View of Xingdong Park
The term "protégé" probably evolved from "protégé". As early as the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius first opened a private school to give lectures, and his three thousand disciples all called themselves "Confucius disciples". By the qin and Han dynasties, some powerful families or Confucian masters called their disciples protégés, such as Yuan Shao at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, who was "a protégé who was a protégé all over the world".
In the Han Dynasty, the system of selecting officials was to raise filial piety, and the scholars entered the career through the recommendation of local officials, and the recommended state and county officials were called "lifting the lord", and the recommended sage became the "protégés" of the lord.
During the Tang and Song dynasties, as the imperial examination system matured, students who were promoted or entered the examination often became the "protégés" of the chief examiner. After the protégé is put on the list and determines that he has been lifted, he will take the initiative to go to see his master and deliver the "protégé thorn".
The so-called "protégé thorn" is a kind of "famous thorn", "famous thorn" is also called "famous post", equivalent to the current business card, the ancients went to visit relatives and friends, the master elders and even strangers will hand their own business card to each other, which is equivalent to the two people simply introduced themselves after meeting. This is very similar to the Filial Piety of the Han Dynasty, except that the scholar established a special teacher-student relationship with the chief examiner by passing the examination, which lasted until the abolition of the imperial examination system.
Xing Tong, as the leader of the Zuo literati of the Late Ming Dynasty, followed and admired many people, and many people even worshiped the disciples and became his protégés, the most representative of which were Xu Yongjing of Linyi, Zhang Geng of Nangong, Zhang Xin of Ye County, and Dai Lu, a servant of the family.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >, Xu Yongjing</h1>
Xu Yongjing, the word Mengyu, Linyi Cloth. Xu Yongjing's father, Xu Zhengle, was a county school student, and he died many times without taking the exam. Xu Yong respected the young and lonely, and his nature loved calligraphy, and his pen was extraordinary, but he could not succeed in his hard work, so he changed his learning to calligraphy and worshiped under Xing Dong.
After Xing Tong was accepted as a disciple, Xu Yongjing doubled his efforts, and his calligraphy used ancient scripts to enter the realm of Dacheng. The gentlemen of the jin were eager to be honored, and the good deeds of the four sides "hated not to allow the king to be a little bit", but Xu used to respect the wind and bones, and was not succumbed, and the place was called high price.
After Xu Yongjing became famous, yiya was good at traveling. Jiangnan poets such as Wang Shizhen, Li Weizhen, Feng Yuancheng, etc. are all known to him, and many famous people compete for friendship. Xu Yongjing is the name of Xing Dong, who has many titles in the book, and also always self-titled. He once said to people: "He who has a round and sharp bone can be discerned by himself."
In the nineteenth year of the Wanli Calendar (1591), Xing Tong was hired by Liu Chengzhong of ZhiXian County, Linyi County, to create the "Chronicle of Linyi County", and Xing Dong ordered Xu to write on the board with a jingyi, which shows Xing Dong's recognition of Xu Yongjing's calligraphy.
In addition, many of Xing Dong's stone carvings and inscriptions also belong to Xu Weishudan, such as "Rebuilding the Daxing Temple Stele", "Xingguo Temple Rebuilding the Buddhist Temple", "Xiaolian General Lingzhou Yang Cemetery Inscription", etc. are all written by Xing Dong, Xu Yong Jing Shudan.
Xing Tong once praised the use of respect in a letter to his friend Huang Kezhen, who was then the governor of Shandong, praising and honoring "not Xiao Mochi's faction, there is Yu Rongyan", which shows Xing Tong's affirmation of his calligraphy. Xu Yongjing was erudite in his later years and wrote two volumes of "Silk Orchid Pavilion Grass" in his home.
However, Xu Yongjing died at the age of fifty, leaving no blood. After Xu Yongjing's death, Li Ruoner composed the "Epitaph of Xu Shanren" for him. Unfortunately, no signed calligraphy has been seen.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > two, Zhang Geng</h1>
Zhang Geng, ZiwenXi, a native of Nangong County, Hebei. Young Yinghui was fond of learning, seventeen-year-old supplementary disciple, Knowledgeable and Strong, Through the History of all the sons involved in hunting, the seventh year of the Wanli Calendar (1579), the fourteenth year of the Wanli Calendar (1586) examination in the jinshi, the selection of the Shichi County Order, not completed, and then supplemented the City Order, Ren Ren thought that the country for the people had a heart, the law enforcement was not a good law, loved the people like a son, for several three years to be frugal and self-defensive, nicknamed "Ya Zhongzi".
Xing Tong and Zhang Geng became acquainted with The Nangong, and Xing Dong greatly appreciated Zhang Geng's talent and became a master of the family academy for several years in Linyi. "Marquis Ya Chonggong of Shixingyi, yan hired disciples and teachers, and stayed in Linyi for several years." Xing Tong also gave his sister Xu to Zhang Geng, and Zhang Geng did not resign, "When Fang Fang was coupled, Xing wanted to marry his sister, and the trustee used this italian language to be fair, and the justice was known: 'Xing Gong my parents, if you marry your sister, your parents will also do it, so it is the journey of animals and beasts.' 'Whoops, but he even resigned his request, xing public welfare and respect for the public. (Chronicle of Nangong County, vol. 10)"
During Xing Tong's tenure at Nangong, Zhang Geng compiled Xing Tong's articles into the Xing Jinshi Draft. After Xing Dong was promoted to inspector of imperial history, Zhang Geng took the manuscript and asked Gu Erxing of Xing Dong's year to write a preface.
Later, Zhang Geng's wife died due to accidental stumbling, and his wife's family insisted that it was caused by Zhang Geng's murder. The government has dragged on on the case again and again because it is unable to find out the truth, and it has not been resolved for a long time. In order to exonerate Zhang Geng, Xing Tong wrote letters to The Situation Shangjin, then the governor of Nangong County, Yin Yingyuan, the prefect of Zhending Province, and Song Shi, the inspector of Baoding, asking the three of them to find out the facts, participate in the school's love law, and justify Zhang Gengxue's wrongs.
Finally, with the help of Xing Tong, Zhang Geng finally snowed injustice. This incident played a key role in Xing Dong's relatives, Song Shi, and was later recorded in his epitaph: "Zhang Geng, a member of the Nangong Jinshi, mistakenly killed his wife." Up and down its form, two rational and indecisive, unresolved for a long time, public participation in the school situation law, for the snow and its vain. ("Ming Right Capital Imperial History Plain Song Shi Epitaph")"
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >3, Zhang Xin</h1>
Zhang Xin (1590-1658) character Jingzhi, Beihai. Wanli Eighteenth Year (1590) was born in Ye County, Shandong Province, his father Zhang Kongjiao, character Zhuowu, was a jinshi in the twenty-ninth year of the Wanli Calendar (1601), and an official to the Shaoqing of the Taichang Temple of the Fourth Translation Pavilion.
Zhang Xin was admitted to the Jinshi in the fifth year of the Apocalypse (1625), and was initially awarded the title of Xia Yizhi County, the head of the internal relocation official department, and the secretary of the Taichang Temple. In the early years of Chongzhen, he was relegated to the throne by trying things against the middle and noble. The peasant army besieged Laizhou, Zhang Xin advocated defending and defending, and donated thousands of gold for the first time to support military supplies. Find up, and transfer the Shangshu of the Punishment Department.
The world only knows that Zhang Xin was Xing Tong's protégé, and the specific details are not known, nor can they be recorded in historical records. The author found a record in the local chronicle "Zhi XiaoLu" compiled by Zhang Xin and mao Zhen himself:
"Mr. Shizuyuki's family is Qinghua, the name of the party is very gong Linchi, the teacher is a servant of the criminal son, and the grand sikou is recommended by the slip order." I headed towards the Kaifu Jinmen, returned to the forest at night, and ended with the life examination. All his life he likes to write, and he is elegant and elegant. There is no case left in the Zai Shui Yi case, the sentence is stable, and it is still regarded as a law by criminal masters. The Chronicle of the Daimyo Fu says that every word on its pieces of paper is precious. Yu was late in his advance, and did not exhaust the treasures of the Gongshi Room, but he read You Xia And the engraved Song and Yuan Ershi, the Guiwei Ricao, the Slippery Case Sea Chapter, and the Punishment Zi Wish All the posts were all orderly texts and sayings, and the talents of the Works of Xun were also written. ”
It can be seen from this that Zhang Xin worshiped Xing Tong as a teacher in the late Wanli period, Zhang Xin greatly admired Xing Dong's calligraphy, "quite profound", Xing Dong accepted Zhang Xin as an apprentice, the two began to communicate from the art of calligraphy, Xing Dong claimed that "our party has recovered a fast soldier, and it is not sleepy all night." ”
In the thirty-ninth year of the Wanli Calendar (1611), Xing Dongbei Song Juyan, Fang Zhengmo, and Lu Shibi, lined up with the "Right Army Frost And Cold Post" and signed a text, which was given to his protégé Zhang Xin. Xing Dong Bao:
"Jin Kai Jinsheng, the so-called iron painting silver hook also, the next solution is Tang Chu Yu Chu, small belt posture charming." Yu Linjin only got Tang Yi, and the conscripts only bought wang to get sheep ears. It is a daily use of Song Juyan, Fang Zheng ink, Lu's pen, but the book is astringent as the sand fish in the East China Sea, and it is even impossible to do its best. On the other day, I bought goguryeo thin paper, wrote it first and then paid it to people, and Shu Ji did not live up to his generous intentions. Jibei Xing Dong Ji. Zhang Xin also said: "This gentleman Xinhai Nianshu is left in the book, and the pen is also covered." There are several copies of Mr. Linjin Theuu Most of the capitals are lined with rivers, and this is the year of the end of the skill, the myths are longitudinal, straight and parted with The Mountain In. In the past, people ridiculed the truth, saying that there were more than one steps and insufficient self-transportation, and this was the restoration of the Han official Weiyi, not the fenyang barrier alone. Jiujing can be a right army, and should put its arms into the forest. Doorman Zhang Xin question. ”
After Xing Tong's death, Zhang Xin paid special attention to collecting Xing Tong's calligraphy works, and in the autumn of the forty-seventh year of the Wanli Calendar (1619), Zhang Xinguan Xing Dong wrote the remnants of Taishan, with a text:
"Mr. Shugu City Monument, the World's Most Cherished "Holy Religion" and "Cloud Dragon". In this book, the remnants of Taishan are exaggerated, the dragon is soaring and stable, and the abruptness is abrupt, and it is clear in the blue micro. Is it not possible for the whole leopard to be overwhelmed by the Dai Ling? Hate to ask. Wanli has not yet seasoned autumn Beihai Zhang Xinbao. ”
In order to fulfill the friendship between teachers and students, Zhang Xin also collected Xing Tong's calligraphy in his later years and engraved a volume of "True Deeds of Birds", but unfortunately it has been lost today, and only the Bibliographic Bibliography of "Xing's Family Ride" Han Mozhi exists.
After the Qing army entered the customs, luo Yangsheng, the governor of Tianjin, recommended him, Zhang Xin appointed the left attendant of the army, and the right deputy capital Yushi to patrol Tianjin. In the fourth year of Shunzhi (1647), he was demoted to the second level due to an incident, and later caused illness. Shunzhi died in the fifteenth year (1658), died in the sixty-fifth year of his life, and was buried in the north of the city. He is the author of "Sanyunguan Poetry Grass" and "Diary of Returning to The Siege".
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >4, Dai Lu</h1>
Dai Lu, Xing Dong's servant. Strictly speaking, it is not counted as a protégé, but Dai Lushan's calligraphy, the study of the six books, and the Zizhi book are often chaotic and often ghostwritten. Wang Shichen, a famous poet and literary leader of the New City in the early Qing Dynasty, once recorded: "The Xing and Han families had a good marriage, and when they were young, they often saw the names of the signed children between the barriers, and they wore books. (Chibei Even Talk, vol. XIII)
In the nineteenth year of the Wanli Calendar (1591), Xing Tong was hired by Liu Chengzhong of ZhiXian County, Linyi County, to create the "Linyi County Chronicle", and Xing Dong ordered Xu to write on the board with Jingyi and Dai Lu to transcribe, and jointly participated in the creation and repair of the Zhishu, which shows Xing Tong's promotion of protégés.
About author:Qiao Mingde, a young ming history research enthusiast in Linyi.