Thousands of miles of rivers and mountains, vast and vast. "A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains" is the only surviving work of Wang Ximeng, a genius painter of the Northern Song Dynasty, which is now in the Palace Museum. The painting uses a whole silk horse to paint the undulating mountain peaks and the mighty rivers, in which the fishing village and the wild market are located, and depicts many character activities. Using the traditional green method, the pen is extremely delicate, and the change is sought in the blue green tone, which is a masterpiece of green and green for thousands of years. "A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains" is 51.5 cm in length and 1191.5 cm in width. It is known as one of the "Top Ten Famous Paintings in China".
The whole volume of "A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains"
Wang Ximeng (1096 -1119 [rumored]), a famous painter of the late Northern Song Dynasty, can be called
However, there is no record of him in the history books. In the historical books, there is no single word of the author of "A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains", only a text when opening the scroll, revealing the simple resume of this talented teenager. Bhagavatam said, "The eighth day of the fourth month of the three leap years of political peace. At the age of eighteen, Xi Meng was a disciple in painting, and was summoned to the forbidden Chinese library, and several paintings were dedicated, but they did not work. Knowing that his nature is teachable, he instructed him, and taught him the Dhamma himself, not more than half a year old, but in this way he tried to advance. Shangjiazhi, because he gave the subject Jing, said that the world's corporal was just doing it. ”
The genius boy became a fan of life
According to his writings, Wang Ximeng was a student of painting when he was young, and was later summoned to the library of documents in the palace. The work of the library is mainly to copy accounts, cataloguing, etc., but Wang Ximeng still likes to paint, so he made paintings several times and dedicated them to Emperor Huizong of Song. At first, the technique was immature, and the emperor was not too satisfied, but Emperor Huizong thought that he was a talent that could be created, and he was especially accepted as an apprentice, personally instructing and teaching painting.
In April of the third year (1113) of Emperor Huizong's reign, Wang Ximeng spent half a year finally painting the famous masterpiece "A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains" into the Emperor, when he was only eighteen years old. Emperor Huizong of Song was full of admiration after seeing it, and conveniently gave the painting to Cai Jing, a favorite minister with a literary atmosphere. There is no account of him until the Qing Dynasty, when his name appeared in the last sentence of a collector, Song Jie: "Xuanhe enshrined Wang Ximeng, and Tianzi personally passed on the penmanship." Entering the body and dying, the empty teaching intestines cut off the Taishi Jing. There is a note at the end of the poem: "Xi Meng was highly talented, and he was secretly passed down by Emperor Huizong, and over the years he set up colored landscapes and waters and rolled into the imperial court." He died a few years ago, more than twenty years old. ”
Xi Meng has no trace, but the "Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains" he left behind has amazed the world. It is a landscape painting, nearly 12 meters long, standing next to the picture scroll, full of green mountains and green water, carefully looking, between the rolling mountains and the vast rivers and rivers, the fishing village wild market, the water pavilion, the thatched grass hut and other scenes are vividly remembered, interspersed with fishing, boating, playing and other moving scenes, the characters are delicately portrayed, the birds are vivid, quite rhythmic, fascinating. The whole painting is majestic and majestic, which is breathtaking.
Such a vast and majestic work, the author is only 18 years old teenager, but his life is confusing, which undoubtedly stimulates people's rich imagination. For the cause of his death, there are many theories circulating, including the death of illness, and there is another theory that is even more bizarre: it is said that after Wang Ximeng presented the "Thousand Mile River and Mountain Map", he was very dissatisfied with the emperor's luxurious atmosphere, and he bluntly said that the advice had no effect, so he drew another "Thousand Miles of Hunger and Death Map", which made Emperor Huizong of Song furious and gave him death. Before dying, Wang Ximeng asked to take another look at the "Map of a Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains", and Emperor Huizong allowed it, but unexpectedly Wang Ximeng disappeared, and since then, he has disappeared into the vast world.
18-year-old Wang Ximeng painted the most beautiful picture scroll in the most beautiful Chinese year, although it is like a shooting star across the starry sky, the dazzling light will fall silent, but his remaining pen, nearly a thousand years of vicissitudes, fortunately, never left...
"A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains" shines for thousands of years
There is no author's seal on the scroll of the "Thousand Li Jiangshan Map", which was later collected by the then prime minister Cai Jing, whose inscription on the scroll recounts the experience of Emperor Huizong of Song instructing Wang Ximeng to accept him into the Hanlin Calligraphy and Painting Academy: "Zhenghe three years leap April 8. At the age of eighteen, Xi Meng was a disciple in painting, and was summoned to the forbidden Chinese library, and several paintings were dedicated, but they did not work. Knowing that his nature is teachable, he instructed him, and taught him the Dhamma himself, not more than half a year old, but in this way he tried to advance. Shangjiazhi, because he gave the subject Jing, said that the world's corporal was just doing it. Cai Jing was placed in the third year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1113). At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the collector Liang Qingbiao titled the painter Wang Ximeng.
It was learned from Cai Jing's inscription that Wang Ximeng studied painting at the Xuanhe Painting Academy at the age of 18, and the creation of landscape painting was personally guided by Emperor Huizong of Song, and half a year later he created this volume of "A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains". Emperor Huizong of Song was the first collector of the "Thousand Li Jiangshan Map", and then gave the "Qianli Jiangshan Map" to his favorite cai Jing.
After the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, the scroll was included in the Inner Province of the Southern Song Dynasty, and after the fall of the Song Dynasty, it was collected by Li Puguang, a senior monk and calligrapher of the Yuan Dynasty. At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, this painting was collected by the famous bibliophile and literary scholar Liang Qingbiao, and later entered the Qing Inner Province. In addition to the Cai Jing inscription at the end of the volume, there are also puguang monks of the Yuan Dynasty, such as the Yuan Dynasty Puguang monk Erbao, the "Treasure of the Jixi Temple", and the "Treasure of the Qianlong Imperial Palace", which are printed in twenty-eight directions, and are written by the "Shiqu Baodi Preliminary Compilation" and so on.
The whole volume of "A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains" can be roughly divided into five sections from left to right, and the painters are separated by the river between each section, and connected or echoed by bridges, cruise ships, and fishing boats. The whole volume of the picture of Zhongshan stone is first outlined in ink color, and then the green color is applied, and the top of the mountain is baked with the green of the stone bluestone, showing the green mountains. The rivers outline the water patterns, which contrast with the boneless colors.
The author inherits the traditional green landscape painting method, more delicate and rigorous, dot painting blending can be meticulous, although the characters are as small as beans, but the image is vivid and vivid. Thousands of blue waves, all drawn with one stroke. Fishing boat cruise, swaying in the middle, making the picture more dynamic. In terms of color, the author seeks changes in the simple turquoise, some thick, some light, and the ochre color as a background, so that the picture is layered, bright as the light of the gem, brilliant and dazzling.
The painting depicts rolling hills and vast rivers and lakes. According to the mountains and waters, it is arranged with fishing villages and noshi, water pavilions, thatched huts, water mill long bridges, and interspersed with fishing, boating, walking, catching feet, playing and other character activities. The image is delicate, depicted in detail, the characters are as small as beans, and the meaning is vivid, and the birds, although light, have the potential to soar.
The mountain stone method combines hemp and axe splitting, combining the specialties of the southern and northern factions. Coloring inherits the green and green painting method since the Tang Dynasty, and seeks changes in a simple and unified blue-green tone. With ochre as a background, the stone blue, stone green color in the contrast more vivid and dazzling.
The whole picture is majestic, majestic, full of rich breath of life, the natural landscape, depicted like a brocade embroidery, exceptionally beautiful and magnificent, is a realistic and ideal landscape painting work, is a rare giant in traditional Chinese landscape painting.
The whole picture is depicted in detail, and the water surface is full of peak head lines, without slacking off. Everything is proportioned, perspective and well arranged.
Appreciate the Chinese paintings before the early Tang Dynasty, whether it is murals, paintings, silk paintings, all of which are heavily colored. After the middle of the Tang Dynasty, ink painting began to become popular, and by the fifth generation it had almost become the world. At the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty, the ink landscape had reached a high degree of maturity, but on the contrary, the green landscape gradually declined and was regarded as an "ancient map".
The so-called "feng shui turns". Guo Xi was the only one in song when he was emperor Shenzong, and the palace was all his works, but after the ten-year-old Song Zhezong succeeded to the throne, a sublime wind blew up from the harem, and the heavy color paintings before the Tang Dynasty were revered as gaogu, so there was a bright and unworldly "Autumn Color Map of Jiangshan", which was passed down to Zhao Boju.
To Emperor Huizong of Song, there was also a highly mature large green landscape painting represented by Wang Ximeng's "Map of a Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains".