Author:Zhu Meilu (Professor, School of Liberal Arts, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics)
Du Fu zimei was a famous poet of the Tang Dynasty; begonias are famous flowers of the rosaceae family. Celebrities write famous flowers, and the wonderful pen and national color meet, which should have produced wonderful poems. In fact, although Du Shi draws a wide range of materials and poetry materials, he does not write about begonias, and it can be said that Du Fu and Begonias are not related. As for why Du Shi did not write about begonias, there are many speculators among the literati, and in this sense, Du Fu and Begonias have a close relationship.
The first to discover this problem was the late Tang Dynasty poet Zheng Gu. He said in the poem "Appreciating Begonias in Shu": "The thick and light fang spring fills the Shu countryside, and the intestines of the warblers are half broken with the wind and rain." Huanhua Creek is sad, and Zimei has no intention of carrying it forward. Zheng Gu specially added a note after the poem: "Du Gongbu lives in Western Shu, and there is no begonia title in the poem collection." Zheng Gu not only affirmed that there were many begonias in Shudi, but also pointed out that the begonias had not entered Du Shi. It should be known that after the outbreak of the "Anshi Rebellion", Du Fu once had "five years of Keshu County", but why didn't Du Shi write about Begonia? Zheng Gu gave a "heartless" explanation, which means that Du Fu did not care about begonias and did not care.
Begonia Qi White Stone/Painted
Why Du Fu did not have poetry and begonias, descended to the Song Dynasty, all kinds of arguments are innumerable. Mei Yaochen said in the poem "Begonias": "At that time, Du Zimei was obsessed with herself. This means that although du fu has many things to chant, he has forgotten the existence of begonias, so he does not say anything in the poem. Wu Zhongfu said: "Zimei Shicai is a juggernaut pen, and she is still lonely in Jincheng. Fu Cha also believed: "Du Ling is not unintentionally endowed, only thin and difficult to work Nai Ruohe." Relieved Hui also said: "Seeing that the family mountain is rich in begonias, Du Ling is short of chapters." These arguments believe that Du Fu has more than enough heart but insufficient strength, that he knows that his poetry is shallow, and that he is exhausted in the face of begonias, so he has to avoid it. Wang Shipeng pointed out: "Du Ling should hate the unknown, and empty to Chengdu Jie Caotang. In Wang Shipeng's view, Du Fu did not yong haitang because he did not know him. Yang Wanli said: "Is it that Shaoling has no sentences, and Shaoling has not seen what he wants." Yang Wanli thought that Du Fu had never seen a begonia, and of course he could not write it. Yu Liangneng pointed out: "Ruthlessly laugh at Du Ling's old man, and do not know that begonias have good spring intentions." Yu Liang could be sure that Du Fu had seen begonias, but only because of his lack of aesthetic perception of begonias, begonias could not become his aesthetic objects, so there was no inscription. Zeng Ji said: "Du Lao has no poetry, and should be taken for six dings." The so-called Liuding refers to the six Ding gods in Taoist legends, and it has been believed that Du Fu's Begonia poems were taken away by the Liuding gods. There is no shortage of precedents in the history of this kind of thinking poetry, and Han Yu's poem "Tuning Zhang Book" praises Li Bai and Du Fu's poetry: "Immortal officials edict six dings, thunder and lightning to take the general." Those who have wandered into the world, the mountain is a millimeter. Here, Zeng has picked up the ready-made myths of his predecessors to explain why Du Shi did not write begonias. Lu You said in the poem "Haitang": "Picking up the old songs is sad and scattered", Du Fu was appointed by Tang Suzong as Zuo Shiyi, Lu You thought that Du Fu should have written begonia poems, but they were scattered. Wang Ling of the Northern Song Dynasty once said in the "Reading Old Du Poems": "The engraving of the pimple is like three thousand songs, shining on the qiankun for four hundred springs." That is to say, there were more than 3,000 Du poems, but only more than 1,400 poems exist, and the poems about begonias were just lost. The Song Dynasty poetry review compilation "Ancient and Modern Poetry" provides another way of saying in the "Begonia Poems" article: "Du Zimei's mother's name is Begonia, and Zimei is secretive, so there is absolutely no Begonia poetry in Duji." According to this explanation, Du Fu did not yong haitang because he avoided family secrets. Wang Bai believed that Du Fu did not write begonia poems out of indignation. He said in the second part of "Sitting Alone and Watching the Begonias": "Concubine Taizhen under the Agarwood Pavilion, smiling yanran the country is in danger. On that day, Du Ling had a deep hatred, and He Xin wrote begonia poems. To understand this poem, it is necessary to understand the relationship between Yang Guifei and Haitang. According to Song Shi Huihong's "Cold Fasting Night Talk", "The Emperor ascended the Agarwood Pavilion and commanded the true concubines. The concubine was drunk and did not wake up, and the life force came from the attendant. The concubine was drunk with makeup and disheveled sideburns, and could no longer worship. The Emperor laughed and said, "Is it that the concubine is drunk, and the true begonia has not slept enough." Yang Guifei, who was not awake from a hangover, was once called "Haitang Did Not Sleep Enough" by Emperor Xuanzong, and Du Fu was deeply dissatisfied with Yang Guifei's flattery of the country, so he did not write begonia poems. From this point of view, Du Fu is suspicious of Hating House and Wu for Begonia. It can be seen that there are many opinions on why Du Fu did not chant begonias, and everyone has made the missing begonias a prominent existence. It should be pointed out that all these statements are full of speculative elements, which only indicate that the poet is interested in the subject and has put forward his own point of view, which in no way means that they have come to the conclusion that it is fixed on one statue.
Poets thought it was a pity that Du Fu did not write begonias, so they could not help but have the impulse to supplement the poems for Du Fu. Supplementing poems for Du Fu is undoubtedly a risk, so poets generally only shout loudly and rarely put them into action. For example, Wang Mai of the Song Dynasty said: "Who has incense characters in his pen, supplement Du Lingweng's poems", which is a call for people with brilliant pens and outstanding talents to supplement Du Fu's poems. Liu Zhi said: "Begonia should supplement the Shaoling chapter", as for how to make up, there is no following. Lu You frankly admitted that "the thin waistline was not planned to work", and seemed to have painstakingly supplemented the poem for Du Fu, but it was not stable. The one who really tried to supplement du Fu's poems, Mei Yaochen counted one. He said, "What is the love of this flower, it was not a peach and apricot." The raw red is thick and shallow, thin and dense. This is a positive depiction of begonias, Mei Yaochen "deliberately Yong Fangfei", in order to "make up for Li Du lost" (Note: Li Bai's poems also do not have begonias). Fang Yue also said, "The residual wind and rain are like this today, and Mo Shu Rouge is full of snow." Luo Pu dreamed of half drunk, and Hua Qing bathed with his hands hanging down. A cup and no farewell, how long can the spring of ten days be? Without encountering Shaoling, he tried to compose a poem of supplementation. Why did Fang Yue make up poems for Du Fu after he was drunk? Maybe there is really "drunken thinking" after drunkenness, or it is that the courage becomes bigger after drunkenness, or perhaps even if it is not worked, it can still be attributed to what you do after drunkenness. The reason for this is quite speculative.
Du Fu advocated that "clear words and beautiful sentences must be neighbors" and advocated "words are not surprising and endless", which is unique in poetry. Ouyang Xiu once told a story in the "June 1st Poetry", Chen Congyi "occasionally got du to collect old texts, and Wen Duo made mistakes." To the poem "Send Cai Duwei": 'Light a bird', a word is taken off. Chen Gongyin and the number of guests each used one word to make up for it. Or the cloud 'disease', or the cloud 'falls', or the cloud 'rises', or the cloud 'goes down', can not be determined. Then there is a good book, which is 'light and a bird passes'. Chen Gong sighed, thinking that although there was a word, the princes could not reach it. "It is still impossible to make up a word for Du Fu's poem; supplementing Du Fu's poem is undoubtedly a difficult challenge." Supplementing poems is nothing more than a poet speaking to himself through Du Fu's beginnings.
The earliest Tang people to write about begonias was Chu Suiliang. He said: "The distant mountain chiefs gather green smoke, and the flowers of the trees are scattered on February days." Travel through the night of the nine lights, and return to the moon before hanging begonias. Begonias became a common aesthetic object for poets until the Middle Tang Dynasty. The reason is that some people say that begonias are valued by the world, because of the "Hundred Flowers Spectrum" compiled by Jia Tan. The book not only uses the title begonia earlier in ancient texts, but also praises begonia as "the god of flowers". Because Jia Tan held high positions in the three dynasties of Emperor Dezong, Shunzong, and Emperor Xianzong, and was erudite and talented, the "Hundred Flowers Spectrum" compiled by him was very influential, and after that, the Tang gradually attached importance to Begonia.
Although Du Fu's poetry is called "poetic history", although Du Fu's poetry is omnipresent, a person's poetry is limited after all, and the aesthetic object of poetry is endless, pursuing the infinite with the finite, of course, can not exhaust everything in the world. Therefore, begonias do not enter Du Shi, in fact, it is normal. It is only infinitely magnified by the literati with the begonia complex that it becomes a problem. Although this is a flaw, it also has a spurious meaning. In the Qing Dynasty, Che Wanyu also compiled "Duling Not as Begonia Poems" into the "Sound Rhythm Enlightenment" for young children to enlighten and recite, which further expanded the influence of this matter.
Du Fu did not sing begonias, and history left this opportunity to Su Shi. Su Shi wrote many poems about begonias, the most famous one of which said: "The east wind is full of sogo, and the incense mist is empty and the moon is turning." I was afraid of going to sleep late at night, so I burned a high candle to illuminate the red makeup. This poem gently points to the color and fragrance of begonias, using the allusion that Tang Xuanzong called Yang Guifei "begonias are not sleeping enough", showing the poet's love for begonias, and singing begonias out of the extraordinary level. Therefore, the literati rejoiced that Haitang "the sword is empty of Du, but Huangzhou meets Su", "Thin Du is ruthless, and Old Su has a sentence". Lost in the east corner, harvested mulberry elm, begonias have knowledge, should also be relieved.
Guangming Daily (2021.06.11. 16th edition)
Source: Guangming Network - Guangming Daily