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<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="3" >. Shanghai factory moved inland</h1>
Before the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, China's industry was mainly concentrated along the Jianghai coast and along the railway line centered on Shanghai. In 1937, among the 3935 factories in the country that met the standards stipulated in the Factory Law, 2998 were distributed in the six provinces of Hebei, Lu, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong and the four cities of Tianjin, Weihaiwei, Qingdao and Shanghai, accounting for 76.2% of the national total; of which 2336 factories in Suzhou, Zhejiang and Shanghai accounted for 59.4% of the total; and 1235 factories in Shanghai, accounting for 31.4% of the national total.
After the Outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, most of these factories were under the threat of war, and many national entrepreneurs vowed not to use the factories as enemies and were willing to produce military materials for the National Government. Many private enterprises have written to the National Government asking for assistance in arranging for factories to relocate.
Shortly after the Lugou Bridge Incident, the Nationalist government established the National General Mobilization Design Committee, led by He Yingqin. On July 21, 1937, the First Meeting of the National General Mobilization Design Committee was held, in which a proposal from the Machinery and Chemical Industry Group decided to investigate the existing tools and machines in the Chinese factories in Shanghai, and to contact whether there was a possibility of relocating to the mainland, estimate the cost of relocation and construction, and find out the purchase price, and the Resources Committee would conduct the investigation.
After the meeting, Lin Jiyong, Zhuang Qianding, and Zhang Jixi, special members of the Assets Committee who participated in the machine chemistry group, went to Shanghai to investigate, and invited Yan Yaoshuo and Hu Juewen, representatives of the machine factory, to Nanjing for consultation. On July 30, the Executive Committee of Shanghai Machinery Hardware Association and other industries was held to mobilize the relocation of the factory, and Xinmin Machinery Factory, Shanghai Machinery Factory, Xinzhong Engineering Company, etc. expressed their willingness to move inland.
On August 3, Lin Jiyong went to Shanghai again to negotiate with 8 enterprises, including Daxin Iron and Steel Factory. On August 9, the Resources Committee submitted to the Executive Yuan the "Case on Subsidizing Shanghai Factories to Relocate Work in the Interior to Enrich Armaments to Increase the Strength of Long-term Resistance to Foreign Aggression", which reads:
(1) The Shanghai Machinery Association voluntarily moved 2,000 machines worth 4 million yuan and the technical workers of each factory to the mainland, and the government allocated 400,000 yuan for packing, handling and allowances; the government allocated 200,000 yuan in incentives every year, limited to 10 years; land purchase, construction and other fees costs needed about 2 million yuan, which were lent to various manufacturers at low interest through consultation between the government and banks; 500 mu of land needed to build a factory, worth 50,000 yuan, was to be allocated by the government.
(2) The government subsidizes the handling fee of Shanghai Daxin Iron and Steel Factory by 100,000 yuan and lends 200,000 yuan to the purchase of land and construction costs; subsidizes the handling fee of China Gas Refining Company by 10,000 yuan, and the government negotiates with the bank to lend 40,000 yuan for land purchase and construction costs; the government negotiates with the bank to lend 650,000 yuan to the Greater China Rubber Factory for handling, land purchase and construction costs, and asks the government to allocate 50,000 yuan of incentive money every year, limited to 10 years; and asks the government to lend 50,000 yuan to the relocation cost of Kangyuan Canning Factory. And negotiate with the bank to borrow 300,000 yuan: the government and the bank are requested to negotiate a loan of 100,000 yuan to the private chemical industry society for handling, construction and other expenses.
On August 10, the Executive Yuan decided:
"The bonus is suspended, and the rest is passed." The Resources Committee, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Military Affairs, and the Ministry of Industry shall organize and supervise the Committee, with the Resources Committee as the sponsoring organ, closely supervise and relocate every day. The relocation of the printing industry shall be supervised by the Ministry of Education. ”
On August 11, the Shanghai Factory Relocation Committee was established, and the next day, the Shanghai Factory Joint Relocation Committee was established, consisting of 11 people, including Yan Yaoshuo of Shanghai Machine Factory, Hu Juewen of Xinmin Machine Factory, Zhi Bingyuan of Xinzhong Engineering Company, Yu Yuyu of Daxin Iron Works, Wang Zuocai of China Iron Factory, Lv Shixin of Zhongxin Machine Factory, Yan Yutang of Dalong Machine Factory, Zhao Xiaolin of Wanchang Machine Factory, and Qian Xiangbiao of China Nail Factory.
Yan Yaoshuo is the director, and Hu Weiwen and Zhi Bingyuan are the deputy directors. By this time, Shanghai was in extreme chaos, the Japanese were patrolling the streets, and people living outside the concession were scrambling to flee. On August 13, after the fighting began, people were panicked. Wang Li, a representative of the Military and Political Department of the Nationalist Government, and Ouyang Lun, a representative of the Ministry of Industry, both wanted to leave Shanghai, and Lin Jiyong asked them to write a power of attorney and let him handle the demolition work with full authority in the name of chairman of the supervision committee. On August 22, Shunchang Machinery Factory first moved inland, and within 5 days, 22 ships of shunchang, Xinmin, cooperative hardware and other factories and more than 160 technicians were first transported out. By September 12, the first batch of factories relocated inland reached 21.
The factories relocated inland are scheduled to be wuchang Xujiapeng as the centralized location of mechanical parts materials, and then move west to Yichang and Chongqing, south to Yueyang and Changsha, and north to Xi'an and Xianyang. The factory parts in the south area of Shanghai are concentrated in Minhang, Beixinjing or Nanshi; the factories in Zhabei, Hongkou and Yangshupu are first dismantled and packed into the concession and transported from Suzhou Creek or Nanshi.
All mechanical parts materials, semi-finished products, tools, etc. that are approved for relocation after review by the Migration Committee will be charged a packing fee of 0.35 yuan per cubic foot, a freight of 53 yuan per ton for those who are sent to Wuchang, and a freight for finished products to Be sent to Zhenjiang for 12 yuan per ton. Because Wusongkou has been blocked by Japanese ships, the internal relocation of materials had to be transferred from Suzhou Creek to Zhenjiang via the canal to the Minsheng Company River to Wuhan, the joint relocation committee of the factory sent personnel to Suzhou, Zhenjiang, Wuhan and other places to set up stations to respond, at the end of August more than 40 enterprises contacted the inland relocation; in mid-September, the number of factories registered for internal relocation reached 125, and on September 11, the Supervision Commission announced a new method for internal relocation:
(1) Strictly limit the transportation of finished products; (2) the freight of raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products is halved; (3) the freight after Zhenjiang is all at its own expense; (4) the freight of raw wealth is all self-care, and the freight allowance of machine parts is as usual.
Although the Measures of the Nationalist Government have aroused widespread dissatisfaction among the people, many business owners have voluntarily moved inland because of the interests of the nation.
On September 27, the Industrial and Mining Adjustment Committee of the Military Commission was established, with Weng Wenhao as the chairman of the committee, and at the meeting on the relocation of factories held on the same day, the "Proposal for Increasing the Scope of Relocation of Shanghai Factories to the Interior" proposed by the Resources Committee was decided, and Wu Yunchu's Tianli Nitridation Plant was subsidized for the relocation of 400,000 yuan, another 370 mu of factory land was allocated, and the bank was asked to borrow nearly 1.7 million yuan: 76,000 yuan for the relocation fee for 8 shipyards such as Sanbei, Gongmao, and Hexing, and 60 mu of land was allocated, and the bank was asked to borrow 250,000 yuan.
At the same time, the meeting also made a "Resolution on the Principles of Factory Relocation in the Future", which divided the relocated factories into designated military factories and ordinary factories, and subsidized the inward relocation of designated military factories (mainly machinery, chemistry, smelting, power fuel, transportation equipment, medicine, etc.), and the total amount of subsidies throughout the country was tentatively set at 5 million yuan; for ordinary factories, those who are willing to relocate and approved by the government can be exempted, exempted from inspection, reduced freight, provided transportation facilities or expropriated land acres, etc. Regarding the placement and work after the relocation, it is also based on the principle of self-planning by the manufacturer".
In addition to the lack of adequate government subsidies, the inward relocation of private factories was often bombarded by Japanese aircraft.
Ships were often requisitioned by the army. As a result, on the way inland, the losses were extremely heavy. For example, when the Tianli and Tianyuan chemical plants were relocated, "enemy planes frequently attacked during the day, and the army was forbidden to work at night"; the day after the ship was launched, "a large group of enemy planes came to bomb, and the Tianyuan factory was completely destroyed." Rongjia Public Welfare Iron Factory has more than 100 machines, hastily relocated by wooden boats, and hastily bombed along the way, and only 1/4 of all kinds of equipment are left after reaching Chongqing.
The capitalists and the workers of the factories showed a spirit of sacrifice:
"When the workers of various factories were desperately trying to dismantle the machines, the enemy planes came and hid on the ground... I saw my companion in front of me being killed... With tears in her eyes, she lifted the dead body aside and gritted her teeth as usual. Cold machines, always coated with steaming blood."
Lin Jiyong, who was in charge of demolition and relocation in the Nationalist government, was injured and poisoned in his left foot, unable to touch the ground, and jumped around with one foot every day to preside over the work. Although the Minsheng Steamship Company, which was responsible for the internal relocation transport work, overcame great difficulties, endured great sacrifices, and dispatched almost all the ships that could be dispatched, the ships were far from enough, and the Shanghai manufacturers still used 499 wooden ships, most of which relied on the factories to try to find them on their own.
Due to the bulky parts and the small capacity of wooden ships, many factories had to be shipped in batches, such as Watson Electrical Appliance Factory, which moved more than 1,200 tons of materials, and was loaded in 6 batches of 27 ships, the largest loaded 272 tons, the smallest loaded 8 tons, which lasted for 1 month; Shunchang Machinery Factory relocated 343 tons of materials, in 4 batches of 17 ships, which lasted two months.
According to the industry, there are 66 machine and hardware industries, accounting for 45% of the total number of relocated factories, accounting for about 12% of the industry; 20 electrical and electrical appliances, accounting for 13% of the total number of relocated factories, accounting for about 8% of the industry: 25 chemical industries, accounting for 18% of the number of relocated factories; 11 cultural printing industry, accounting for 7% of the number of relocated factories; 10 textile industry, accounting for 6% of the total number of relocated factories; 16 can-making, shipbuilding, food and other factories, accounting for 11% of the total number of relocated factories.
From the establishment of the relocation committee to the fall of Shanghai, a total of 146 private factories were moved out, with more than 2,100 workers and 12,000 tons of mechanical parts and materials, accounting for 12% of the total number of factories in Shanghai. In February 1938, there were 121 Shanghai national industries that moved to Wuhan, which were:
There are 57 machine hardware industries such as Daxin, Xinchang and Shunchang; 23 chemical enterprises such as Yifeng, Tianyuan and Tianli; 19 motors and electrical appliances such as Watson, Huacheng and Zhenhua; 2 canning industries such as Kangyuan and Guanshengyuan; 4 shipbuilding industries such as Sanbei, Huafeng and Maochang; 8 cultural printing industries such as Dagong, Life and Kaiming; 4 textile enterprises such as Meiya, Dean and Huacheng; and 4 Liuhe Construction Company, Yuanda Leather Factory, Siming Sugar Factory, and Liangjiaji Toothbrush Factory.
In September 1937, the equipment of each factory began to be transported to Wuhan, and the focus of the internal relocation work was moved from Shanghai to Hankou, and the office of the Federation of Factories was established in Hankou. On November 18, the Nationalist government established the office of the Industrial and Mining Adjustment Committee in Hankou; in March 1938, the Industrial and Mining Adjustment Committee was reorganized into the Industrial and Mining Adjustment Department. In Wuhan, there are more than 60 enterprises that have been assisted in resuming work through the Adjustment Department of Industry and Mines.
Soon after the establishment of the office of the Qian'e Factory Federation, the Ordnance Industry Bureau sent a military order, counting grenades, mortar shells, pickaxes, shovels, etc., which were distributed by the office of the Qian'e Factory Federation to produce in various machine factories.
In less than 10 days, 15 machine factories such as Xinmin, Cooperation, and Shanghai began production; in early 1938, 27 machine factories such as Huafeng and Yao Shunxing resumed work, and as of April 5, 1938, 42 machine factories resumed work in Wuhan. The machine factories produced munitions worth a total of 1.78 million yuan.
In total, the factories temporarily started in Wuhan accounted for 1/3 of the total number of factories and mines relocated to Wuhan at that time, of which the machine sand turning plant was the most started, accounting for 50% of the total number of factories started; the motor electrical and radio equipment factory was second, accounting for 24.44%; the textile factory was second, accounting for 9.20%. The relocation of national industry to Wuhan reflects the anti-Japanese belief of the national capitalists and the courage to sacrifice for the country, although the losses are relatively large, but most of the enterprises that have been preserved are military enterprises, which provided a strong logistical support for the Chinese army in the early stage of the War of Resistance.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="94" ></h1>
After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Jiang Baili proposed that the iron factories in Weixian County, Fangzi and other places in Shandong Be relocated, and the secretary group of the State General Mobilization Design Committee promptly informed the factory relocation committee of this proposal, and pointed out: "The relocation of the Shanghai factory is too late, and the factories in Wuxi and Nantong should start as soon as possible." ”
On November 1, 1937, the 4th Department of the Military Commission and the Industrial and Mining Adjustment Committee sent personnel to work with the chairman of the Jiangsu Provincial Government and various supervisors to draw up the "Key Points for relocating factories in Jiangsu Province", which planned that the silk factories, flour mills, match factories, oil pressing plants, etc. would be basically not relocated; the yarn mills, cloth factories, etc. would only relocate the more refined parts of the equipment; the relocation site should avoid concentrating in Wuhan.
In November 1937, in view of the tense situation and the need for factories in Hangzhou to move inland, the Zhejiang Provincial Government allocated 100,000 yuan by the Construction Department to send Factory Inspector Chen Kui, together with Zhao Sizong, chairman of the Hangzhou Iron Industry Trade Union, and others to discuss demolition and relocation. Hangzhou Lin Changxing Webbing Factory and other 6 factories, jointly relocated, led by Lin Chongxi, with the assistance of the Aviation Committee, safely moved out before the fall of Hangzhou and transported into Sichuan. This is the smoothest batch of factories and mines inward migration.
In view of the need to relocate the factories in Ningbo and Wenzhou, the Zhejiang Provincial Construction Department also established the Ningbo Wenzhou Factory Relocation Committee, which was headed by Qiu Yuanxiong. However, the manufacturers were unwilling to operate in the interior, but were willing to sell the parts at a discounted price, so they were appraised and purchased by the Zhejiang Provincial Construction Department, and the factories that were acquired included the Ningbo Shunji Iron Factory, etc., and moved out of zhenhai Weida and Hongyuan forts more than 4,000 waste shells, two machines of the Shanghai-Hangzhou-Ningbo Railway Bureau Baisha Machine Factory, and the Zhejiang West Branch Office rushed to transport a batch of Changxing coal mine materials and parts.
On November 26, 1937, the Industrial and Mining Adjustment Committee sent Chen Shizhen to Henan to supervise the internal relocation of Yufeng Spinning Factory and Kaifeng Henan Agricultural and Industrial Instrument Manufacturing Factory. In early December, Chen Shizhen arrived in Kaifeng, and after joint consultations with Zhang Jingyu, director of the Henan Construction Department, Zheng Renkui, manager of Zhengzhou Yufeng Spinning Factory, and Dong Jiahui, manager of Huaxin Spinning Mill in Jixian County, Henan Agricultural and Industrial Equipment Manufacturing Factory was reluctant to move out of Henan and was only willing to move to Liulin Town near Jigongshan; Zhengzhou Yufeng Spinning Factory and Jixian Huaxin Spinning Factory were unwilling to demolish and relocate due to their outdated equipment, and the provincial government and the spinning mill creditor Bank of China and the spinning mill operators were unwilling to demolish and relocate, and they were even prepared to "listen to nature".
In February 1938, under the order of Song Ziwen, the Yufeng Spinning Factory began to relocate, and the Henan Agricultural and Industrial Instrument Manufacturing Factory also moved inland. By October 1938, the Industrial and Mining Adjustment Committee had moved a total of 8,600 tons of materials from Zhengzhou.
Qingdao, Shandong is a traditional Japanese sphere of influence. Qingdao's Japanese textile mills, known as the "base camp" of Japan's invasion of China's textile industry, have a total of 9 large spinning mills in China and outside, Such as Fuji, Gongda, Longxing, Bora, Dakang, Shanghai, Tongxing, Toyota, etc., with an investment of 282 million yuan and 25,000 workers.
In addition, Nissho has set up a number of factories for beer, matches, and oil pressing. The Nissho Saehiro building is as strong as a fortress. After the August 13 Incident, Japanese diplomats and Japanese overseas Chinese withdrew from Qingdao. In view of the urgency of the war, Qingdao Mayor Shen Honglie formed three sabotage brigades to sabotage the Qingdao Japanese Textile Factory with explosives, fire oil and other means. After more than a month of preparations, when the invading Japanese army entered Weixian County, it blew up 9 Japanese textile factories, totaling 520,000 yarn spindles. At the same time, it moved out of the private Huaxin Spinning Factory, Jilu Needle Factory and other enterprises. Jinan Luda Railway Factory was automatically demolished under the leadership of the manager, demolishing more than 100 tons of parts and transferring them to the southwest through Wuhan.
Under the operation of Yan Xishan for many years in Shanxi Province, industrial construction has begun to take shape, and the Northwest Manufacturing General Factory, the Northwest Industrial Construction Company and the Northwest Steel Factory are the pillar industries of Shanxi. In November 1937, the Japanese army attacked Taiyuan, and Zhang Shutian, the general office of the Taiyuan Northwest Manufacturing General Factory, took the initiative to order the demolition and relocation of the entire factory's mechanical parts to the south, and the whole factory staff and their families fought hard for several days and nights, dismantling more than 1,000 tons of machine parts, and the guns were transported to Fenglingdu. Due to the rapid flow of water and the muddy depth of several feet, the workers had to rush to build a temporary dock by themselves, they laid the dismantled rails in the mud, dragged the wood with horses, set up piles and nailed boards, and built the bottom feet of the dock.
According to the person concerned:
"That night the moon was very dim, the snow increased Saiwei, the wind sounded like a tiger roaring, the situation was so terrible, all the personnel fought with their lives, and finally the dock was hastily established." Less than 2 hours after the parts were loaded offshore, the Japanese shells had already arrived.
They took 2,000 tons of mechanical parts and materials, 2 huge locomotives, more than a thousand employees, took the Sichuan-Shaanxi Highway, entered the Dashan Pass, crossed the Qinling Mountains, turned all the way to southern Shaanxi, and entered Sichuan through hardships on the other." Since then, the plant has laid its foundation and has played a great role in the machinery industry with a new attitude."
On November 15, 1937, the Industrial and Mining Adjustment Committee sent Jin Kaiying, Zhu Qian, and Chen Liangfu to Zhejiang to supervise the factory to move inland.
Wulin, Dalai, Xiechang, Hu Jinxing, Ying Zhenchang and other 5 machine factories packed important equipment into boxes and shipped them, but due to the japanese army's urgent pursuit, only 50 boxes of machine parts were rushed out to the interior of Zhejiang. Jiaxing Minfeng Paper Factory only rushed out some of the machine parts and transported them to Kunming in the west. In Hebei, although the Nationalist government sent people to persuade them to relocate, they only moved out a batch of materials and failed to relocate the mines. The enterprises relocated in Anhui Province include Wuhu China Vegetable Oil Factory. Jiangxi Province has Jiujiang Yusheng Yarn Factory, Everbright Porcelain Industry Company, Everbright Sauce Factory, China Match Factory and other enterprises.
In addition, before and after the fall of Shanghai, some private factories were relocated from sea to Hong Kong. As the Pacific War approached, some factories moved into the concession also moved to Hong Kong.
At the same time as the above-mentioned private enterprises moved inland, state-owned factories also moved inland. These state-owned factories were mainly military enterprises, and from the perspective of machinery and equipment, technical strength, enterprise management, and the number of workers, most of them were modern factories with relatively advanced equipment and large scale in China's industrial circles at that time, and they were directly related to the military supplies of the War of Resistance.
The arsenals directly organized and relocated by the Ordnance Industry Administration and the Aviation Commission at this stage include the Jinling Arsenal, the Military Optical Equipment Factory, the Jinan Arsenal, the Guangdong First Arsenal, the Guangdong Gas Mask Factory, the Gongxian Arsenal, the Central Ordnance Factory, the Artillery Technology Research Department, the Aviation Weapons Technology Research Department, the Central Hangzhou Aircraft Factory, and the Central Nanjing Aircraft Manufacturing Factory. The Resources Committee relocated all or part of the lead and zinc plants in Shandong, Huainan and Datong in Anhui, Zhongfu and Liuhegou in Henan, Tianli in Hebei, Pingxiang and Gaokeng in Jiangxi, and the three iron works in Hubei, such as Yangzi, Daye, and Hanyang, and all or part of the lead and zinc plants in Hunan, and also demolished and relocated some of the machines of the capital power plant, jurong branch plant, and Qishuyan power plant under the construction committee.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="99" > third, from Hubei and then to the southwest</h1>
After 1938, wuhan was under the threat of the Japanese army due to the gradual spread of war to the interior. In January 1938, 41 factories in Wuhan, including Daxin, Shunchang, Shanghai, Dagong, China Construction, China Radio, China Radio, Watson, Longzhang, and Tiansheng, began to plan to move west to Sichuan. By February 28, 1938, the Industrial and Mining Adjustment Committee had assisted in relocating more than 60 factories to the southwest. Among them, 50 moved into Sichuan, 7 in Hunan, 5 in Hubei, 2 in Guangxi and Guizhou, and 1 each in Shaanxi and Yunnan.
The demolition and relocation of wuhan factories and mines is divided into two types: one is moved from foreign ports to Wuhan first, and then moved out; the other is the original factories and mines in Wuhan.
On March 22, the Industrial and Mining Adjustment Department convened a meeting of the factories relocating in Wuhan to ask everyone to be prepared for another relocation, and then announced the regulations on the relocation of local ethnic industries in Wuhan:
(1) Textile dyeing industry.
All spinning mills and all machinery operated Chinese shall be demolished, and the small weaving industry shall also assist in their inward relocation; the demolition of dyeing mills and the allocation of locations shall be determined to suit the needs of this aspect.
(2) Machine hardware industry.
Those with assets of more than 5,000 yuan are relocated separately; those with rudimentary equipment but useful for military production are relocated together; all power equipment and raw materials are relocated; and all technical personnel are relocated inland.
(3) Other industries.
Those whose wealth is more than 5,000 yuan, whose equipment is relatively new, who are needed in the rear, who are related to other industries, and whose skilled workers are lacking in the rear, will be relocated inland if they meet one of the above 5 conditions.
At this time, the southwestern provinces sent personnel to Wuhan to lobby and persuade the factories to move west to revitalize local industries. Hunan Province sent Hu Ankai of the Construction Department to Wuhan, promising that the factory that moved to Xiangxiang could be exempted from taxation, and Yunnan Province sent Zhou Yifu to Wuhan to contact him.
In the mobilization of factories to move west, especially Sichuan Province was the most active, when Liu Xiang, chairman of the Sichuan Provincial Government, was recuperating in Wuhan, and special telegram summoned Sichuan Industrial Expert Hu Guangshu and Construction Director He Beiheng to Wuhan to discuss the resources and environment of Sichuan Province, and discuss specific issues such as transportation, factory land, electricity, labor finance, taxation, raw materials, and markets with representatives of more than 20 factories willing to move to Sichuan. Liu Xiang also sent a telegram to the secretary general of the provincial government, asking him to assist the Qianchuan factory in purchasing land and not to let the landlords make things difficult.
The Sichuan provincial government immediately formulated a series of measures to give preferential treatment to factories to Sichuan. The content is:
(1) Allocate 150 wooden boats to transport equipment on behalf of the central trust bureau; (2) entrust the Central Trust Bureau to handle insurance on behalf of the central trust bureau, the insurance premium is 20% of the price of the equipment, except for 4% of the factory burden, the rest is paid by the Provincial Department of Finance; (3) the mayor of Chongqing Municipality, the director of the Public Security Bureau, the president of the Chamber of Commerce, the county magistrate of Jiangbei County, the governor of Ba County, the construction expert Guan Shunsheng, the industrial expert Hu Guangshu and Lin Jiyong, and others, and decides that all qianchuan factory land seal deeds are exempt from additional tax by 30%; (4) Beidi is the factory area. Expansion of beibei power plant.
At the same time, the Industrial and Mining Adjustment Department also formulated regulations on low-interest loans and machine freight rates for factories moving west to the west to speed up the pace of relocation to Sichuan; and also stipulated the assistance method for factories to relocate to Guizhou and Yunnan. According to the survey, Guangxi is more suitable for paper, sugar, linen weaving, sulfuric acid, rubber, machinery, canning, printing and other factories; Yunnan is more suitable for textiles, electrical appliances, machinery hardware, pharmaceuticals, papermaking, pigments, paints, smelting, coal mines, etc. At that time, it was estimated that the machine parts and equipment for the relocation of Guizhou and Yunnan were about 5,000 tons each.
On July 17, 1938, the Nationalist government decided to move the personnel of various government agencies in Wuhan to Chongqing within 5 days. The Industrial and Mining Adjustment Office has also stepped up the demolition work. In addition to dispatching people from Sichuan and western Hunan to make arrangements, Yao Wenlin was also sent to Xiangnan and Guangxi, and Liu Yiyuan was sent to Shaanxi to set up an office. From July 17 to mid-August, the demolition work was very smooth. In mid-August, the factory in Wuhan was basically cleared.
The state-owned factory in Wuhan was relocated by the Relocation Committee and the Hubei Construction Department. Under the leadership of Zheng Jiajun, the provincial factory, in addition to various difficulties, moved out more than 360 tons of machine parts of the weaving and linen bureau, 1 set of steam engines and auxiliary equipment of the Baishazhou paper mill, plus other papermaking equipment, up to more than 160 tons, and all the mechanical parts of the ship repair factory were moved out; most of the equipment of the Wuchang Hydropower Plant; more than 3,000 tons of mechanical parts of the two bureaus of official gauze, which can be equipped with 15,000 complete spindles and thousands of sets of cloth machines. When Zheng Jiajun was extremely nervous in Wuhan, in less than 3 months, he moved more than 6,000 tons of mechanical parts and materials and set up 4 factories in Wanxian and Shaanxi.
In the process of relocating the factory to Sichuan, a total of more than 850 white wooden boats were put into the westward migration transportation.
The waterway from Yichang to Chongqing is about 1300 miles, with 75 dangerous beaches on the way, it takes 30 to 40 days to go up, and 10 to 15 days to go down.
By mid-August 1938, 170 factories had relocated from Han and 150 factories in Wuhan. After the fall of Wuhan and Guangzhou in 1938, many mainland manufacturers moved to Guangxi, Hunan and Guangdong provinces, and at the end of 1942, the Federation of Factories in Guizhou had more than 80 members.
In March 1944, before the Xiangyue-Guizhou Campaign, there were 539 public and private factories and mines in the three provinces, with a capital of 938.52 million yuan, 65,047 employees, 34,409 horsepower, 3,278 machines, 27,344 spindles, and 1,511 cloth machines.
In the spring of 1944, the Japanese army attacked Changsha, on May 31, the Central and Southern District Office of the Industrial and Mining Adjustment Department urgently notified the factories in the Xiang and Guizhou areas to move inland again, in order to assist the relocation of the factories, the Central and Southern District Office issued freight loans of 40.98 million yuan to 87 factories, issued short-term temporary loans of 2.27 million yuan to 12 factories such as the Large and Medium Machinery Factory, and issued truck freight loans of 14.22 million yuan to 10 enterprises such as Guangxi Textile Machinery Factory.
95 factories relocated from the three provinces, 87 factories funded by loans, 7772.5 tons of equipment, 2782.5 tons of Guilin District, 2705.5 tons from Hengyang District, 1453.5 tons from Qiyang District, 751 tons from Liuzhou District, and 80 tons from other districts. Eight factories without government loans shipped a total of 101 tons of equipment. Due to the lack of transportation, the Japanese army advanced extremely rapidly, and only 52 factories and 5648 tons of equipment reached or crossed the Jincheng River.
The Zhongnan Office allocated 36 cars to Jinchengjiang to rush to transport important equipment and patterns of various factories, but only 16 vehicles arrived in Jinchengjiang, and the rest of the vehicles were changed to ship the equipment temporarily stored in Nandan and Dushan in each factory because it could not be reached. Due to the sharp decline in vehicles arriving at Jinchengjiang and the arrival of Japanese aircraft to bomb, the office temporarily decided to reduce the amount of equipment transported to transport the staff, technicians and important documents of various factories, so that the loss of equipment in Jinchengjiang reached 4168.7 tons. By the end of 1944, when the inland relocation manufacturers arrived in Guizhou, only 93 tons of equipment were left (92 tons in some places), 7572.5 tons of equipment were lost, accounting for 97.4% of the tonnage of transportation, 2893.5 tons of equipment were not shipped out, and 396 factories and mines in the three provinces were damaged by the Japanese army, accounting for 73.3% of the total number of the whole region. At the beginning of 1938, the state-owned factories of the Resources Committee of the Ministry of Economy in Hunan and other places began to move inland.
By November, the factories that had been relocated were the Central Iron and Steel Factory (preparing), the Machine Manufacturing Plant (preparing), the Guangyi Factory of Electrical Equipment (etc.), the Second Factory of the Electrical Equipment Factory (preparing), the Third Factory of the Electrical Equipment Factory (preparing), the Fourth Factory of the Electrical Equipment Factory (preparing), the Central Electric Porcelain Factory, the Central Radio Machinery Manufacturing Plant, the Preparatory Committee of the Tungsten Iron Factory, the Preparatory Office of the Kunming Copper Smelting Plant, the Temporary Copper Smelting Plant, the Chongqing Copper Smelting Plant, the Shaanxi Alcohol Factory, the Sichuan Alcohol Factory, and the Vegetable Oil Refining Light Oil Factory, a total of 15 (including 1 relocated from Xianyang).
Before the factory was relocated, someone once said to Lin Jiyong: "You can move out of two factories and you are very capable, this is not an easy task!" This is a feat in the history of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, known as the "Dunkirk" of Chinese industry, and has preserved a strong material force for the Chinese War of Resistance.
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