Kalinga, Kalvinlka, Pali karavi^ka. It is also known as the Koropinga Bird, the Karmic Bird, the GalanPinga Bird, and the Kalinga Bird. It is slightly called The Kaling Bird, the Kalingian Bird, the Karma Bird, the Quail Bird, the Karma Spleen Bird, the Frequency Bird, and so on. It is translated as good sound bird, beautiful sound bird, and wonderful sound bird.
In the Dunhuang murals, there is a statue of a bird with a human head, the upper half of which is a human, the lower half of the body is a bird, the body resembles a crane, the legs are slender, the wings are double, and the head is a child or a bodhisattva. This kind of image shape of the bird's head is the most star-like and most beautiful and the best singing bird in Buddhist art, jialing pinjia, it is said that they live in the snowy mountains of the Himalayas, when they can sing a beautiful song in the eggshell, people who have heard it are full of praise.
The image of Kalinga in Thangka's works
When Shakyamuni was practicing in the Gion Jingsha, the Kaling birds were around them, singing and dancing, and the sound was extremely beautiful, and the "Kaling Frequency Song" played was also spread by Ananda around the Buddha, becoming one of the "Eight Musics of Linyi". There are many Buddhist stories in sutra paintings and Buddhist paintings, which have been depicted over generations and finally formed into symbolic compositions. For example, in the murals of Manjushri and Puxian Bodhisattva, there will be a marching band next to the lion and elephant, and Kalinga is among them.
Cave 25 of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes Guan Wuliangshou Sutra Transformation Mural Imitation Painting
Friends who have been to dunhuang Mogao Grottoes are not difficult to find that many of the murals in the caves have Jialing birds, including those who play flutes in flight, those who play horizontal flutes, those who play dongbula, those who play with instruments like Xinjiang Uyghur instruments, those who beat with their hands on the clapping board, and those who play pipa and ruan relative to the birds of common destiny.
Dunhuang Mogao Caves Cave 45 North Wall View Infinite Life Sutra Transformation Of the Society
In the middle of the north wall of Cave 45 of Mogao Caves, a map of the Elysium is drawn, with the Buddha in the center, surrounded by the saints listening to the Dharma, and on both sides are Guanyin, Dashizhi and the two great bodhisattvas sitting together. Behind the Buddha is a magnificent palace pavilion symbolizing the Elysium, connected by a corridor in the circumference of the hall, in front of which is a platform built on the Seven Treasures Pool, with a band of 7 people on the right, and the statue of Kalinga In the upper right corner behind it.
Cave 45 of Dunhuang Mogao Caves Sheng Tang Dynasty North Wall Jialing Pinjia statue
On the right, there is also the Jialing Pinjia Music Trick that is playing, and the other music tricks are focused, their plump faces are slightly fat, their expressions are very rich, they wear a flower crown, they wear a sky coat obliquely, their culottes are wide, and they play on a square carpet.
Dunhuang Mogao Caves 360 Caves In the Tang Dynasty, the Jialing Pinjia Trick Line Drawing in the Zaojing
The main chamber of Cave 360 of Mogao Cave is covered with a bucket roof, and the center is a curly lotus, the lotus heart is painted with Jialing Pinga, and Jialing Pinga embraces the curved lute, and spreads its wings to fly between caiyun Jialing Pinjia. Most of the Statues of Kalinga stand in front of or on either side of the band, while this Kalinga Bird Trick plays the lute in flight. This statue of Jialing Pinjia, holding a pipa in his left hand, playing in his right hand, combing his head in a high bun, and floating in the air with two sideburns and a long bun.
Cave 401 of Dunhuang Mogao Caves Top of Sui Dynasty Caves
The kalinga are recorded in many Buddhist scriptures, indicating that they come from Hindu mythology and Buddhist legends, and are half-human, half-bird divine birds, and are offered as music and dance before the Buddha. The sound of the Kalinga is one of the "victorious phases" of the Buddha, and is generally used as a metaphor for the sound of the Buddha's speech. According to Buddhist teachings, music and dance belong to the list of sound and color prohibitions, and are clearly stipulated in the precepts, but why is there so much rich music and dance content in the murals? There is a saying that because "a bodhisattva wants to purify the land of the Buddha, he seeks a good sound", and when sentient beings hear a good voice, their hearts will become "soft", and their hearts will be "soft" and they will easily accept the Buddha's teachings.
Cave 172 of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes Sheng Tang Guan WuLiang Shou Jing Chang Jia Ling Pin Jia Qi Le
This is also the reason why almost all of the more than 260 grottoes in Dunhuang have bands, musical instruments and song and dance performances on them. In addition, because whether it is the pure land realm or the secular world, it is necessary to use "trick music" to "worship the Buddha", that is, to use music to provide for the Buddha. Therefore, in the murals, there are often images such as Tiangong Trick Music, Flying Heaven Trick Music, Avatar Trick Music, Night Fork Trick Music, Bodhisattva Painting Trick Music, Story Painting Trick Music, And Sutra Painting Trick Music (including Jialing Pinjia Trick) and so on.
Cave 156 of Dunhuang Mogao Caves Late Tang Dynasty Amitabha Sutra Change Jia Ling Pin Jia Qi Le danced with the two boys
In fact, this is also a manifestation of symbolic means, Jialing Pinjia as the legendary human head bird body "Le Qi" in the Buddhist teachings, with its special image in the Dunhuang Sutra paintings, has been given a symbolic meaning, Jia Ling Pin jia symbolizes "Buddha", is the incarnation of the Buddha, so it emits "He ya yin" symbolizes the "Buddha sound".
Kalinga in the frescoes
All in all, the images of Jialing Bingjia and Music and Dance that appear on the Dunhuang murals are the intuitive expression of Buddhist teachings and concepts on the Dunhuang murals; the images of the Lifo Band, the Jialing Binga and the "Birds" on the murals of the Dunhuang Grottoes in the past are all driven by the psychology of the painters and the providers of the Buddha's spirit of the Elysium of the Afterlife, and through their behavior and religious concepts, the aesthetic ideals and pursuits of Buddhist musical aesthetics are embodied through Buddhist statues.
Dunhuang Mogao Caves 61 Caves Five Generations Jialing Pin Jiale Trick Line Drawing
The Kalinga holding the instrument
Source: Fan Hua Yi Nian