"The Biography of the Painter" ~ 247th
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Dong Qichang's student Wang Shimin, the head of the Six Qing Families, Guiguan Mendi, first of all, please lower the Qing people! </h1>
Text/Lu Xiuhui
Wang Shimin (1592-1680), real name Wang Zanyu, Zi Xunzhi, numbered smokers, also known as even harmonic Daoists, late Xilu old man, Nanzhi suzhou capital Taicang people.
Wang Shimin was a calligrapher and painter in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and can be said to be an orthodox Chinese literati aristocratic family who is a poet and a calligrapher. Wang Shimin's grandfather was Wang Xijue (王西爵), a jinshi (進士) and the first assistant (第伯) during the Wanli Dynasty.
Wang Shimin's uncle and grandfather were called Wang Dingjue, the ninth jinshi, and the deputy envoy of the official to Henan Tixue. He is a man of good charity and is known as a king and a bodhisattva in Taicang. Wang Heng studied with his uncle as a teenager and loved drama and was also deeply influenced by his uncle.
Wang Shimin's father was called Wang Heng, Wang Heng in order to avoid the suspicion of Wang Xijue's first assistant, and when his father gave his career, Wang Heng, who was already forty years old, in order to prove himself, re-entered the examination room and made a high school ranking. For a time, the father and son's two lists were passed down as a good story. Wang Heng is the author of "The Collection of Mountains", etc., and at the same time he is also a famous artist of Southern Opera in the Ming Dynasty, and has written famous miscellaneous dramas such as "Yulun Robe", "True Puppet", and "Helpless". Poetry and calligraphy were famous at the time.
Wang Shimin had three brothers, the youngest of whom. His next generation, with nine brothers, has no weak soldiers under the strong generals. Wang Ting, an official to zhongshu sheren. There are "Shicun of the Reduction of the Temple", "Collection of Not Blind", "Collection of Departure from Sorrow", etc.; Wang Yu, the twelfth year of Qing Shunzhi. There is the "ZhiShu Collection". He had a son, Wang Yuanqi( 王撰), who wrote the Three Yu Collections, sui'an poems, and Wuyi Gong poems; Wang Zhi, GongSheng, Wang Shu, and Sheng. There are "Jian'an Collection", "Chao Song Collection", "Shunhuazhuang", "ChipBianlou", "Haoqi Yin", etc.; Wang Fu, Gongsheng; Wang Yu, author of "Step Eaves Collection" and "Luzhong Collection"; Wang Tuan, Kangxi Nine-year Jinshi, official to Wenyuange University scholar. There are "Xitian Collection", "Xitian Poetry Collection", "Overview Collection"; Wang Wei, Kangxi Sixteen Years Raised People, Guan Taiyuan Fu Tongzhi.
It is not an exaggeration to praise this family by going out of the high door. Wang Shimin was brilliant in literature, but instead of taking the road that had pit countless people, he took a through train. Because of his grandfather's outstanding merits, he was allowed to obtain an official position without passing the imperial examination according to the regulations, and at the age of twenty-four, Wang Shimin became Shang Baocheng (尚宝丞), responsible for managing the emperor's seal, and later promoted to the rank of Shaoqing of Taichang Temple, in charge of the ritual music of the Zong Temple, and still in charge of Shang Baosi.
In the "Records of Paintings of the National Dynasty", It is said that Wang Shimin: "The posture is different, the flooded museum, the work poetry, the good calligraphy, especially longer than the eight points, and the painting has a special offer." When he was a teenager serving his grandfather Wang Xijue, he met his grandfather's student Dong Qichang. Dong Qichang and the Wang family are family friends, with three generations of origin from the Wang family. Wang Xijue is Dong Qichang's teacher, and Wang Heng is Dong Qichang's close friend. Wang Heng and Dong Qichang were the same person in the township examination, Wang Heng was Xie Yuan, and Dong was the third. When Wang Xijue was the first assistant minister, Wang Heng gave up the scientific expedition to avoid suspicion. When he made friends with Wang Shimin, his grandfather asked Dong Qichang to guide him to learn calligraphy and painting, and Wang Shimin became Dong Qichang's proud protégé.
Wang Shimin was the first assistant because of his grandfather Gui, and according to the regulations, he was allowed to shade the official. Meng guan is due to the outstanding merits of the ancestors, and the descendants can inherit them without scientific examination. At the age of 24, Wang Shimin became Shang Bao Cheng (尚宝丞), the official who managed the emperor's seal, and later promoted to Shaoqing (Zhangzong Temple Ritual Music) of Taichang Temple, and still managed Shang Baosi. During the period when he was an official, his main energy was caught up in party strife. At that time, Wen Tiren's cabinet was fighting with the Fushe and Donglin Party members quite fiercely. Wen Tiren represents the interests of the "Zhejiang Party" and is keen on power. Wang Shimin sided with the Fushe and Donglin party members. The so-called "clear stream" will also mislead the country. Although there are many reasons for the death of the Ming Dynasty, it is difficult to escape the blame for the party struggle. Behind them, standing are their respective interest groups.
He was ordered to inspect the Feudal Domain in Shandong, Huguang, Jiangxi, and Fujian, and saw some famous mountains and rivers and saw some famous paintings. Later generations accused him of landscape as a rendition of landscape. Don't you know that in contemporary times, it has long evolved into a photographic landscape? After resigning from the government in the fifth year of Chongzhen (1632), he lived in the West Field Villa in Taicang and devoted himself to the study and creation of painting.
In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, Li Zicheng entered the capital, followed by the Qing army entering the customs, and on June 28, 1645, he submitted to the Leader of the Qing Army, Zhang Tianfu. When Xu Shufan of Taicang Prefecture heard the wind and fled, Zhang Tianfu led tens of thousands of Qing troops into Taicang. The Qing court commissioned Zhou Quan as a consolation officer, and the Taicang township soldiers spontaneously arched the city gate to guard the soldiers, and went to the outskirts of the city to wait for the Qing army to enter the city.
Wang Shimin's influence in Taicang was very large, and his political stance would have a great effect on Taicang, and he remembered that his family's descendants were small, and after consulting with Wu Meicun and several other townspeople, he decided to submit. The first thing Wang Shimin did was to shave his head, take the initiative to shave off the hair on his forehead, and keep braids. At that time, the Jiangnan region resisted the "Razor Order" and did not hesitate to fight with their lives, and the "Three Massacres of Jiading" was one of the most tragic stories.
Wang Shimin was particularly fond of his eighth son, Wang Tuan, and his grandson Wang Yuanqi were the same age. In the ninth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1670), both of them entered high school at the age of 20, and when the good news arrived, the great scholar Wu Meicun was present, and he jokingly said to Wang Shimin: "Is it the Qingke under your family who is reporting?" Wang Shimin was greatly surprised and asked rhetorically. Wu Meicun said: "QingKe is good at worrying about the master's heart, in order to skillfully follow the favor and let the master do everything as he pleases, is it deliberately announcing good news?" Wang Shimin listened to the laughter, and his self-satisfaction was overflowing with words.
Wang Shimin was a rich and noble family in Taicang, and his father Wang Heng died in front of his grandfather Wang Xijue, who left most of his family property to this beloved grandson. The Wang family has been reading for generations, and the family has a rich collection of ancient books and famous paintings, and most of them are famous, which has a profound impact on him. His body has been poor since he was a child, and Wang Shimin uses these works of art to self-regulate his mood, and his body gradually improves.
Wang Shimin traveled the world, and Dong Qichang, Chen Jiru, and Qian Qianyi all had deep friendships with him and often returned to each other. Once, his student Wang Shigu held his own "Autumn Mountain Mangrove Tree Map" and visited Wang Shimin, and after Wang Shimin watched it, he was full of praise and wanted to leave this painting. Wang Shigu himself is also very proud, has a "hate marriage heart", refuses to cut love, Wang Shigu is Wang Yi. Wang Shimin's inscription on his painting says: "Although this picture of Shigu imitates a mountain tree, the pen is all based on the right side." Therefore, the wind and bone are highly curious, beyond the specifications of the mountain tree. The Spring Festival Gala is over, with it to see, Yu is wanted to stay, knowing that its meaning is quite self-cherishing, can not bear to take it, every time it is afraid. Yu Shifang was bitter, and after this full day, Huo Ran lost his illness, and the first person who knew the past was healed, and the good was not vain. The day after the rain in the Gengpeng Valley, the old man of Silu, Wang Shimin question. "Even the cough was fine. Calligraphy and painting cure diseases, and it is not a lie to believe in this. He said in "Stone Valley for the King of Yu Mountain":
The scenery of Jiangnan belongs to the Qinchuan River, and the painter pushes the Junzhi Duxuan.
Every time the chisi refers to the cross-sentence, the clear standard really has a peak transmission.
The hills in the chest look at my generation, and the smoke at the bottom of the pen envies the youth.
He Ri Qiulin rode together, sucking Hao idle Pan Shang Lake boat.
Qian Qianyi's master learned from Wang Shimin's grandfather Wang Xijue, and Qian Qianyi's father was friendly with Wang Shimin's father, Wang Heng. Wang Shimin's fifth son, Wang Shu, and his seventh son, Wang Shu, learned from Qian Qianyi. In the winter of the second year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1663), that is, the year before Qian Qianyi's death, he wrote the famous group of poems "Sick Bed Cold Miscellaneous Songs" in the boredom of the sick bed, of which the ninth poem was attached to the "Reply to the King's Smoker Book" in the "Supplement to the Collection of Literature and Banknotes of the Muzhai Youxue Collection", entitled "Cold Night Lying Sick Huai Wang Smoker Feng Chang", poem Yun:
The sound is not as close as the words, and the chaos is white and sinks.
Spring floating jingshe camp hall axe, east wall high-rise bundle Chu salary.
The more the new book zhengwan committee, the ancient character of the Qin monument visited the riverside.
Scab-loving and hard-working king smokers, plucked from the lead ten fingers.
Wang Shimin is relatively conservative in art, under the guidance of Dong Qichang, he embarked on the road of imitation of the ancient from an early age, and in the continuous accumulation and study of the future, he gradually formed the principle of his ideological theory, that is, "imitation of the ancient is the highest principle of painting". Most of his works are similar in appearance and less innovative, and he once confessed: "Painting has declined, ancient laws have gradually disappeared, people have come up with new ideas, and fallacies have spread, so that evil and evil are irreparable." It can be seen that he vigorously advocates the restoration of the ancient law and opposes self-renewal without changing the original intention.
He vigorously pursues the ancient law, deliberately teaches the ancients, and paints all of them without the essence of the ancients. The paintings of the ancient masters are very similar in shape and style, but they are different from the artistic conception of the ancients, which is mainly due to the difference in their spiritual temperament. When Wang Shimin mastered the brushwork of the ancients, he was more rigorous, more serious, and more disciplined, and his paintings were relatively rigid, but there was also his ingenuity. Wang Shimin brought the ancient style of landscape painting in the early Qing Dynasty to the extreme. Although his "Landscape" fan is an ancient work, it can gather the strengths of all the families, blend into one, and paint very flavorfully.
Together with Wang Jian, Wang Yi, and Wang Yuanqi, he was called the Four Kings, and together with Yun Shouping and Wu Li, he was called the "Qing Liujia". Wang Jian, one of the "Four Kings", was only seven years younger than him and was his nephew. Wang Yuanqi, one of the "Four Kings", is his grandson. Wang Yi, one of the "Four Kings", was his student. Wu Li in the "Qing Liujia" was also his student. As for Yun Nantian, he was 58 years old at the time of his death. His son was only 5 years old at the time, and even the coffin could not be purchased, and it was Wang Yi and others who paid for Yun Nantian to take care of the aftermath.
Wang Shimin's calligraphy was obscured by the name of the painting, and he opened the Qing Dynasty Lishu style first, and Zhu Yizun and Zheng Qi were called "The Three Li of the Early Qing Dynasty", which showed the influence of calligraphy at that time. His Lishu was greatly influenced by the "Zen Stele" and "Xia Chengbei", with a round body, a steady and steady vigor, and a profound appearance, and finally broke the pattern of the Ming Dynasty Lishu not advocating decadence.
Lu Xiuhui has a poem "Sigh King Smoker", shiyun:
Rich family hairpin room,
Please stop and hesitate.
Qiankun scratched his head,
Rong Xian Ge Ju.
Window white Wuji home,
Sigh of the past.
The perch is still,
Why bother with ruins.
Life has its own tricks,
Nothing is too much to blow.
Fei Hua Asked,
Don't want to break the ditch.
Leaning on the perilous length,
Calligraphy and painting are nothing.
Inscription poem Call gull heron,
Weeping co-bottle.
Although he is a loose person,
Discipline should be known.
Yusheng stomper,
Shame on the old as.