Where exactly is Zhuangzi who wrote about the getaway

Zhao Hanqing Liu Xinhua

Zhuangzi was a great philosopher in the pre-Qin period of China. In the spring and autumn warring states, when a hundred flowers bloomed, he looked bright and dazzling, and he was radiant. Among the hundreds of sons, he is a strange flower, and his words are extraordinary, which makes people feel enlightened.

Where is Zhuangzi from? The answer to this question was first found in Sima Qian's "History of Lao Tzu Han Fei Lie": "Zhuangzi, the Mongols, the ming Zhou." Zhou Yi was an official of the Mengqi Garden, at the same time as King Hui of Liang and King Xuan of Qi. Where is the "Mong" here? What is the "Meng" and "Lacquer Garden" in Zhuangzi's hometown? Academia is sore on this issue. Because the ancients wrote articles like gold, they were known for their concise use of words, resulting in disagreement among today's people and divergent opinions.

Some people believe that the current Anhui Mengcheng, known as "Shansang, Beizun, Ancient Lacquer Garden", changed its name to Mengcheng since the Tang Dynasty Tianbao years, but the "Mengcheng" of Mengcheng has a long history. They believe that it is not well known and has historical evidence. Southern Dynasty Song Luobi's "Road History" Yun: "Pan Geng moved from The Northern Tomb; the Northern Tomb, Mengye." The Jiajing Shouzhou Chronicle also records that Qianlong's Yingzhou Fuzhi (英州府志) "Qiyuan City, in the county of Hebei Sanli, that is, the old Mengcheng City; Zhuangzi is here for the Lacquer Garden Official."

There is no shortage of opponents, who look for answers from the Sui Shu Geographical Chronicle under "Shansang". The Book of Sui and Geography records: "Later Tao set up Woyang County, and then set up Yu County, Liang changed Vortex Prefecture to West Xuzhou, Eastern Wei changed Yue Prefecture to Yue Prefecture, Kaihuang Chu County was abolished, sixteen years to WoZhou was changed to Feishui, Daye ChuZhou was abolished, and the county was changed to Shansang." It was also placed in Northern Xin'an County, Eastern Wei was relocated to Meng County, Later Qi Abandoned County was placed in Meng County, and later set up County, and the emperor abolished the county at the beginning of the emperor. Liang placed Yangxia County, and Eastern Wei was abolished. They believe that the above quotation seems to be "Shansang" (later Mengcheng) was also once called "Meng". In fact, the Sui Shu Geographical Chronicle refers to the construction history of the three regions within the "Shu Prefecture" (during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the prefecture was under the jurisdiction of the county, and the county was under the jurisdiction of the county), of which the changes of Woyang, Feishui, and Shansang belonged to the present-day Mengcheng, while the Northern Xin'an, Mengjun, and Mengxian still belonged to the present-day Shangqiu. He also believes that "Liang County, Shoucheng" (present-day Shangqiu) Zhuyun: "Liang placed in the north of Xin'an County, looking for waste", which is the explanation of the above and the explanation of care, which is derived from this, as late as the Sui Dynasty, the present-day Mengcheng was never stained with the word "Meng".

The more popular theory among Tang Dynasty scholars is that Zhuangzi was born in Caozhou, Shandong. Li Tai et al.'s "ZhidiZhi And Wronged County" says: "The ancient city of Qiyuan is in the northern seventeen miles of Caozhou's Unjust County, and Zhuang Zhou is the official of Qiyuan County, that is. Zhang Shoujie also quoted this record in the "History of Justice" and said: "According to: its place belonged to Mengxian County in ancient times. The poet Li Baiju Donglu said in his poem "Gift from Brother Xian": "Live in the lacquer garden for a long time, and bid farewell to The West of Xianyang for a long time." "Here it is explained that tang dynasty scholars all regarded Caozhou Lacquer Garden as the place where Zhuangzi was an official. This view has been influential in modern times and even today. If the "Mongolia" of Caozhou and Henan is regarded as "ancient Mengxian County", it can still be said, but whether the two can be linked together is more far-fetched, at least there is no material to support it.

The Song Dynasty scholar Zhu Xi made a more systematic study of Zhuangzi's hometown. The Zhuzi Language Class says: "Li Mengxian asked: 'Zhuangzi Mencius at the same time, why don't they meet?'" And don't hear the Tao, how? "Zhuangzi also had no one to teach at that time, he only talked to himself in a remote place, but it was only Yang Zhu's study." But Yang's words were too big, so Mencius tried to exclude it'. "Zhuangzi is not far from Mencius, and those who are inferior to Mencius are also unheard of." The Ming Dao Palace in present-day Bozhou is the place where Lao Tzu was born. Zhuangzi was born in Mongolia, and between Huaixi, Mencius only traveled to Qi, Song, Zou, and Lu, so that Liang stopped and did not go south. "In Zhu Xi's view, Zhuangzi was a Mongolian from the Chu state." Huaixi " refers to the area around northern Anhui, eastern Henan, and the north bank of the Huai River, and the city of Mengcheng in Anhui belongs to Chu and is also in this position.

Mengcheng is one of the sayings in Zhuangzi's hometown. The reason is first of all the records of the historical record, followed by the Zhuangzi Ancestral Hall as evidence. The Ancestral Hall of Zhuangzi in Mengcheng was built in the Song Dynasty, and Su Dongpo wrote the "Record" for it: "Zhuangzi people, Mongolian people also, taste as Mengqi garden officials." Those who are not more than a thousand years old and have not yet been worshipped, the county order and secretary Wang Jing began to make a shrine, asking for literature to remember. ”

Li Shifang, a scholar of the Ming Dynasty, advocated that Zhuangzi's hometown of Mengcheng, Anhui, say that his research did not have much novelty and insights, but only defended the views of Wang Anshi and Su Shi. But he objected to the claim that Zhuangzi was from Caozhou, Shandong. When it comes to the views of Su Shi and Wang Anshi, some scholars hold extremely strong opposition. Strictly speaking, Su and Wang held that "Zhuang Zhou's hometown for Mengcheng, Anhui" is not a little evidence, but Su Shi once wrote a stele for the Zhuangzi Ancestral Hall built by Anhui Mengcheng during the Song Dynasty, that is, the famous "Zhuangzi Ancestral Hall Record", and contemporary scholar Liu Wengang believes that Su Shi's inscription is a social work of "seeking literature to remember", not a reference article, Su Shi just used this to exert his admiration and praise for Zhuangzi, and for whether Anhui Mengcheng is Zhuang Zhou's hometown, he "does not say a word" in the inscription. It can be seen that it is still more prudent." Wang Anshi wrote a poem "Qingyantang Poems in Mengcheng", the most famous four of which are "The new stele of Qingyan is obtained from Meng, and the chant is like coming to this hall." The official Wu Tian Jia was angry at that time, and the people had the style of Zhuang Zhou's later life. With two sentences in a poem, even if the person who wrote the poem is famous, in the eyes of some scholars, it is not enough to show that Zhuang Zhou's hometown is Mengcheng. This one says.

Where is Zhuangzi? Yu believes that the "Historical Record" records Zhuangzi as a "Mongolian" person, and the Book of Han lists "Mengxian" in the "Liang Kingdom". Then, whether today's Mengcheng was called "Meng" in the Han Dynasty, and whether it belonged to the "Liang Kingdom", to clarify this problem, Zhuangzi's hometown disputes will be easily resolved. The "Liang State" of the Han Dynasty was originally the "Yan Commandery" of Qin, which is the area around present-day Shangqiu in Henan and Zhongshan in Anhui. Its territorial scope includes both the "Xiaomeng" in the northeast of Shangqiu and the "Great Meng" in the southeast of Shangqiu, and the State of Liang was once the fiefdom of King Xiao of Han Liang, "King Xiao of Liang was good at creating a palace garden to communicate with guests", and built "Liang Garden" in Shangqiu. Xiaomeng is close to the merchants, although there is a "Liang Garden", but there is no "Lacquer Garden", Dameng is remote, but it is known as "Lacquer Garden", which shows that Sima Qian's "Meng" should be "Da Meng" instead of "Xiao Meng". The territory of "Dameng" was originally very vast, dozens of miles north of the Northwest Frontier Dayan River Ji (present-day Woyang), straight to the junction of Present-day Henan and Anhui, only more than a hundred miles away from Shangqiu. With the changes of history, after several times of integration, there have been changes in the history of construction, but no matter what, The Great Mongolia is linked to the current Mengcheng. Therefore, the views of scholars Sun Yikai, Qian Gengsen and others are reasonable in favor of Zhuangzi as Mengcheng in Anhui.

Zhuangzi's life is a mystery, Lao Tzu's life is also a mystery, why? And the ancestral genealogies of Confucius and Mencius are very clear, why is this? Why do we not know anything about the lives of Lao Tzu and Zhuangzi? The key is that The Taoists advocate that everything is not settled, so that everything runs in the big way, and the articles and life are like this, the so-called "super escape". Yan Hui's "following the trend" but failing to keep up, means that the Taoists believe that "the Tao is unspeakable" and "untold", so the books of Lao Tzu and Zhuangzi are elusive, but they are not known because they are in harmony with the Tao. It can also be said to be a typical "agnosticism", "success is also destroyed, destruction is also destroyed".

Lao Zhuang's ideological origins are in the Huai River Valley. Why did Qilu Dadi give birth to Confucianism? Why did the Huai River Basin give birth to Taoists? This is because the spirit of water and soil is different, the plants and animals that grow are also different, time and space change, and everything will change. The Mengbo area of the Huai River Basin was originally the hometown of Shang Tang. Archaeologists have also found Pottery from the Shang Dynasty in the Mandala City of Mengcheng. After the death of the Shang, the Zhou dynasty divided the princes, and the Duke of Zou was assigned to the state of Lu, while the descendants of the Shang were left in the Mengbo region, where the present-day City of Mengcheng was located. It can be said that Zhuangzi is not a Song or a Chu national, and Zhuangzi should be a "Shang Zhou" person. "Zhuangzi Zhi chu" indicates that Zhuangzi was not a Chu person; from the Zhuangzi article, we can find evidence that Zhuang Zhou seems to be a Song people. However, instead of saying that Zhuang Zhou was a Song dynasty, it is better to be specific to Zhuang Zhou as a "Shang Zhou" person between Song and Chu. Although it is said that Cao Shang "turned against the Song" and met Zhuangzi and showed off to him, why not meet Zhuangzi on his way back to Song? Some people say that the "Shang Zhi Qiu" that appears in Zhuangzi's article refers to the Shang Qiu of present-day Henan, which may not be arbitrary, but can it be seen as a small hill in the "Shang Zhou" area? It cannot be said that there is no such possibility. The first place name to be seen is also in the book "Zhuangzi", Confucius was trapped between "Wei, Song, Shang Zhou, Chen Cai", indicating that the "Shang Zhou" at that time was a place name, and compared with "Wei", "Song", "Chen Cai", at least can show that "Shang Zhou" was a small princely state. "Shang Zhou" is the seat of the descendants of the Shang, and the mainstream culture of the Shang Dynasty is Tiandao, the so-called "merchant Shang Xuan". "Tiandao" is the ideology of the entire Shang state; while Zou's entire mainstream culture is "ritual". Zou Gong carried out the entire ceremony in the state of Lu, making it a symbol of the entire centralization of power. This cultural soil gave birth to Confucius and Mencius. Zhuangzi's country, the "Shang Zhou", was prevalent throughout the Tiandao culture, and the Tiandao view of the Yin Shang period was not banned. The book "Heidegger and China's Heavenly Path" by Mr. Zhang Xianglong of Peking University illustrates this problem. It can be seen that the influence of Tiandao thought at that time was enormous. Zhuangzi grew up here, and the things he heard and witnessed had a great contradiction with the traditional Tiandao education he received, so he had to strive to make up for it, just as Confucius "refrainished himself and restored etiquette" and maintained etiquette, Zhuangzi had a great sense of mission, that is, to maintain the Heavenly Dao, advocate the freedom of life and the return of nature, and oppose the ruler's harm to human nature.

Therefore, the thesis is that Zhuangzi was a Mongolian who bounded the Shang and Zhou kingdoms between Chu and Song. To prove this question, we must first judge that Shang Zhou is a fiefdom of the descendants of Shang Tang; secondly, we must argue the fact that the Shang Zhou people advocate the Heavenly Dao; again, we must argue that Zhuang Zhou is not a Song or a Chu, but a Mongolian who is bounded between Chu and Song; and finally, we must argue that Shang Zhou is located between Chu and Song. Another theory is that it is unnecessary to argue about Zhuangzi's hometown, because the so-called "Mongolian people" refer to a large area, including Song, Chu, and Shandong. The reason why Sima Qian only said one sentence: "Zhuangzi people, Mongolian people also." It is because he also can't figure out where Zhuangzi really is, just saying "Mongolian people also", which means that the only thing Sima Qian is sure of is that Zhuangzi is a Mongolian, and the place of "Mongolia" is definitely not just a small country or a small place. That's enough.

The archaeological team of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences has officially announced that Mengcheng County in Anhui Province is the seat of the capital of early Shang. The mandala in Mengcheng County has a large Shang Dynasty ancient city wall, which is the early Shang ancient capital that has not been found for a long time. In addition, in the excavation project of Weichi Temple for several consecutive years, the pottery excavated from Weichi Temple includes the only "bird-shaped artifact" in the country, which according to research belongs to the original village leader or symbol of power in the Dawenkou cultural period. Wei Chi Temple is a relic of China's original first village that shocked China and foreign countries, so will this "bird-shaped artifact" be a relic of the Shang Dynasty? Early Shang should exist during the Yellow Emperor and Emperor Zhao periods, and the Yellow Emperor and Emperor Zhao periods should be the Dawenkou culture period, according to the "Shang Song": "The Destiny of Heaven Xuan Bird, descended to shang." According to the legend of the Shang, the ancestor of the Shang, "Qi", was born in this way: Jiandi's one day bathed in the river, suddenly descended from the sky to a bird, and suddenly fell to the place where Jiandi's bathing, and Jiandi's was conceived, thus giving birth to "Qi", and the whole Shang was born from this. Therefore, the bird has always been the totem worshipped by merchants. Since there is only one such "bird-shaped artifact" found here in the whole country, why can't we suspect that this place is the location of the Shang capital? Because this artifact can only be possessed by the king with the highest power, and archaeologists have proved that it is a symbol of the highest power.

Combining the excavations and discoveries of The Weichi Temple and the entire mandala city, it can be concluded that Mengcheng is the seat of the descendants of the Shang, and it is very likely that the early Shang capital was the ancient capital of the early Shang, because everyone knows that the late Shang was in Shangqiu, Henan, but there has never been any sign of the early Shang dynasty that has attracted the attention of archaeologists. "Zhou people come from the west", "merchants come from the east", archaeologists believe that it should be from Kaifeng to the east, until the mouth of the Yellow River is the activity zone of early shang, but because this place belongs to the Yellow Pan Area, it has always brought difficulties to archaeological work, so far, only ancient shang ruins have been found in Mengcheng. This has been very convincing. Combined with the origin of Zhuangzi's thoughts, the first article of Zhuangzi's article begins with "Dapeng spreading its wings", which is a standard "Xuan bird", and Dapeng is illusioned from the "Kun" of the North Sea, and the "Kun" is a caviar. This also reflects Zhuangzi's admiration for birds and the relationship between birds and fish, that is, the relationship between heaven and water. The merchant Shang Xuanse, the Shang is a dynasty that reveres the gods, and it was only until the zhou that the "dispute between man and god" occurred. Looking at the zhuangzi text, the worship of the gods and the mythological characteristics are not too common in the pre-Qin dynasty. The "relationship between heaven and water" is actually the relationship between yin and yang, and the relationship between birds and fish is the relationship between Jiandi's life and business.

It can be inferred from this that Mengcheng is the old capital of the ancient Shang, and Zhuangzi is a descendant of the Shang. Combined with the above points of thesis, we can conclude that Mengcheng is the former capital of the early Shang, the Shang Zhou is the fiefdom of the descendants of the Shang, which is in the present-day Mengcheng, and Zhuangzi is the official of the "Mengcheng" Lacquer Garden, and in history, both Mengcheng and the Lacquer Garden are the only places in Mengcheng.

The Word. Through the hand of Lao Zhuang, this word has become the ultimate pursuit of countless people.

The Getaway is the opening work of Zhuangzi. Leisure is a state of freedom in life. The text reads: If the husband takes advantage of the righteousness of heaven and earth, and the discernment of the six qi, to swim the infinite, he is evil? Therefore, it is said that the supreme man has no self, the god and man have no merit, and the saint has no name. Those who are one with nature do not have themselves and do not seek fame. Nature does nothing and is noble and irreversible is the way of heaven, and what is promising is humanity. It's a long way off. This aphorism is widespread. Every time I read it, I feel like thunder. The springs dried up, and the fish were trapped on land together, blowing some damp breath from each other and spitting out some spit to moisturize each other, but it was far better than swimming in the rivers and lakes without anyone paying attention to anyone.

Freedom is the most precious.

Jin Shengsi is a big critic today, and his review is only six books. The first book of talents is "Zhuangzi".

The Mengcheng Song Dynasty Zhuangzi Ancestral Hall will not be in Huangshui during the next year of tomorrow. In the seventh year of the Ming Dynasty (1579), Wu Yiluan of Mengcheng ZhiXian donated land to rebuild the Zhuangzi Ancestral Hall in the eastern suburbs of the county, which underwent generations of repairs and remained until the late "Cultural Revolution" period, when it was demolished due to the expansion of the urban area (the site is in the courtyard of the present-day Mengcheng County Cotton and Linen Company). In 1995, the Mengcheng County People's Government raised funds to rebuild the Zhuangzi Ancestral Hall at the site of the ancient city of Qiyuan, the site of the former Song Dynasty Zhuangzi Ancestral Hall.

Zhuangzi Ancestral Hall is located in the eastern suburbs of Mengcheng County, Bozhou City. According to historical records, in the first year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1078), Mengcheng County's secretary Qi Wangjing, in honor of the famous thinker, literary scholar, and Xianzhuangzi of Mengcheng Township during the Warring States period (see "Celebrity" Zhuangzi), first built the Zhuangzi Ancestral Hall at the site of the Lacquer Garden on the north bank of the Vortex River. The main buildings are "Happy Hall", "Dream Butterfly Building", "Fish Viewing Platform" and so on. When the temple was completed, Wang Jingte asked Su Shi, a famous literary scholar of the Song Dynasty, to write the "Records of zhuangzi ancestral hall" and ordered the craftsmen to carve a monument to the temple.

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