"The Biography of the Painter" ~ 252
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Zhang Xuezeng, a calligrapher and painter who has gradually disappeared in the long river of history, is one of the nine friends in the painting! </h1>
Text/Lu Xiuhui
Zhang Xuezeng (17th century AD), painter of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, was a native of Shanyin (present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang), whose year of birth and death is unknown.
Zhang Xue was one of the nine friends in the painting, these nine are Dong Qichang, Yang Wencong, Cheng Jiaxuan, Zhang Xuezeng, Bian Wenyu, Shao Mi, Li Liufang, Wang Shimin, and Wang Jian. The oldest is Dong Qichang, born in 1555 AD, according to age Dong Qichang Cheng Jiaxuan, Li Liufang, Bian Wenyu, Wang Shimin, Yang Wencong, Shao Mi, Wang Jian, known to be born and died is Wang Jian is the youngest, the youngest is also born in 1598. Only one Zhang Xue did not know the year of birth and death, but basically the next arbitrary conclusion can be concluded: born before 1600, this is basically determined.
First, Dong Qichang died in 1636 AD, and Dong Qichang's friends could not be less than about 40 years old, which is a high probability analysis; second, eight of these nine people were around Dong Qichang. Although Yang Wencong was a native of Guizhou, he moved to Jinling at the age of 24, it was in 1620 AD, and Dong Qichang was in Jiangnan at the time, in 1622, Dong Qichang went to Beijing to take up his post, in 1623 he returned to Jiangnan, and the following year, he went to Beijing again. In 1625, Dong Qichang was made the Shangshu of the Nanjing Rebbe, and his Jiuyou Group had the opportunity to travel; third, in the year of Shunzhi Jia, in 1654, Zhang Xue came to Suzhou to serve as the prefect. If you can go to Suzhou as a prefect for one or two decades, it is impossible to get the most expensive house in the world. Shen Shouzheng of the Ming Dynasty has a poem "Zhongyuan Lu Yasheng Zhang Erwei Luo Shang Zhi Zhao Shu Tong Hao Liu Er School Book", shi yun:
The high city is like water like oil, and the good moon opens the bottle to break the guest's sorrow.
Sandwiched famous flowers with dewy, recommended dead lights and miscellaneous star streams.
Fei Qian wanted to call Qing Hui down, changed his □ russia shock drum collection.
A generation of fluffy nothing to do, seeking to rejoice in the ninth and then ascend the stairs.
Chen Kangqi's "Lang Qianji Wen Chubi" volume 1 and 3 said: "Zhang Erwei Xuezeng, Shunzhi Jia went to Suzhou Taishou Ren at noon, Sun Beihai Chengze, Gong Xiaosheng Dingzi, Cao Qiuyue Rongsan, mr. Three, bid farewell to the capital gate, and each brought his famous deeds to enjoy." Zhang was praised by the "Ten Thousand Miles of the Yangtze River" out of the River, and the princes were envious, and they wanted to split and divide, and Zhang was embarrassed. Beihai set the cloud of ancient sentence drama: 'Cut the water of Wusong half of the river, annoy the Suzhou thorn intestines.' 'A desperate one.' "Cut the water of Wu Song and half of the river", this sentence is from Du Fu's "Drama Title Wang Zai Painting Landscape Drawing Song". And "annoyed Suzhou thorn history intestine", a sentence from Liu Yuxi's "Gift to Li Sikong Prostitute". The quotes are wonderful and the talent is visible.
Chen Kangqi remembered a story that in the year of Shunzhi Jia (1654 AD), Zhang Xue went to Suzhou to take up his post, and his three friends Sun Chengze, Gong Dingzi, and Cao Rong set up a banquet to send him off. Sun Chengze experienced the Ming, Dashun, and Qing, and changed his master three times. After ten years in the Qing court, he moved the capital to the imperial history of Zuo Du, and according to Sun Chengze's resume, he was at the deputy ministerial level at this time. The most important thing is that he is good at identifying books and paintings. He is the author of more than forty works such as "Gengzi Summer Record" and "Kyushu Landscape Examination", and is a very pervasive appraiser and collector; and Gong Dingzi's situation is similar to sun Chengze's, the three surnames of family slaves, Gong Dingxiao was ridiculed by the Qing Dynasty as "only a sinner of the Ming Dynasty, a rogue thief Yushi", a tired official Libu Shangshu, is also a very serious appraiser and collector; Cao Rongming Chongzhen during the reign of The Imperial History, after the Qing soldiers entered Beijing in the first year of the Reign of Qing Shunzhi, Shi Qing served as shuntian xuezheng and promoted to the right attendant of the household department. Similarly, he is also a very troubled appraiser, collector, and bibliophile.
Things are clustered in groups, people are divided into groups, and it can be inferred from Sun Chengze, Gong Dingzi, and Cao Rong that Zhang Xuezeng is also a similar figure: there is no difference in politics, but he is finely identified, good at collecting, and can also paint the landscape paintings of Cangxiu Ancient. On that day, the four of them each brought a collection of fine works and came to fight paintings, "Sun Beihai Chengze, Gong Xiaosheng Dingzi, Cao Qiuyue Rongsan, farewell to the dumen, each with their own famous deeds to play and enjoy." Zhang Xue once brought Jiang Guandao's "Ten Thousand Miles of the Yangtze River", which caused an uproar among the painters.
Jiang Guandao, known as Jiang Ginseng, was a native of Jiangnan in the Southern Song Dynasty. Growing up in landscapes, Shi Dongyuan, JuRan, and Zhao Shuqing participated in the "Fan Guo" painting method to create "pulling nails in the mud" and became a family of their own. Emperor Gaozong summoned him and entrusted him with the administration of Lin'an Province, but he did not expect to die of a violent illness, and people regretted that he had "not exhausted his talents". His heirloom works include the volume "A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains", the whole picture is "distant mountains and bushes, distant trees, thousands of miles away, the river travels in it." Short and long shore, high and low He peak, Pi Di Pi Feng, Pi Waterfall Pi Hong. Qinglan is open-minded, smokey and verdant, intermittent or continuous, and light and thick", which is a masterpiece of thick ink, far-reaching artistic conception, broad and profound, and humane "that is, the danqingmiao in the sea today, only the South Xujiang River runs through the road". On the painting there is the inscription of Ke Jiusi of the Yuan Dynasty: "Jiang Ginseng, Character Through the Tao, The True Traces of the Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains"; at the end of the volume, there are inscriptions such as Song Ren and Ming Dong Qichang.
The painting is full of trees, overlapping peaks, sometimes streams, sometimes valleys, and the scenery is continuous, with a winding path running through it. Jiang Ginseng uses a hard pen to outline the outline of the stone, which is quite powerful, and attaches great importance to the use of water, and draws on the technique of Mi Fu Ink Cloud Mountain, making the picture have the style of Jiangnan Water Town.
The picture "Distant mountains and bushes, distant trees, thousands of miles away, the river is in it." Short and long shore, high and low He peak, Pi Di Pi Feng, Pi Waterfall Pi Hong. Qinglan is suddenly open-minded, smokey and verdant, intermittent or continuous, and light and thick", which is a landscape painting with thick brush and ink, far-reaching artistic conception, and broad and profound. Jiang Ginseng made this picture, using the pen all the center, spinning and twisting, round and old spicy. The whole width is mostly inked, and only the water day is stained with snail green stains.
Why did Sun Beihai Chengze, Gong Xiaosheng Dingzi, Cao Qiuyue Rong, and Zhang Erweixue have collected? When the Ming Dynasty died, they were all in Beijing, and they actively searched for calligraphy, paintings, books, and ancient artifacts scattered from Ouchi, and friends saw them like this and helped them search for them. When they found it, they simply gave it to them, but most of them bought it for themselves. The Ming Dynasty Inner House and many private collections were scattered in the city due to the war, giving them the opportunity to collect these things, and many of their collections originated from the Ming Dynasty Inner House. Miao Quansun said: "The wealth of the Beijing collection, in the early Qing Dynasty, there was no one who retired from the valley. "The things inside are scattered among the people, and of course many of their own old treasures are scattered outside.
In Sun Chengze's "Records of Gengzi Pinxia", it is mentioned many times that he has hidden in the past: "The change of Jiashen is full of famous paintings, there are no Hao paintings alone, and one day I see those who come out of the old and defeated, and Hao paintings are in Yan." Jia Shen, Yu obtained four kinds of Han tablets from his hometown. Yu Qiu Guan Tong's painting is unobtainable, and he suddenly gets a frame within him, which has been destroyed and the painting body is not injured." Their personal fortunes have been criticized by public opinion.
Zhang Xue was the deputy gong of Chongzhen for the sixth year (1633), and the deputy gong passed the examination, but was not eligible to enter the temple examination. Zhang Xue was able to serve as the prefect of Suzhou, the first capital in the world, indicating that his resume was also unusual enough, and as the identity of the nine friends in his paintings, in the former Ming Dynasty, he must have been a person in the "Donglin" and "Fushe", and the Donglin Party members who scolded Yang Wenqiao were underground, what did Shi Zhi think? Zhang Xue was once one of the "Nine Friends in Painting", and in art, he was advocated by Dong Qichang and Wang Shimin to imitate the ancient, the pen and ink were subtle, the cangrun pine was beautiful, the thickness and elegance were thick and elegant, and the composition was less varied, and his ideas had a great influence in the Qing Dynasty.
Zhang Xue was very influential, and his artistic style was integrated with the mainstream genres of the time. Dong Qichang was the main literati painting, and the landscape master Dong Yuan was in and out of the Song and Yuan families. And Zhang Xue once liked to imitate the Yuanren pen, Cang Xiu was sparse and simple, Yan was not sweet, dry but not astringent. Cheng Zheng inscribed his painting cloud: "There are few people in this way, and those who have their solutions are only about an acquaintance, and they are poor enough and words, and they are no longer seen." "His landscape paintings, the style of Cang Xiu. Zhou Lianggong commented on Zhang Xue in the "Reading Picture Record": "Although there are six methods, there is no one method in the freehand book, and there is no other magic place, and there is no end. The author of the eye of the world, who is hindered by the law." "The gesture is empty, Tuna Beiyuan, not a yuan person." Zhang Xuezeng's painting style was well evaluated.
Zhang Xue worked on books and learned from Su Shi. Chongzhen Ten Years (1637) tried to write the "Qiuxing Poetic Intentions" volume, which was recorded in the "Catalogue of Imaginary Paintings". His works include Chongzhen's eleventh year (1638) volume of "Farewell Map", which is recorded in the second volume of the "Catalogue of the History of Chinese Painting"; the axis of "Chong'a Mao Tree Diagram" in the ninth year of Shunzhi (1652), the axis of "Imitation of Ni Zhan Landscape Map" in the thirteenth year (1656) and the "Imitation of the Landscape map of Ni Zhan" in the 12th year, which is stored in the Shanghai Museum. In the fourteenth year of Shunzhi (1657), he composed the "Poetry and Picture Scroll" and is still alive. Wu Weiye has a poem "Nine Friends poems in the painting", poem Yun:
Huating Shangshu tianren flow, ink flowers five colors of wind and clouds floating.
The supreme smiles at the gold cast, and the remnants of the cream remain the chicken forest to ask.
Too often the magic traces and silver hooks, the suburbs of Le hugged the high tang qiu.
Zhen Zai wants to sue the poor carving search, and the unclothed plate can forget the worries.
Whoever is his horseman Wang Lianzhou, the divine posture of the jade tree three mountains,
Swing everything in vientiane smoke.
Zun Yi peeled off the Shang Zhou and triumphantly exchanged it for a thousand gold coats.
Tanyuan wrote about the previous cultivation of The Danqing, and the rest of danqing pursued the camp hill.
In his lifetime, there are two boats of calligraphy and painting, and the lake and mountain resorts are flooded.
Aaron Bei held two spears and Phi Tu Chibi Si Cao Liu.
Drunken ink Hengjiang Lou, garlic mountain moon fell in the air.
Gu Su was too guarded by the monks, and asked about things without giving a second look.
The vibrating pen suddenly fluttered, and the paper was ten gods.
Songyuan poetry is clearly praised, and Mozhuang paints himself to return to tianyou.
A plough of yellow sea singing spring doves, flute upside down riding black oxen.
The flower niches are huge and thick, and the small spots are out of the forest pond.
In his later years, his pen power ling Cangzhou, and the banner crane hair light prince.
The wind and currents have been exhausted, and the pedantic habits of life are especially popular,
Servants snored wives and widows.
Thin as a yellow crane idle like a gull, smoke driving ink stained He Zengxiu.
Lu Xiuhui has a poem "Song for Zhang Erwei Learning", poem Yun:
At the end of the wither, I saw the phoenix,
After the chaos of the world, the immortal spirit.
All things are only urged not to tie the boat,
The fish-walking musk is in a good position.
Beauty Sleep Ann Zen Sheng Zhen Qin,
The pen is expensive.
What is the story of my family,
Kiyoru moon falls on the old group.
Scrap books and abandon the wind and moon is good,
Mountain temple idler elegant cloud.
The words are often bowed down,
Painting is difficult to divide with incense.
Fire warmth often laughs and has more than enough to say,
Lin Xiangsi people Yu Hanfen.