设计模式--状态模式

状态模式

定义：允许一个对象在其内部状态改变时，改变它的行为

举例，在网站上观看视频的时候，可以暂停，播放，停止，快进，这都是状态。

类型：行为型

适用场景：（1）一个对象存在多个状态（不同状态下行为不同），且状态可相互转换。（不同状态下的行为不同，举例，比如在做电梯，只有在电梯停止的时候门才可以打开，电梯在上升或者下降的过程中，不能停止）

优点：（1）将不同的状态隔离，（2）把各种状态的转换逻辑，分布到State的子类中，减少相互间依赖，（3）增加新的状态非常简单

缺点：（1）状态多的业务场景导致类数目增加，系统变复杂

状态模式	两者经常配合使用
享元模式

代码

// 每个 class 都是一个 .java 文件

public abstract class CourseVideoState {
    protected CourseVideoContext courseVideoContext;

    public void setCourseVideoContext(CourseVideoContext courseVideoContext) {
        this.courseVideoContext = courseVideoContext;
    }

    public abstract void play();
    public abstract void speed();
    public abstract void pause();
    public abstract void stop();
}

public class PauseState extends CourseVideoState {

    @Override
    public void play() {
        super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(CourseVideoContext.PLAY_STATE);
    }

    @Override
    public void speed() {
        super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(CourseVideoContext.SPEED_STATE);
    }

    @Override
    public void pause() {
        System.out.println("暂停播放课程视频状态");
    }

    @Override
    public void stop() {
        super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(CourseVideoContext.STOP_STATE);
    }
}

public class PlayState extends CourseVideoState {

    @Override
    public void play() {
        System.out.println("正常播放课程视频状态");
    }

    @Override
    public void speed() {
        super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(CourseVideoContext.SPEED_STATE);
    }

    @Override
    public void pause() {
        super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(CourseVideoContext.PAUSE_STATE);
    }

    @Override
    public void stop() {
        super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(CourseVideoContext.STOP_STATE);
    }
}

public class SpeedState extends CourseVideoState {
    @Override
    public void play() {
        super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(CourseVideoContext.PLAY_STATE);
    }

    @Override
    public void speed() {
        System.out.println("快进播放课程视频状态");
    }

    @Override
    public void pause() {
        super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(CourseVideoContext.PAUSE_STATE);
    }

    @Override
    public void stop() {
        super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(CourseVideoContext.STOP_STATE);
    }
}

public class StopState extends CourseVideoState {
    @Override
    public void play() {
        super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(CourseVideoContext.PLAY_STATE);
    }

    @Override
    public void speed() {
        System.out.println("ERROR 停止状态不能快进!!");
    }

    @Override
    public void pause() {
        System.out.println("ERROR 停止状态不能暂停!!");
    }

    @Override
    public void stop() {
        System.out.println("停止播放课程视频状态");
    }
}

// 上下文
public class CourseVideoContext {

    private CourseVideoState courseVideoState;
    public final static PlayState PLAY_STATE = new PlayState();
    public final static StopState STOP_STATE = new StopState();
    public final static PauseState PAUSE_STATE = new PauseState();
    public final static SpeedState SPEED_STATE = new SpeedState();

    public CourseVideoState getCourseVideoState() {
        return courseVideoState;
    }

    public void setCourseVideoState(CourseVideoState courseVideoState) {
        this.courseVideoState = courseVideoState;
        this.courseVideoState.setCourseVideoContext(this);
    }
    public void play(){
        this.courseVideoState.play();
    }

    public void speed(){
        this.courseVideoState.speed();
    }

    public void stop(){
        this.courseVideoState.stop();
    }

    public void pause(){
        this.courseVideoState.pause();
    }
}

// 测试代码
public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CourseVideoContext courseVideoContext = new CourseVideoContext();
        courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(new PlayState());

        System.out.println("当前状态:"+courseVideoContext.getCourseVideoState().getClass().getSimpleName());
        courseVideoContext.pause();

        System.out.println("当前状态:"+courseVideoContext.getCourseVideoState().getClass().getSimpleName());

        courseVideoContext.speed();

        System.out.println("当前状态:"+courseVideoContext.getCourseVideoState().getClass().getSimpleName());

        courseVideoContext.stop();

        System.out.println("当前状态:"+courseVideoContext.getCourseVideoState().getClass().getSimpleName());

        courseVideoContext.speed();
    }
}
           

UML类图

源码示例