The Siege of Changchun, or siege of Changchun, was a siege that took place in Changchun, Jilin Province, during the Second Kuomintang Civil War, attacking the Northeast People's Liberation Army (hereinafter referred to as the People's Liberation Army) commanded by Xiao Jinguang, and defending the city by the National Army of the Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Nationalist Army) commanded by Zheng Dongguo. The Battle of Changchun was part of the Battle of Western Liaoning, and the occupation of Changchun by the People's Liberation Army marked the end of the first phase of the Liaoshen Campaign.
The Battle of Changchun was the "first major siege campaign" led by the Communist Party of China, with 100,000 People's Liberation Army besieging 100,000 Nationalist troops. The People's Liberation Army intended to besiege the city for reinforcements, attack changchun with some troops, attract the Liao Yaoxiang Corps of Shenyang to the north to rescue, and then surround and annihilate the Liao Yaoxiang Corps on the way. However, the People's Liberation Army that attacked Changchun was comparable to the national army defending the city, and the equipment was inferior to that of the national army, and Liao Yaoxiang's corps refused to go north to rescue, so the People's Liberation Army was never determined to attack Changchun. After that, the People's Liberation Army decided to capture Jinzhou first, cut off the way for the Northeast Nationalist Army to flee south, and leave the Northeast Nationalist Army stranded in the Northeast Battlefield and destroyed them one by one, so the main force went south, and the Changchun Campaign formed a siege but not an attack.
In 1947, the Northeast People's Liberation Army arrived around Changchun and chose the strategy of encircling but not attacking. The official campaign began on May 23, 1948, when the People's Liberation Army completed the encirclement of the Nationalist army defending Changchun and cut off the air transport of the Nationalist army, until October 19, when the 60th Army of the National Revolutionary Army defected, the New Seventh Army surrendered, and the People's Liberation Army entered Changchun.
Screenshot of the movie "Soldiers In the City"
100,000 people. More than 4,300 people were killed on the battlefield and 26,000 people revolted (or surrendered).
The Changchun garrison was divided into two garrison areas bounded by Central Avenue (later renamed Stalin Avenue, now known as People's Avenue), with the eastern half belonging to the Sixty Army and the western half to the New Seventh Army, with its headquarters at the Central Bank Building. With the central bank as the core, fortified layer by layer with solid buildings, and sent two regiments of the Temporary Fifty-sixth Division of the New Seventh Army to control the large airfield outside the West Gate, and sent a division of the Sixty Army to defend the strategic high ground outside the fortifications of the eastern suburbs.
First Corps
Commander: Zheng Dongguo (concurrently), Deputy Commander: Zeng Zesheng, Peng Jieru, Deputy Chief of Staff: Yang Youmei (Acting Chief of Staff)
Lieutenant General of the Zhengdongguo Army
The newly organized Seventh Army: Commander Li Hong, Deputy Commander Shi Shuo (Acting Commander), Chief of Staff: Long Guojun
In order to stick to Changchun, the Northeast Suppression General Established the New Seventh Army with the absolute main division of the New First Army and the newly organized Thirty-eighth Division as the core
New 38th Division Commander: Chen Mingren, Deputy Division Commander: Peng Keli, Chief of Staff: Li Shengchang
Provisional 56th Division Commander: Zhang Bingyan, Deputy Division Commander: Wang Zhengguo (Captured on May 24, 1948), Chief of Staff: Liu Daming
Provisional 61st Division Commander: Deng Shifu, Deputy Division Commander: Ning Wei, Chief of Staff: Zeng Dehui
Commander of the 60th Army: Zeng Zesheng (concurrently) Chief of Staff: Xu Shumin
Lieutenant General Zeng Zesheng
182nd Division Commander: Bai Zhaoxue Deputy Division Commander: Li Zuo Chief of Staff: Yang Zhenglong
Provisional 52nd Division Commander: Li Song, Deputy Division Commander: Ouyang Wu, Chief of Staff: Tang Qisheng
Provisional 21st Division Commander: Long Yao, Deputy Division Commander: Ren Xiaozong, Chief of Staff: Yang Zhaojun
After the uprising, the Sixtieth Army was reorganized into the 50th Army of the Northeast Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army;
During the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, General Zeng led the Fifty Army to participate in the First to Fourth Campaigns. In the third campaign, Chen Ping, deputy commander of the 442nd Regiment of the 149th Division of the Fiftieth Army, led a battalion to take the lead in attacking Seoul. In the fourth campaign, he led his troops to hold out on both sides of the Han River for 50 days.
Changchun Garrison Command: Commander Li Hong (concurrently)
Jilin Provincial Security Command: Commander Zheng Dongguo (concurrently) Deputy Commander: Li Yuchun (concurrently) Chief of Staff: Han Yunwu (concurrently)
Jilin Security Brigade, Jilin Division Headquarters
Corps directly subordinate units:
Brigade Commander of the 1st Cavalry Brigade: Han Yunwu
Brigade Commander of the 2nd Cavalry Brigade: Yang Youmei (concurrently)
The First Corps of the Northeast People's Liberation Army (later renamed the Northeast Field Army and the Fourth Field Army) has about 100,000 people, commander Xiao Jinguang, deputy commander Chen Bojun, political commissar Xiao Hua, director of the Political Department Tang Tianji, chief of staff Xie Fang, deputy chief of staff Pan Shuoduan.
Strength: 100,000 men, 6,508 killed, wounded unknown
General Xiao Jinguang
Admiral Chen Bojun
Lieutenant General Tang Tianji
The 6th Column, commander Huang Yongsheng, deputy commanders Yang Guofu and Li Zuopeng, political commissar Lai Chuanzhu, chief of staff Huang Yiping. There are three divisions:
Admiral Huang
The 16th Division, division commander Li Zuopeng, deputy division commander Wang Dongbao, political commissar Zhang Chiming, chief of staff Feng Jingjing.
The 17th Division, Division Commander Long Shujin, Deputy Division Commander Li Peigong, Political Commissar Xu Binzhou, Chief of Staff Chen Yizhai.
The 18th Division, division commander Yan Jiesan, deputy division commander Huang Ronghai, political commissar Yuan Jiao, chief of staff Zhou Mingguo.
The 12th Column, Commander Zhong Wei, Deputy Commander Xiong Botao, Political Commissar Yuan Shengping, Chief of Staff Wang Kang. There are three divisions:
Major General Zhong Wei
The 34th Division, Division Commander Wen Yucheng, Political Commissar Tan Youlin.
The 35th Division, division commander Wang Kuixian, deputy division commander Li Guanghan, political commissar Li Zaishan.
The 36th Division, division commander Shen Qixian, deputy division commander Zheng Guiqing, political commissar Wang Jianzhong, chief of staff Xi Shumin.
The Independent 6th Division, division commander Deng Keming, deputy division commanders Jin Yu and Ma Yifei, political commissar Zhong Renfang, chief of staff Liu Su.
The independent 7th Division, division commander Luo Huasheng, deputy division commanders Cheng Qiwen and Yu Xunguang, political commissar Qiu Ziming, chief of staff Liu Ketian.
Independent 8th Division, division commander Wang Rengui, deputy division commander Cai Jiu, political commissar Zou Yan.
Independent 9th Division, Division Commander Liao Zhongfu, Deputy Division Commander Luo Wenhua, Political Commissar Zhong Min, Chief of Staff Ran Ze.
The independent 10th Division, division commander Zhao Donghuan, deputy division commander Deng Zhongren, political commissar Cui Guohui, chief of staff Wang Yufeng.
The independent 11th Division, division commander Wang Xiaoming, deputy division commander Li Deshan, political commissar Song Jinghua, chief of staff Kang Gansheng.
On April 18, 1948, the Northeast Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and the Northeast Military Region discussed the fight against Changchun, and called the Central Military Commission of the CPC Central Committee, planning to start the Changchun Campaign from mid-May, attack Changchun with nine columns, prepare 40,000 casualties by siege and reinforcement, and end the battle in 10-15 days.
In mid-May, the People's Liberation Army established the First Front Siege Command Post (later renamed the First Corps) in Lijiatun, 40 to 50 kilometers southeast of Changchun, with Xiao Jinguang as commander and Xiao Hua as political commissar. At this time, the People's Liberation Army had completed the encirclement of Changchun, and the first column, the sixth column and three independent divisions surrounded Changchun.
On May 30, Lin Biao convened a meeting of the heads of the Northeast Bureau and the Northeast Military Region, which decided to adopt a siege policy for Changchun and decided on the deployment of the siege and strict sealing of Changchun. Mao Zedong approved Lin Biao's deployment.
From June 15 to 20, the First Corps of the People's Liberation Army held a meeting of cadres at and above the divisional level of the Field Army in Jilin (Jilin Conference), decided to change the attack on Changchun to a long siege, and announced that xiao Hua, commander of the First Corps, would command the newly established 12th Column (composed of the 2nd and 4th Independent Divisions of Northern Manchuria and the 5th Independent Division of Western Manchuria) and six independent divisions to besiege the city.
Before June 22, the People's Liberation Army completed the siege deployment, the 6th Column 18th Division, the 12th Column 34th Division, the 35th Division and the independent 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th Division, entered the designated position, the first encirclement was divided into two local teams in the east and west, the independent 6th, 8th, and 9th Divisions were the eastern regional teams, the 6th And 18th Divisions were their mobile units; the 7th and 10th Independent Divisions were the Western Areas, and the 34th and 35th Divisions of the 12th Column were deployed as mobile units, which were deployed in the main breakthrough directions of the defenders in the west and southwest of the city, and the remnants formed a second encirclement. Complete the blockade with Changchun as the center of the 45 kilometers and a depth of 25 kilometers, and prohibit the transportation of grain and vegetables, fuel, cattle and horses into the blockade circle. A middle ground was formed between the PEOPLE's Liberation Army blockade circle and the Nationalist army checkpoint.
On August 16, the First Corps of the People's Liberation Army held a military work conference, according to the instructions, narrowed the encirclement circle and further besieged the defenders, and the headquarters of the First Corps also moved forward to the village of Desijiazi, ten kilometers away from Changchun.
On September 12, the People's Liberation Army launched an attack on the first-line nationalist forces in Yixian and Luanxian, and the Liaoshen Campaign officially began. At the end of September, the main force of the People's Liberation Army swung south to the Beining Line, and the Sixth Column and the Twelfth Column were also ordered to be transferred to the Tongjiangkou and Kaiyuan lines, and only the independent 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th Divisions and the six divisions of the independent 11th Division, which were transferred later, as well as local troops, continued to besiege Changchun.
From June 25 to the end of September, more than 30 large and small battles were fought, the PLA annihilated about 3,000 Nationalist troops, and more than 13,500 Nationalist soldiers surrendered to the PLA. The PLA suffered only more than 400 casualties in the outlying battles.
On October 2, Chiang Kai-shek flew to Shenyang to hold a military conference, and Chiang believed that the main force of the People's Liberation Army was moving south and besieging Changchun was empty, so he ordered Zheng Dongguo to take the opportunity to lead his troops to break through. On the afternoon of October 4, Zheng Dongguo spoke with Zeng Zesheng and asked the Sixty Army to send a regiment to cooperate with the New Seventh Army. From October 7 to 8, Zheng Dongguo concentrated on the New 38th Division and two other divisions to organize a tentative breakout attack on the position of the Independent 6th Division west of Changchun in the direction of Dafangshan Airfield, which was blocked by the People's Liberation Army.
On October 16, Zheng Dongguo informed Zeng Zesheng to meet at the corps headquarters to discuss the plan to break through to Shenyang, and decided to break through at dawn on the 17th.
At one o'clock in the morning of October 17, the command post of the Sixty Army moved to the 547th Regiment Headquarters and sent a letter to inform Zheng Dongguo to prepare for the uprising. At 17:00, the uprising was electrified. In the night, the independent 6th, 8th, and 9th Divisions of the People's Liberation Army entered the city to take over the eastern half of the defensive area, and at 12 o'clock, the Sixty Army withdrew from the defensive area and drove to Jiutai. On the night of October 17, Zeng Zesheng received a telephone call from Zheng Dongguo, and Liu Hao spoke with Zheng Dongguo, urging him to lay down his weapons.
On October 18, Zhou Enlai personally drew up a telegram to Zheng Dongguo, urging him to "revolt" with the old friendship of Huangpu. At 11:00 p.m., Li Hong of the New Seventh Army sent Peng Keli, deputy commander of the Thirty-eighth Division, Ning Wei, deputy commander of the Provisional Sixty-first Division, Wang Jiren, commander of the artillery of the New Seventh Army, Yang Tianting, deputy director of the Information Department, Yang Zhenhan, deputy director of the Adjutant Division, and Wu Xiangbo, director of the Political Department of the Provisional Sixty-second Division, as representatives to negotiate with Xie Fang, chief of staff of the First Corps of the People's Liberation Army, and reach an agreement.
In the early morning of October 19, Long Guojun, chief of staff of the New Seventh Army, met with Zheng Dongguo and reported that he had prepared to change his mind. At 10 a.m., the New Seventh Army laid down its weapons, and the People's Liberation Army took over the western half of the defensive area. At this point, Changchun was all occupied by the People's Liberation Army, and only the headquarters of the Zhengdong National Corps and the special service regiment stuck to the central bank building. The People's Liberation Army did not take any force to capture it, and Zheng Dongguo's subordinates (one said Yang Youmei) contacted the People's Liberation Army and proposed to "resist" a day or two before surrendering.
At 4 a.m. on October 21, after a barrage of shots fired in the air, the corps headquarters raised a white flag and surrendered.
After the People's Liberation Army was fully stationed in Changchun On October 19, Zhu Guang was transferred by the Northeast People's Government to become the first secretary of the Changchun Municipal CPC Committee, who presided over the gradual restoration of order in the city.