The Northern Expedition of Yuan Jia ( Yuan Jia ) was a guide to the Song Dynasty , also known as the Liu Song Empire , which took the initiative to attack the Northern Wei Empire during the reign of Emperor Wen of Song , and took the initiative to attack the Northern Wei Empire three times , in the seventh year of Yuan Jia ( 430 ) , the 27th year of Yuan Jia ( 450 ) , and the 29th year of Yuan Jia ( 452 ) .
The Liu Song Empire, bounded by the Yellow River in the north, has four of the seven worlds, Henan and Shandong, all in the Song Dynasty, south of the Yellow River, the Song Dynasty has Luoyang, Hu prison, Slide, and Qilei (in the area of present-day Liaocheng City, Shandong Province).
In 422, Emperor Liu Yu of Song died, and Emperor Shao of Song succeeded to the throne, and Northern Wei took the opportunity to attack the south, attacking Henan, and first capturing The Slippery Platform.
In 423, the war continued, the Wei army attacked the Tiger Prison, Liu Song Sizhou stabbed Shi Mao Dezu to hold the Tiger Prison, the Wei army turned to capture Luoyang, and the other way the Wei army attacked Qingzhou, but the Qingzhou Thorn Shi Zhukui, according to Dongyang City (present-day Qingzhou City, Shandong), the Wei army could not attack, Tan Daoji and other Liu Song reinforcements were coming, the Wei army withdrew, and instead reinforced the Wei army that besieged the Tiger Prison, and finally Mao Dezuli was captured and the Tiger Prison fell.
In 424, Xu Xianzhi and others deposed Emperor Shao of Song and installed his brother Liu Yilong, the Prince of Yidu, as emperor, Emperor Wen of Song. After Emperor Wen of Song ascended the throne, he wanted to recover Henan, which had previously been taken by Northern Wei.
In 426, Emperor Wen of Song killed the powerful minister Xu Xianzhi and others and regained power.
However, at the beginning of Emperor Wen of Song's reign, there were thousands of problems, and for the time being, he could not take care of the Northern Expedition, and in 429, Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei prepared to attack the Nulian Khanate in the north, and the military and people of Northern Wei mobilized nationwide, "Last night I saw the military post, the khan ordered the soldiers, the East City bought horses, the West Market bought saddles, the South Market bought the dragon head, and the North City bought the long whip." "This was a good time for the north and south to attack northern Wei, and some people in northern Wei were quite worried, but with the support of Cui Hao and the determination of Emperor Taiwu's will, they still went on the expedition," Dan resigned from the Yellow River, and went to the head of the Black Mountain at dusk, not hearing the voice of the grandmother calling the woman, but hearing the Yanshan Hu riding and chirping. Wanli went to the plane, and Guan Shandu flew. The Northern Wei army eventually destroyed Nulian and qishenggai Khan died in anger, which defeated the Nulian Khanate and prevented the danger of Northern Wei being caught between the north and the south in the future.
It can attack the Northern Wei from north to south
In 430, Liu Song was finally ready and launched the first Northern Expedition during the Yuan Jia period.
Led by Yanzhi, he took the fleet and entered Surabaya through Huaishui, and in July entered the river, that is, the Yellow River. The four towns of Northern Wei and Henan were small in strength, and Emperor Taiwu ordered all the armies defending the city to withdraw to Hebei, so the defenders of the four towns of Qilei, Shuitai, Hu prison, and Luoyang were withdrawn one after another in the same month, and Yan Zhisui easily recaptured the four towns, leaving Zhu Xiuzhi to guard The Sliding Platform, Sizhou Assassin Shi Yin Chong to guard the Tiger Prison, and Du Ji to guard the Luoyang Jinyong City.
To Yanzhi, Wang Zhongde, and others, along the Yellow River to deploy defense, in October, the climate turned cold, the Wei army counterattacked, crossed the Yellow River in the south, attacked Luoyang, Luoyang JinYongcheng, no grain, the Song army had to retreat, the Wei army captured Jin YongCheng, turned to attack the Tiger Prison, the Tiger Prison was also lost, Sizhou assassin Shi YinChong, jumped off the city tower to martyr the country, Yingchuan Taishou Cui Mo surrendered to Wei.
Northern Wei recaptured four towns in Henan
The town guarded Yanzhi in the direction of Qingzhou, and learned that Luoyang and Tiger Prison had fallen, and his front, the Wei generals Sun Daosheng and Shusun Jian, also led their troops across the Yellow River, and when Yanzhi wanted to lead his troops to retreat, the general Yuan Huzhi of the palace advised that Qingzhou was rich and smooth, and that the main force was not attrition, and should defend the city with all his strength, and advised Yanzhi to reinforce the slide and not to retreat.
When Yan's eye disease broke out and there was an epidemic in the army, he did not listen to the advice of yuanhu, and led the main force to flee south along the Jishui River, to Licheng, burned the ship and landed and walked, and returned to Pengcheng.
When Yanzhi retreated, the Northern Wei army then invaded Qingzhou in a big way and stormed The Stage of Henan.
In November, Emperor Wen of Song issued an edict, with Tan Daoji as the governor of the capital to recruit various military forces, and led two men and horses to fight against Northern Wei.
In the first month of 431, Tan Daoji marched on Qingzhou along Qingshui, and the Wei generals Sun Daosheng and Uncle Sun Jian sent troops to meet the attack, and the Song army entered Jishui in February, and for more than 20 days, it fought more than thirty battles with the Wei army, and most of the Song army won.
The Wei army continued to block the attack, and when the Song army marched to Licheng, it was burned by Uncle Sun Jian, which killed the grain and grass, and Tan Daoji was unable to advance due to lack of food, so he was unable to rescue the slide. Tan Daoji reinforcements did not arrive, the Wei army was overjoyed, so it was able to concentrate on attacking The Slide, Emperor Taiwu sent Wang Huilong to reinforce the Wei army, the defenders of the Slide Were surrounded for several months, ran out of food, had to hunt rats to fill the hunger, and finally were captured by the Wei army, and the defenders Zhu Xiuzhi and Dongjun Taishou Shenmo were captured.
Tan Daoji, who failed to rescue him, returned from Licheng south due to running out of food. Fearing the Wei army's pursuit, the Song army was panicked and almost defeated, so Tan Daoji sang at night to measure the sand, used sand as rice grain, counted, and then used the remaining rice grain to pile on the most surface, forming the illusion that the grain in the army was still sufficient, and successfully deceived the Wei army that came to pursue.
Tan Daoji had few soldiers, and ordered the whole army to wear armor, take advantage of the public opinion in white, and leave calmly, the Wei army was afraid that the Song army was deceitful, and did not dare to chase, so Tan Daoji was able to retreat with his whole body.
YuanJia's first Northern Expedition, the towns south of the Yellow River, gained and lost, and returned without success. After the two roads, a large number of military supplies were discarded when they retreated, so that after the war, the Arsenal of the Southern Dynasty and song dynasty was empty; and although Tan Daoji failed the rescue operation because the grain and grass were burned by His uncle Sun Jian, he was able to return with the whole army and gain great prestige.
Tan Daoji himself was good at war, his relatives around him could fight, and many of his sons were also very talented and courageous, the imperial court was jealous, and the people at the time were compared to Sima Yi, and Emperor Wen of Song had been grumpy about Tan Daoji's failure to save the downfall, and in 436, Emperor Wen of Song fell ill, fearing that Tan Daoji would rebel, so he was arrested and killed. Before Tan Daoji was killed, he sighed that this was the self-destructing Great Wall.
At this time, another Three Kingdoms period in Chinese history, Song Wei and Xia were juxtaposed, and the remnants of the Helian Xia state, Helian Ding, were forced by Northern Wei to retreat north of Guanzhong, saw the Northern Expedition of the Song Army, and also took the opportunity to attack Wei, and sent emissaries to Song to seek peace, and the Song Dynasty destroyed Wei, but Liu Song's Northern Expedition failed, and it was impossible to reinforce the State of Xia, so Emperor Taiwu of Wei led an army to personally conquer Helian Ding, and when it was greatly broken, Helian Ding defeated Longxi.
In 431, the Wei army captured Helian Ding, destroyed Xia, and the Three Kingdoms became the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
In response to the Northern Expedition of the Liu Song Dynasty, Cui Hao, who was from the Cui clan of Qinghe, advocated a post-attack, and if the plan succeeded, he also urged Emperor Taiwu to lead an army to personally conquer Helianding, and finally destroy the Xia kingdom and annex Longxi. Afterwards, Emperor Taiwu praised Cui Hao greatly, promoted Situ, and became more important, asking Cui Hao more about state affairs, and Cui Hao promoted emperor Taiwu to destroy The Buddha in the future, so he got carried away with it, trying to "straighten out the people and distinguish the family name", and when compiling the history of the country, truthfully recorded the early scandals of Xianbei, thus triggering the anger of the Xianbei nobles, and Emperor Taiwu killed him.
These are the processes and subsequent effects of the three Northern Expeditions and the first Northern Expedition during the Liu Song and Yuanjia dynasties.
At the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Liu Yu's Northern Expedition pushed the northern boundary of Liu Song of the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the line of the Yellow River, and during the reign of Emperor Wen of Song, Liu Song lost Henan and the national border retreated south.