Author: Chen Erhu
First, eliminate Donghu
The grassland is the place that many people yearn for, "the sky is clear, the wild is vast, the wind blows the grass and the cattle and sheep are low", the blue sky, the endless green, the refreshing air, the bright sunshine, and the yurt, the horse's head, the eagle that fights in the sky, the horse that roars, the cow and the sheep that the camel bell.
Since ancient times, the Mongolian plateau has been a place where nomadic peoples have flourished, and peoples on horseback will always have heroes.
Mo Dun was the eldest son of the Xiongnu head Man Shan Yu and was early identified as Shan Yu's heir.
Later, Touman had a new Fu clan (empress, concubine meaning), and he bore a son.
The wind blowing from time to time on the pillow of this new beauty made Tou Man have the idea of abolishing the long and young, but there was no suitable reason.
To the west of the Xiongnu was the Yue clan state, which was relatively powerful at that time, so they sent Mo Dun as a hostage to the Yue clan, which was the best strategy for killing two eagles with one stone, one was to show weakness to the Yue clan, paralyze the other party, and wait for the opportunity to launch an attack; second, they could kill Mo Dun under the pretext of the hand of the Yue clan.
Mo Dun also knew that this was a lot of evil, but his father's fate was difficult to violate, so he had to go.
Not long after, Tou ManDan led his soldiers and horses to attack the Yue Clan, and when the Prepared Mao Dun took advantage of the Yue Clan's panic, he stole a fast horse and escaped back.
Touman Shan Yu thought that Mao Dun could return from the Yue Clan and was a heroic warrior, so he gave him 10,000 cavalry and told him to train hard.
After Mo Dun had the power of the army, he carefully trained these ten thousand men, and let the craftsmen create a kind of MingDi (Xiang Arrow), and said to his subordinates: "Whoever shoots the MingDi but does not know the shooter, cut it!" ”
Mao Dun led his men out to hunt, and The Song Di fired ten thousand arrows in unison, the birds and beasts were killed, and the slightly slow soldiers were executed.
Soon, Mo Dun deliberately shot Mingdi at one of his beloved BMWs, and many soldiers did not dare to follow the archery, and Mo Dun immediately executed them.
Not long after, Mo Dun shot Ming Di at one of his favorite Que clan (wives), and the people around him were terrified and did not dare to follow, and Mo Dun killed these people who did not shoot arrows.
Next, Mo Dun led his men out hunting, and specially shot at the BMW of his father Man Shan Yu, and rushed left and right to shoot and shoot at The Head Man's mount.
Seeing that his purpose had been achieved, Mouton began to attack his father.
The opportunity came, head to Manjon a piece of hunting.
Mao Dun took advantage of the fact that Touman chased after the prey, without defense, took out the singing dagger and shot at Touman, and the left and right relatives fired with ten thousand arrows, and Touman died instantly and was shot as a hedgehog.
It was by this cruel means that Mao Dun seized the throne of Shan Yu and became a generation of male lords.
Mo Dun became the Khan of the Xiongnu, and it was during the period when another nomadic donghu was strong, and the king of donghu heard that mo dun, the "unfilial son", had killed his father and ascended the throne, so he took advantage of the opportunity, so he sent an emissary to Mo Dun and said: I heard that your old man touman has a BMW thousand-mile pony, give it to me.
Mao Dun then summoned the ministers to ask for advice, and the ministers said that this thousand-mile pony was a national treasure of the Xiongnu, and that our head Mandan had only prospered and become strong since he had obtained this BMW, and that this horse was a good thing and should never be given to Dong Hu.
Mao Dun looked at the crowd and said quietly, "Dong Hu is a strong neighbor of our country, and getting along with Dong Hu in harmony is the most important thing, and the king of Dong Hu wants this horse, of course, he must give it to him!" ”
So, Mao Dun happily gave the BMW to Dong Hu.
Dong Hu saw it, thinking that this was Mo Dun's confession, so he sent someone to say to Mo Dun: I heard that your wife (Fu Shi) is beautiful, give it to me.
Mo Dun then summoned the ministers and said, "Dong Hu has sent someone to ask for my wife." ”
When the courtiers heard this, they were full of emotion and indignantly said, "Dong Hu deceived people so much that he even asked for Shan Yu's Que clan, please immediately issue an order, we will fight with Dong Hu." ”
Mao Dun smiled: "It is the best policy to have a good relationship with Dong Hu, it is not worth it to make a big move for a woman, I have more women, give it to him!" ”
Mo Dun obediently gave his wife to the King of Donghu.
The king of Donghu felt that the Xiongnu were weak and deceitful, and they were becoming more and more arrogant, so he sent people to put forward conditions: The buffer zone between our two countries, I want to use for grazing, and the land belongs to me.
Mo Dun summoned Wen Wu again to ask for advice.
The ministers of culture and military affairs felt that even the BMW and his wife had been given to others, and it was a complete waste, and the "no man's land" between the two countries was useless, and it was good to give it to others happily. They said one after another: "Since it is a barren land, it is useless to keep it, so for the sake of the harmonious coexistence of the two countries, give him a care." ”
Xu Zhi, as soon as he heard it, became angry and took the case: "Land is the foundation of the country, how can it be easily abandoned!" "Execute the ministers who advocated sending the land, and then Mao Dun gathered his troops and killed Dong Hu with a whole army."
Dong Hu, who had won several battles, had long since stopped taking the Xiongnu seriously, and had no precautions, the King of Dong Hu was drinking and drinking in his arms against the Que clan of Mao Dun, but he did not expect that the Mao Dun soldiers and horses seemed to descend from heaven, the King of Dong Hu became a ghost under the sword, all the vaults and tents of Dong Hu were destroyed, the population and livestock were taken captive, and only the remnant tribes fled in the wilderness (later evolved into Xianbei, Wuhuan, Khitan and Mongolia), and the once-powerful Dong Hu perished.
Second, fight with the Han Dynasty
Mao Dun took advantage of the hot iron, served the Hun, Ding Zero, and Mane Kun tribes in the north, defeated the Yue clan in the west, annexed the territory of the King of Lou Fu and the White Sheep King to the south, and recovered the Xiongnu land occupied by the Qin general Mengtian in the past, and then invaded Yan and Dai, so that Mo Dun became the overlord of the steppe, established the Liao River in the east, the western region (all countries in the western region were subject to the Xiongnu), reached Lake Baikal in the north, bordered the Yellow River in the south, unified the Xiongnu Dynasty of Zhuhu, and confronted the Han Dynasty in the Central Plains in the north and south, and the history said that "there is a powerful country with a bow in the north, and a state with a crown belt in the south", which is famous all over the world.
In the eyes of the Han chinese in the Central Plains, the Mao Dun who killed his father and wife seemed to be inferior to the beast, but in the eyes of the Xiongnu, the strong were the heroes.
In order to facilitate his rule, Mo Dundan created a "separation of powers" mode of rule suitable for the steppe, divided the huge steppe empire into three, ruled the central area of the empire (also the core area), the eastern part of the empire was ruled by the Left Xian King, the west was ruled by the Right Xian King, the three kings each established a royal court (capital), The King Court of Dadan Yu was initially in the hangai Mountain area, and later in order to avoid the attack of the Han Dynasty, the north retreated north to the vicinity of present-day Mongolia's Ulaanbaatar, and large-scale military operations were arranged by Shan Yu under unified command. Small-scale military activities and day-to-day affairs were handled by the Left and Right Wise Kings on their own, and there was no need to report to Shan Yu for instructions.
The Xiongnu called the heavens "ploughing the plough" and the sons "lonely tuss", so this "ploughing lonely tu" can be interpreted as "a leader as great as the son of heaven", that is, "the son of heaven".
The Xiongnu Shangzuo, with Zuo as the honor, was second only to Shan Yu in the position of King Zuoxian, and generally held the most proud son, which had the meaning of a crown prince.
At the time of the rise of Mo Dun, the Qia Han Dynasty was established, Liu Bang had just pacified the world, and fought with Xiang Yu Chu Han to win, and in the face of the aggressive Xiongnu in the north, he sent Han Wang Xin (this Han Xin was not the famous commander of the Han army, Han Xin, but another person of the same name, who was a descendant of the original Korean royal family, who stood on the side of Liu Bang during the Chu-Han struggle for hegemony, and was one of the kings with different surnames in the early Han Dynasty) to lead his men and horses into Taiyuan to defend against the Xiongnu.
It is said that this Liu Bang has the world, and he is not at ease with all the kings with different surnames, so he sent Han Xin to deal with the Xiongnu, which can be described as well-intentioned and two eagles: if he wins, even if he sells his second life for Liu Bang, if he loses the battle, he can cure his sins and eliminate a scourge.
When Han Xin arrived in Taiyuan, he saw that Taiyuan was not conducive to defending the Xiongnu, so he asked Liu Bang to move to Mayi.
As soon as Liu Bang heard this, he was happy, and this Mayi was in the area of present-day Shuozhou, Shanxi, closer to the Xiongnu, and he happily agreed.
When Han Xin arrived in Mayi, he repaired the city, stored war supplies, and trained soldiers.
In the autumn of 200 BC, when Han Xin's work began to bear fruit, the Xiongnu army rushed to kill and besiege Mayi.
Although this Mayi is not large, but the Xiongnu are good at cavalry field battles, rather than attacking the city and capturing the village, so they have not been able to capture it, and the Xiongnu are furious and increase the number of siege men and horses.
Han Xin saw that the situation was in crisis, Fei Shu was in a hurry, and at the same time took the strategy of slowing down the army, sending people to see the Xiongnu falsely claiming to surrender.
Liu Bang heard the news and sent reinforcements, who knew that when the reinforcements arrived in Taiyuan, they stopped advancing, and the general falsely accused Han Xin of plotting to rebel and surrender to the Xiongnu.
Liu Bang had always been uneasy about this Han Xin, so he sent someone to Mayi and asked Han Xin what he meant?
Han Xin couldn't help but be shocked, he was well aware of Liu Bang's personality and character, he had long been suspicious of himself, sooner or later he would have to attack himself, do not do anything twice, and simply turned against the Xiongnu.
Mao Dun was overjoyed, and with Han Xin as the guide, attacked Taiyuan.
When Liu Bang got the news, he was shocked and immediately decided to march in person.
In the winter and October of 200 BC, Liu Bang commanded an army of 320,000 men, braving the severe cold and rushing to kill them.
Han Xin had no intention of fighting, and as soon as he encountered Liu Bang's forwards, he retreated to Mayi.
When Mao Dun heard the news, he immediately ordered the soldiers and horses of the unified troops of the left and right Xianwang to rush to the aid, and the two sides clashed under the city of Jinyang (Taiyuan), the Han army was greatly captured, the Xiongnu soldiers and horses were defeated, and the Han army took advantage of the victory to pursue, captured a large number of livestock, and let Liu Bang float up.
The Xiongnu Mao Dun was very good at luring the enemy deeper, ambushing the elite soldiers, and deliberately exposing the weak soldiers and livestock, at first, Liu Bang was still relatively careful, sending people to inquire into the Xiongnu's falsehood.
The men sent back reported that the Huns were capable of attacking. Liu Bang was still a little uneasy, and sent a delicate Liu Jing to reconnoiter, Liu Jing returned and thought that this might be a strategy for the Xiongnu to lure the enemy deeper, and the Xiongnu would not be so weak, so it was better not to pursue. Liu Bang was not happy when he heard this, and reprimanded: "Qi Yu! To gain an official with his tongue is now to discourage our army! ”
Liu Bangzhi was overjoyed and wanted to build a thousand worldly deeds, so he packed up the Xiongnu, arrested Liu Jing, and urged the army to pursue them north.
The Han army of more than 300,000, most of them infantry, Liu Bang, who was eager for merit, personally led the cavalry to pursue the north, and soon reached Pingcheng, at this time, the infantry was far behind by the adventurous Liu Bang.
Arriving at Pingcheng, Liu Bang's men and horses were already at the end of the strong bow, and the people were trapped and lacking, just at this time, there were Xiongnu iron horses on all sides, and Mao Dun personally commanded them, which was unstoppable.
Liu Bang led his army to climb Baishan Mountain, northeast of Pingcheng, and held on to wait for help.
This white mountain climb is relatively steep, easy to defend and difficult to attack, and Mao Dun surrounded on all sides to surround and kill Liu Bang.
Liu Bang looked down from the mountain, saw the Xiongnu cavalry roaming the mountains, the west was full of white horses, the east was full of green horses, the south was all red horses, and the north was full of black horses.
The Xiongnu besieged for seven days and seven nights, the Han army ran out of food, facing the danger of annihilation, the soldiers lamented: "The disaster under the peaceful city is very bitter, there is no food for seven days, and you cannot bend the bow and crossbow." ”
Just at the most critical moment, Liu Bang has a capable person around him, who?
It is the legendary "think tank" Chen Ping, who has an affair with his sister-in-law, and his keen eyes inadvertently discover that Mo Dun's wife Da Fu shi and Mo Dun are marching side by side to command the army (nomadic women have a say).
Chen Ping,This kid came at once, his eyes blinked, his cleverness suddenly appeared, he came up with a bad idea to break the siege, and whispered something to Liu Bang.
Liu Bang followed the plan, and immediately sent someone with gold and silver jewelry to secretly go to see the Great Que Clan, and also pulled out a beautiful picture, falsely claiming that this beautiful baby was dedicated to the beauty of Mao Dun Shan Yu.
During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Yan Zhao Jiaowa was famous in the world at that time, and the northern nomads preferred this beautiful child with a chu chu style of Yan Zhao, and compared with the women of the nomadic people, they had a different and attractive style.
The Great Que Clan was immediately jealous, so he found Mou Dun Shan Yu and said, "The two lords are not trapped with each other, and now they have Han Land, and Shan Yu will not be able to live in the end." And the king of Han also has a god, and he can only observe it. ”
When Mo Dun listened, he took the advice of the Great Que clan and broke through the siege and let Liu Bang break out of the siege (it is said that before Mo Dun did not surround Liu Bang, he had met with two generals under Han Wang Xin, Wang Huang and Zhao Li, and came to meet here, besieged the Han army, and besieged for seven days, and the soldiers and horses of Wang Huang and Zhao Li did not arrive as promised, and Mao Dun suspected that these two people had secretly communicated with Liu Bang and would attack him, so he let Liu Bang have a way to live).
Soon after Liu Bang broke out, the Han Dynasty infantry also continued to arrive, and Mao Dun also led the troops away.
3. Prairie Heroes
Although Mo Dun released Liu Bang, his plan to retake the lost land did not change, and from time to time he sent troops to attack Dai County, Yanmen, and Yunzhong.
After Liu Bang returned, he immediately released Liu Jing, who advised him not to venture in, regretted not listening to Liu Jing's advice, and made Liu Jing the Marquis of Jianxin, with two thousand households.
Liu Bang saw that the Xiongnu were border troubles, so he asked Liu Jing for advice.
Liu Jing suggested "peace" with the Xiongnu and marrying the princess to Mao Dun, so that Mao Dun would become Liu Bang's son-in-law and transform Gange into a jade warrior.
Liu Bang agreed to this suggestion, but he was reluctant to give up his own daughter, so he chose a clan daughter to pretend to be a princess and give it to Mo Dun as his wife.
The princess is married, and of course this dowry cannot be less. Liu Jing sent an envoy to the Xiongnu, and agreed with Mo Dun to give a one-time gift of gold and a certain amount of cotton wool, silk, food, etc. to Mo Dun every year, and at the same time opened the guan city to allow the people of the two countries to trade.
In the second year of sending the "princess" out of the country, Liu Bang sent his close confidant Chen Feng to serve as the acting minister of state to defend against the Xiongnu. Unexpectedly, Chen Feng colluded with the Xiongnu to establish himself as the acting king, and Liu Bang, who was harmed, took great pains to calm down.
In 195 BC, Liu Bang died, and when He received the news, he wrote a letter to Liu Bang's wife, Lü Hou, who was in power, in which he said, "Your Majesty is independent, lives alone, and the two lords are not happy, and there is no way to worry." May all be given and nothing is gained. "The gist of it is: I have no wife, you have died husband, you and I are not happy, we are married and share happiness."
This letter was an insult and provocation to the mother of the Han Dynasty, and the Manchu Dynasty Wenwu was indignant.
The founding general Fan Duo took the initiative to ask Miao: "The subject wishes to get 100,000 elite troops and run rampant among the Xiongnu." ”
Ji Bu stood up and said: "We should pull this bragging Fan Duo out and behead him, when the Han army was 320,000, Fan Duo was a general, the Xiongnu surrounded Emperor Gao on Baishan Mountain, Fan Duo could not break the siege to save Emperor Gao from water and fire, but now he threatened to defeat the Xiongnu with 100,000, which is a public lie." ”
Lü Hou nodded silently, and this iron-fisted woman known for her strength wrote a reply to Mo Dun in her own handwriting, saying that she was "old and weak, her teeth fell, and her steps were out of step", and she had no intention of remarrying, but the policy of peace with the Xiongnu must be maintained and so on.
At this time, Mo Dundan's attention was mainly on running the Western Regions, so he did not dwell on it, but only demonstrated against the Han Dynasty.
Since then, although the Xiongnu iron horses have invaded the south from time to time, they have generally maintained a peaceful posture.
In 174 BC, a generation of overlords of the steppes, Mo Dundan, died.
It can be said that the Xiongnu Mao Dun Shan Yu, calling himself "the Xiongnu Da Shan Yu established by heaven", his pretentious dignity and great mind brought the most powerful shock wave to the Central Plains Dynasty, and the Xiongnu Mo Dun Shan Yu also became the first steppe hero.
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