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Sun Yat-sen built and funded Chen Jiongming's Guangdong Army
On June 1, 1918, Sun Yat-sen, who presided over the Dharma Protection Movement in Guangzhou, was forced by the Gui warlord Lu Rongting and the Dian warlord Tang Jiyao to resign as a grand marshal of the military government and leave Guangzhou for Shanghai. At that time, Cheng Biguang, the commander-in-chief of the navy who supported Sun Yat-sen, had been assassinated by Lu Rongting, and the last force sun could grasp was Chen Jiongming's 20,000 Cantonese troops.
▲Zhu Qinglan, governor of Guangdong Province
At first, Zhu Qinglan, the governor of Guangdong Province who supported Sun Yat-sen, was forced to resign, but before leaving, he gave all 5,000 people from 20 battalions of the guard army under his command to Sun Yat-sen, and this unit later developed into Chen Jiongming's Guangdong Army, but under the exclusion of the Yunnan-Gui warlords, it was impossible to gain a foothold in Guangdong, and eventually was forced to go to northern Fujian to garrison, with no food, thanks to Sun Yat-sen's efforts to raise money, to ensure that this unit was not starved and scattered.
▲ Commander of the Cantonese Army, Chen Jiongming
The rebellion was about to shell sun Yat-sen's Grand Marshal's Palace
In July 1920, Chen Jiongming's troops returned to Guangdong on The orders of Sun Yat-sen and, with the support of the masses from all walks of life, crushed the Yunnan-Guizhou army that was entrenched in various places; on November 29, Dr. Sun Yat-sen also returned from Shanghai, established a new revolutionary regime in Guangzhou, and officially assumed the presidency.
▲The ruins of Sun Yat-sen's Grand Marshal's Mansion
With a solid territory and military support, Sun Yat-sen immediately began to arrange the Northern Expedition. In June 1922, just as the Northern Expedition was victorious, Chen Jiongming's troops suddenly returned from the front line and shelled the presidential palace, forcing Sun Yat-sen to avoid the warship "Yongfeng" (later the "Zhongshan" ship) overnight. Then, why did Chen Jiongming and the Yue army that Sun Yat-sen single-handedly supported and cultivated suddenly turn against and rebel?
▲ Sun Yat-sen, the forerunner of the revolution
First of all, Chen Jiongming is essentially a warlord. Although he followed Sun Yat-sen, he was still a feudal warlord who was known for his territory, and when he regained the territory of Guangzhou and concurrently served as the governor of Guangdong Province, he was bent on preserving his strength and consolidating his own territory, so at the beginning of the Northern Expedition, he tried every means to obstruct it on the grounds of "protecting the border and the people", and later simply colluded with the warlord leaders of the direct line in the north, Cao Kun and Wu Peifu, and secretly accepted the appointment of his two Guangdong inspectors, not only hoping to continue to control Guangdong Province, but also wanting to invade Guangxi.
Second, chen jiongming was blindly tolerated within the revolutionary regime. Before Chen Jiongming and his subordinates rebelled, there were already various signs. Some people around Sun Yat-sen suggested that Chen's army must be dealt with before the Northern Expedition and the rear should be stabilized; but more people thought that Chen Jiongming was just complaining, fearing that acting first would irritate him. In the end, Sun Yat-sen only dismissed Chen from the posts of governor of Guangdong Province and commander-in-chief of the Guangdong Army, but the post of Minister of War of the Revolutionary Government of Guangzhou remained, and tens of thousands of Cantonese troops were still under his command, leaving the curse of the future.
▲ Deng Hao, chief of staff of the Cantonese Army
In the end, the strength of the Cantonese army to support Sun Yat-sen was seriously damaged. Deng Hao was Chen Jiongming's chief of staff, and at the same time concurrently served as the commander of the 1st Division of the Guangdong Army, and participated in the battles of the Huanghuagang Uprising in Guangzhou, the restoration of Huizhou, the crusade against Yuan Shikai, the expulsion of Long Jiguang, and the unification of Guangdong. At the same time, Deng Hao was also an important military assistant of Sun Yat-sen, and always advocated that "Chen (Jiongming) should obey Sun (Zhongshan) and Sun should be heavily responsible for Chen", and tried his best to mediate between the two, but he was assassinated in March 1922, and without Deng Hao's restraint, Chen Jiongming was even more fearless and could commit rebellion at all costs.