1. About Bo Yi and Jiang Taigong
Material one: also said Boyi and Boyi
Netizens said: ... Regarding the lineage of Jiang Taigong's ancestors, especially since Boyi, one of the most widely circulated versions is: "Boyi -- Ruomu --Feichang--Fang-Renchang--Tianying--Jue--Min-Leopard--Qian--Cheng-Ye--Yu-Qing-Bao-Dian-Ming--Che-Neng--Hong-Rui--Yi-Yi-Bai-Shichang-Gong-Xiangruo--Fan--箨-Anshi--Zhongzhen--Shaoliang--Annian--Qing--渰--Yan--筠--筠生--Jiang Shang (Jiang Taigong). However, this lineage table has a hard wound, (it is believed) that Ruomu and Fei Chang are descendants of Bo Yi, a descendant of the Yellow Emperor, not a descendant of Boyi, a descendant of the Yan Emperor.
(Editor's note: The "Boyi" in the order of the previous generations should be "Boyi". "Boyi", Dongyi, Shun, Yu era people. And this "Boyi" and the "Jiang Shang (Jiang Taigong)" at the end are contemporaries. This is not only whether the relationship between "Boyi" and his descendants "Wakamu and Feichang" is wrong, but because this "Boyi" should be "Boyi", then the relationship between "Boyi" and other descendants other than "Wakagi and Feichang" is even more wrong, and thus it is falsely rumored)
However, the "Shiben" clearly states: "Boyi as a well" and "Huayi as a well". Mr. Xie Shihua (1) changed the "Boyi" of the well maker into "Boyi".
(Editor's note: Bo Yi, a man of the Shun and Yu eras.) "Boyi" is a person from the end of the Shang Dynasty and the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, and "Boyi" and "Boyi" are not the same person and are not contemporaries. In ancient times, the names of "Boyi" and "Boyi" were mixed together, until today, the big fallacy)
In short, in the current study of clan culture, it is not uncommon to confuse Boyi with Boyi. In fact, this problem also exists in the study of ancient history.
(Editor's note: So, the error continues to this day)
Mr. Ding Shan said in the book "Ancient Myths and Nationalities": Emperor Yan is a fire master, "The husband and then know that the fire master is the palm of the fire, and the palm of the fire is the mountain." Therefore, "Guan Zi LiZheng", the provincial official 'repair the fire constitution, respect the mountain Ze, Yu Shi's affairs also. 'Yu Lieshan Ze, so The Yan Emperor also has the name of the Lieshan Clan. But the Shang Shu Gao Tao Mo is called Yu Yun: "Emperor Yue, Yu! consult! benefit! Ru Zuo Yu. The Mencius Teng Wengong says, "Shun makes Yi palm fire, Yi Lie Shan Ze burns it, and the beast escapes." In this way, Bo Yi's palm of fire and the Mountain of Fire was united with the Emperor of the SpiritEd Mountain.
(Editor's note: In fact, "Boyi" is not a descendant of the Lieshan God YanDi.) Due to the mixture of Bo Yi and Bo Yi, the facts of the two people were also worn by Zhang Guanli)
The "On Balance" says: "Yu, Yi and The Flood are also controlled." The "Records of History" says: "Yu Naisui, Yi, and Hou Ji were ordered by the emperor to order the princes and the people, and the Xingren disciples to fu tu, to walk the mountains and tables, and to set the mountains and rivers." The "On Balance" and "Records of History" say that It is mainly Boyi who governs the water, or that Yu and Boyi and Houji line the mountain surface wood, and set the mountains and rivers. However, the Chinese Zhou Yu says: Yu Zhi Flood, "Gongzhi (Gong) from Sun Siyue (i.e., Boyi) Zuozhi, high and low, dredging the river, guiding stagnation." The "Records of History" says that Siyue (i.e., Boyi) "Zuo Yuping was very meritorious in water and soil." (In addition to the above "Records of History", "Chinese Zhou Yu", etc.) the literature (then) confuses The Boyi and Boyi of the Zuoyu Ruler are somewhat confused.
(Editor's note: The above "Four Mountains" are Boyi.) Zoyu ZhiShui Bo Yi, non Bo Yi)
Regarding the ancestors of Yin Qin, "History of the Qin Family" Yun: Qin Zhixian, Emperor Huan's Miao descendants of Sun Yue nuns, nuns of great cause, great cause of great deeds, great fees of great fees, great fees that is, Boyi, Shun's surname of Yingshi. However, the "Anthology" Ban Gu "Youtong Fu": "Win wei Yu Boyi Xi", and take the surname of Yin as after Boyi.
(Editor's note: 颛顼, Gao Yangshi, Dongyi people, associated with Boyi.) "The Miao descendants of the Miao dynasty are sun yue nuns, the nuns are great, the great cause of the great cause, the great fee is the big fee, the big fee is Boyi", Boyi is of course also a descendant of the Gaoyang clan of the Yi clan. "Shunshi (Dafei) surname Is Ying", because Dafei is Bo Yi, and in fact, Shi Bo Yi is Yin. Later, Boyi was again enfeoffed in Lüdi, and his descendants gave rise to the Lü clan, such as Jiang Taigong and his surname lü. According to the "Records of History", "Lü Shang's ancestor was Siyue, Zuo Yu had meritorious service in ruling the water, and when Yu belonged to Xia, he was enfeoffed by Lü, so because Lü Shangye was Lü Shangye"
If you give the Bo Yi clan, the Ying clan belongs to the (Western) ginger lineage, however, the Ying clan is actually the Yi clan. This is already an indisputable fact)
In addition, some scholars have examined that Gao Tao is Boyi. Mr. Tong Shuye (2) said in a discussion article on the Origin of the Five Elements Theory: "In the Shangxian, Yun: 'If the heavens are enabled by whom, who is?' '曰: 'If the former Yu, Ji, and Gao Tao' is also, the book of the first kings, "Lü Punishment", the Daozhi: "Nai name (fate) Three Queens Compassion for the people: Boyi descended the code, Zhemin only punishment; YuPing water and soil, the main name of the mountain and river; Jilong (descending) sowing, farming Jia Valley. After three successes, only false (Yin) was given to the people. According to this, it is Gao Tao, that is, Boyi ye. Mr. Yang Kuan (3) quoted the "Lü Punishment" "Boyi Descending, Folding the People's Punishment" and "Huainanzi" "The ancient Gao Tao is dark and Dali, and there is no torture in the world" after saying: "The function of this certificate can be known that Boyi and Gao Tao are one god." Therefore, his conclusion is that "Xu You is Boyi, that is, Gao Tao, which is both proof; then Boyi is also Gao Tao." ”
(Editor's note: This not only confuses Boyi with Boyi, but also confuses Boyi (Boyi) with Gao Tao, which is even more chaotic.) In fact, this Boyi should be Boyi, gao tao is the father of Boyi, and he is also a person of the Shun period. There is also Kong Yingda's view at the bottom of this article)
But Gao Tao Yan's surname, "Imperial Century" said: "Gao Tao was born in Qufu. Qufu( 衢阜, Yandi), was given the surname Yan (曰偃) because of this. "Yan surname, after Shaogao." Boyi, win surname, "Shuowen": "Win, the surname of Emperor Shaogao is also." "After Yan and Win are both Shaogao, Yan and Win are a turn of the voice." Gao Tao and Boyi have the same surname, and are both descendants of Shaogao, so Kong Yingda (4) "Shang Shu Zhengyi" said: "Yi, Gao Tao Zi also." ”
If Boyi is Gao Tao, Boyi is the surname of Jiang, the person of the West, gao Tao is the surname of Yan, the clan of the East; Boyi is the Empress of Yan, and Gao Tao is the Queen of Shaogao. If Boyi is Boyi and Boyi is Gao Taozi, there are too many contradictions in the middle, and the relationship is difficult to straighten out. But as Mr. Yang Kuan (3) said: "The confusion between the legends of Gaigao Tao, Boyi and Boyi has an old origin." This confusion had its objective necessity in ancient times. In the era of the Five Emperors, according to the current literature and archaeological data, there was no mature writing system, and the inheritance of legends and stories relied on oral transmission, that is, relying on "sound" rather than "text". In this context, "Boyi" and "Boyi", because of the same sound, the confusion of the deeds of the two (and the two) is inevitable. As Mr. Yang Kuan said: "The ancestors of the Eastern peoples of Boyiben are or are Boyi, and the "History of the Road" is also known as Boyi in the choking of the Classic of Mountains and Seas." Gaiyi, Feng, choking are close to Yiyin. The ancestor of the Western Qiang people, Boyi..., is absolutely different from the bird god of Boyi (Dongyi uses birds as totems), but is confused by the proximity of the sound. ”
Because Boyi and Boyi sound the same, in the era of oral transmission of myths and legends, the two were confused. This is an important reason for the mixing of Boyi and Boyi, but not all of them. Due to the many changes in time and space, there are more complex backgrounds and origins for the two, such as "co-work":
The Classic of Mountains and Seas and the Classic of Hai Nei says: "The wife of Emperor Yan,...... Happy birthday. I wish that Rong Rong is in the river, and the life and co-work. ...... Co-workers are born after the soil, and after the native choke. From this, it can be seen that gonggong is the empress dowager of the Yan Dynasty, surnamed Jiang. Gonggong from Sun for choking, choking is Bo Yi. But the "Zuo Biography" says: "The Shaogao clan has no talent,...... The people of the world are called poor. The "Zuo Chuan" says that the poor and strange xingyun: "Jing Qi Yong Hui"; the "Yao Dian" says that the practice of co-work is cloudy: "Quiet words are mediocrity". The matter is the same, knowing that the poor qi is working together, so Du Pre (5) notes that the poor qi "is co-working". There is a contradiction in the records of the two documents, according to the "Classic of Mountains and Seas", Gonggong is the Empress Yan, surnamed Jiang, and the Xiqiang people; according to the "Zuo Chuan", Gonggong is Shaogao, his surname or win surname, Dongyi people.
For example, "Four Ridges":
The Chinese Zhou Yu (Chinese Zhou Yu) says: "Gonggong from Sun Si Ling Zuozhi", (Editor's note: Zuo Si Ling Guo, ordered to hou Bo, given the surname of Jiang, the surname of Yue Jiang, the surname of Lü - editor) Here the co-workers from Sun Si Ling, that is, Boyi, regard Boyi and Si Ling as one person. Mr. Chen Yu (6): "Boyi and Siyi, or think of one person, or think of two people, or think of Boyi as the family of the four ridges, or think of the father of the four ridges, and the dispute is inconclusive." However, there is a certain point in the controversy that Boyi and Siyi are all surnamed Jiang, that is, "Chinese • Zheng Language": "Jiang, after Boyi", "Chinese • Zhou Language": "Zuo Si LingGuo, ordered hou Bo, given the surname of Jiang." And Jiang, the Western Qiang species also, as Mr. Gu Jiegang (7) said: "Jiang zhi and Qiang, its words are of the same origin, the other species cover with sheep as a totem, so in the surname for Jiang, in the seed for Qiang." ”
(Editor's note: Because of the confusion between Bo Yi and Bo Yi, and mixing the affairs of the two people with them, it is chaos and chaos.) For example, the "Chinese Zhou Yu" said: "Zuo Si Ling Guo, ordered hou Bo, given the surname of Jiang, the surname of Youlu." This "four ridges" are Boyi, that is, giving Boyi the surname of Jiang, not giving the surname of Boyi. Please note that --- refers to the "jiang surname" in this context, not the traditional original jiang surname. If it is Boyi here, there is no need to "give the surname Jiang", because Boyi is originally the original Surname of Jiang. Therefore, in the above article, "Ginger, after Boyi also" should refer to: "Ginger, after Boyi also". And because, if it is the Surname of Boyi' Jiang, then Boyi is a descendant of the Surname of Jiang. If it is the Jiang surname of Boyi, then this Jiang surname can be a descendant of Boyi. Therefore, the Jiang surname of Boyi, a descendant of the Shennong clan, is the original surname, which should be called Jiang "surname". The surname of Jiang Taigong's ancestor Boyi was a small surname that was later given, and should be called Jiang "clan". Therefore, the "ginger" of Boyi is the "surname" of jiang derived from the "surname")
These contradictions in the literature are caused by a variety of reasons, one of the important reasons (in addition to the above) is the migration and integration of clans and tribes. For example, Emperor Yan, Surname of Yandi Jiang, "Shuowen": "Qiang, Xi Rong, shepherd people also." Mr. Wang Xiantang (8) said: "The family of the Yan Emperor shepherding sheep, the original name of the sheep, the sheep is also Qiang, or the book sheep is Qiang." "Yandi originated from the West," the Yangshao culture Banpo type should be Yandi culture, and the Yandi tribe should originate from the Weishui River Basin in the west. (Wang Xiansheng (9): Archaeological Research on the Yanhuang War, p. 7, excerpted from the Internet) But after the Yanhuang War, this clan tribe continued to move east, "Imperial Century" Yun: "Emperor Yan has been camping since Chen in Luqufu. The Dongyi people also continued to advance westward, and the Fifth Century of the Emperor also said: "The emperor was poor at the beginning of the city, and migrated to Shangqiu (帝丘, present-day Puyang)." Poor Sang in Lubei. "After that, it is the continuous integration of the Yanhuang and Huang ethnic groups, and an important way of integration is marriage. Shi Zai: The Fourth Concubine of Emperor Zhao, Chang Yue Jiang Yuan. Emperor Zhao, chief of Dongyi, Jiang Yuan, Yandi Emperor ethnic group. "Changyi marries Turbid Mountain, Zhao Yan marries Zou Tu, Old Boy marries Genmu, Xia Yu marries Tu Shan, all of whom are of Yan descent." "The Yan and Huang clans of the dim (marriage) are both tong, and the most ingenious and effective technique of subduing the Yan Emperor clan is to use the concubines of the Yan people to rule the land. ...... He sealed the lands with his own relatives, ruled them, and monitored them, so that they could not rebel, could not rebel. In this way, after the Yanhuang War, the Yan and Huang ethnic groups were intricately intertwined. Emperor Yan's descendants Ju, Boling, and Zhu Yong became emperors of the Yellow Emperor. Moreover, the same official position, sometimes the Yan Emperor, sometimes the Yellow Emperor, such as "The Old Boy born of the Old Boy, the Old Boy Born of Zhu Rong" ("Shan Hai Jing • The Great Wild West Classic"), but the "Hai Nei Jing" also contains: Yan Emperor's wife born Yan Ju, Yan Ju Sheng Festival, Festival and Drama Instrument, Drama Instrument Birth Zhu Rong. It shows that both the Yellow Emperor and the Yan Emperor had served in the post of Huo Zheng Zhu Rong. Such records are prone to confusion in later generations. (Author; Li Feng completed on 2018/12/2)
(Editor's note: "... He sealed the lands with his own relatives, ruled them, and monitored them, so that they could not rebel, could not rebel. "This is obviously a descendant born of a marriage. Therefore, it is not unreasonable for the "Records of History" to say that emperor (of the Yi family) and emperor Zhao were (surnamed Ji) of the Yellow Emperor lineage. The fusion of the Yandi, Huangdi and Dongyi clans is the annexation of the ethnic group, and the second is the marriage relationship after the annexation of the ethnic group, especially the sons born of marriage, which is easier to include the descendants of the two surname families, that is, the matrilineal ancestor and the patrilineal ancestor. According to historical records, the descendants of the Yellow Emperor of the Ji surname also have the Gaoyang and Gaoxin clans of the Dongyi clan who succeed to the throne, which may be a mixture of maternal ancestors and patrilineal ancestors. For example, the inheritance relationship between the upper and lower lords of Yan and Huang Central is not all obvious paternal relationships of paternal ancestors, but the maternal ancestors and patrilineal blood relations are born of marriage, which can be the descendants of the two clans respectively)
exegesis:
Ding Shan: Ancient Myths and Nationalities, p. 395, The Commercial Press, 2005.
A Collection of Criticisms on the History of the Children's Book Industry, p. 616, Zhonghua Bookstore, 2005.
Yang Kuan: Introduction to Ancient Chinese History, pp. 247, 248, Shanghai People's Publishing House, 2016.
Ibid., p. 282.
Chen Yu: "Spring and Autumn Timeline of the Names of The Lords of the Nations and the Existence and Extinction of the Differences", p. 816, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 2009.
Gu Jiegang: Miscellaneous Knowledge of Shi Lin, p. 36, Zhonghua Bookstore, 1963.
Wang Xiantang: Yanhuang Clan Culture, p. 45, Qilu Book Society, 1985.
Wang Xiantang: Yanhuang Clan Culture, p. 53, Qilu Book Society, 1985 edition.
Material 2: Bo Yi, who helped Dayu zhishui (successful), was named a candidate for Tianzi, but led to the demise of Dongyi culture. Lan Sheng Talk World2019-10-18 21:13
(Editor's note: The Boyi Dongyi people actually integrated the Dongyi culture and formed the later Chinese culture.) According to recent archaeological research, the Chinese dragon and phoenix cultures originally originated from the Dongyi clan)
Boyi, also known as Bo Yi (伯翳), Huayi (化益), Bai Yi (柏翳), was the leader of Dongyi during the reign of Dayu.
The reason why he was called Dafei was because his fiefdom was in Philadelphia, and Philadelphia was very close to Shao Hao's ruling area, which showed that Bo Yi was also a leader trained by Dongyi. During this period, the Central Plains culture, which was dominated by the Huaxia ethnic group, gradually became dominant, and the surrounding ethnic groups were gradually in a subordinate position, but despite this, Dongyi still had a strength that could not be underestimated under the leadership of Boyi.
What is Bo Yi's origin?
The "History of Qin Benji" records: "Before Qin, Emperor Huan miao descendants sun Yue female. Female weaving, bird eggs, female swallowing, giving birth to children. Daye took (married) the son of Shaodian and was known as Nuhua. Female Watson fee. With Yuping water and soil. It has been done, Emperor Xi Xuangui. Yu Yu said: "If you can't do it, you can also spend a lot of money to supplement it." Di Shun: "Shu Er Fei, Zan Yu Gong, its Shi Er Soap Tour." Then the heirs will be great. 'She is the jade daughter of the wife's Yao surname. Da Fei Bai received, Zuo Shun tamed birds and beasts, birds and beasts were tamed, and it was for Bai Feng. Shun's surname is Yin. ”
(Editor's note: "The great cause of giving birth to a son" and "the son of a young canon" refers to both the birth of a man and a woman in ancient Chinese.) According to the above records, it can be said that Bo Yi's life looks very complicated, he has both the blood of the Yellow Emperor family, the blood of the Dongyi family, and finally the blood of the Shaodian family. This is only the case of inter-ethnic annexation and subsequent inter-ethnic marriages, especially treacherous relations. The marriage relationship, including the marriage relationship between the man and the woman, is a matter between two clans, and both the descendants of the resulting descendants understand it, so it is recognized that a successor can be selected from his clan. But their off-married descendants are still different from the father-son relationship of the obvious patrilineal ancestors, otherwise there would be no later Yu Chuanzi Qi, and there are two reasons for the emergence of fathers and sons, one is that they have enough private wealth, and the other is the emergence of the marriage system. Otherwise, there would be no "Da Yu Zhi Shui three times through the door and not enter", because there is a wife in the family. However, some historical books also record that during the reign of Dayu, a son was born outside, indicating that the marriage system still exists.
"Great Fei Bai accepted, Zuo Shun trained birds and beasts", which means: Bo Yi Bai accepted this position and helped Shun manage the Dongyi and Yanhuang tribesmen. Bird refers to the Dongyi people, and the beast refers to the Yanhuang people)
Why do you say this, just because of the phrase "Bird Meteor Egg". The bird in the ancient text can be understood as a swallow, but in many occasions it refers to the sacred bird phoenix, and the sacred bird phoenix is the highest totem worship of the Dongyi tribe with the bird as the totem.
The female daughter of the Yellow Emperor clan became pregnant and gave birth to a child because of dongyi's totem, which shows that the Huaxia and Dongyi ethnic groups have undergone a huge fusion after the first war between Xuanyou and the Yellow Emperor, but the Dongyi people still well retain their own ethnic culture, and have a profound impact on the Huaxia people, which naturally includes intermarriage.
(Editor's note: "The Yellow Emperor and the married daughter of the Huangyi clan became pregnant and gave birth to a child because of Dongyi's 'totem" This is most likely the Dongyi people who married the Yellow Emperor's daughter and gave birth to a child, and the son born is still in the Yellow Emperor clan)
It can be said that Boyi also has the excellent cultural genes of the three ethnic groups because of the blood of the three excellent nationalities. The biggest influence on him was the advanced Dongyi culture.
By the time Dayu came to power, Yu's son Qi secretly accumulated strength and eventually seized the Tianzi throne, opening up the family world, followed by the tragic fate of Boyi and the Dongyi clan.
The "Chronicle of History and Xia Benji" records: "Although Yu Beng was granted benefits, the benefits of Yu Yu were shallow, and the world was not in harmony, so all the princes went to benefit and went to Qi. ”
This statement is very unconvincing, as a Dongyi person to enter the central rule of the Central Plains, this alone is enough to show Boyi's merits, virtues and prestige, the "Nichiasa" theory is not valid at all, this is just a cover for orthodox historians to seize the throne.
(Editor's note: Yu Zhi Shui, Yi Zuo Zhi was ordered by Shun, indicating that the merits of Yi zhi had been offered in Shun's time, "and Yu Beng, although granted benefits..." should also have the meaning of Shun, so Yu has already granted the status to Boyi after his death, that is: "and Yu Beng, although granted benefits")
Bo Yi only lost the status that should have belonged to him in the "Records of History", but the record of the "Ancient Bamboo Book Chronicle • Xia Ji" is completely different: "Yigan opened the throne, and killed him." "The first half of this account is wrong and the second half is correct." Yigan Qi", one said, is not in line with the ancient system, let alone the history of word of mouth.
Guo Moruo (10) translated a passage from the Chu Ci Tianwen: "Xia Qi replaced Boyi as king, and finally killed Boyi, from the frustrated situation, why can Qi turn to pride?" Without the conquest, with the Zen concession, why did Bo Yi fail, Xia Yu Fanchang? ”
Obviously, Qu Yuan was very dissatisfied with Kai's approach, which means that Bo Yi was eventually killed by Kai, rather than the usual "avoidance of zen position".
Therefore, it should be "qigan yi position" instead of "yi gan qi position". After Bo Yi's defeat in the struggle with Qi, the Dongyi clan was also in danger.
The Ancient Bamboo Book Chronicle of the Xia Dynasty mentions many times the wars waged by the Xia Dynasty against the Dongyi people, which eventually led to the disintegration of the Dongyi people and the decline of the Dongyi culture.
(Editor's note: The Dongyi clans began to migrate northeast, northwest, Huguang and southwest through Hebei.) There are also many Dongyi clans that remain in Shandong)
If the ancient Chinese civilization lacked the addition and supplement of the Dongyi culture, it must be a congenitally stunted cultural system, and even if it could go long, it would not be as brilliant as it was.
As early as before the Yellow Emperor, Dongyi culture had profoundly influenced the Huaxia ethnic group, and there was a possibility and opportunity for great ethnic integration.
Since the Yellow Emperor and the Great War of Xuan you, the advanced technology of the Dongyi people in all aspects has been further spread to the Central Plains, and the further spread of Dongyi culture has enabled the relatively backward Huaxia people to achieve greater achievements in historical development. The Central Plains forces also further expanded to the eastern region, which laid a solid foundation for future reunification. It can be said that the East-West War between the Yellow Emperor and Xuan You was a huge milestone in China's march toward reunification and the driving force behind the eventual formation of Chinese civilization.
During the Boyi period, although dongyi's power gradually lagged behind the Huaxia, they were still ahead of the Huaxia in farming and animal husbandry, so he once again acted as a cultural propaganda ambassador, spreading the higher level of rice culture technology to more places. The contribution of the Dongyi people to China's agricultural civilization is indispensable.
The great unification of the descendants of Dongyi --- the Qin State has set the tone for China's unity, stability, and development, and after the Qin Dynasty, No matter how chaotic China is, it will eventually be united and culturally prosperous.
Not only that, the character of the Dongyi people has also deeply affected the development process of the Chinese nation, Taihao's broad wisdom, Xuan You's strong and courageous martial arts, Shaohao's Shoucheng pioneering, Boyi's painstaking efforts, these are not only their personal charm, but also the representative and concentrated embodiment of the National Character of the Dongyi people.
These excellent qualities were finally absorbed and integrated by the Huaxia ethnic group, thus forming a national character of being tough and soft in order to Chinese, and striving to forge ahead.
Material 3: Allusions and classifications related to Boyi: 2017.09.12
Bo Yi and Shu Qi Tse wei allusions
Bo Yi, Shu Qi is the two sons of Gu Zhujun, and his father wants to make the third son Shu Qi the monarch. After Gu Zhujun's death, Shu Qi wanted to zen Bo Yi, and Bo Yi said, "This is the father's destiny." So he fled. Shu Qi also refused to succeed to the throne and escaped. The people had no choice but to set up the throne of the second son of the Lone Bamboo King. Bo Yi and Shu Qi heard that Xi Bochang was happy to support the elderly, so they defected to him. No, Xi Bochang was already dead, Bo Yi and Shu Qi arrived there, it was Xi Bochang's son King Wu who would cut the Eastern Expedition to Yin, Bo Yi and Shu Qi pulled the reins of King Wu's horse to stop it, saying: "Father is not buried when he dies, but he and Gango can be described as filial piety? Is it benevolent to kill the king? King Wu's entourage came forward to kill them, and Taigong Lü Shang immediately stepped forward to stop them, saying, "This righteous man is also." "And help them away." King Wu pacified shang, and the world submitted to the Zhou Dynasty. However, Bo Yi and Shu Qi regarded this as a disgrace, still adhered to the integrity, did not eat the grain of the Zhou Dynasty, lived in seclusion in shouyang mountain, starved by collecting wild vegetable worms (chong), and wrote a song before dying, saying: "Dengpi Xi Mountain Xi, Cai Qiwei Yi." Violence is easy to be violent, and I don't know what it is. Shen Nong, Yu, Xia Shu Yan is not xi, I am safe and sound? With the mourning of life, the mourning of fate. ”
(Editor's note: In the above "Records of History" volume 61 "Boyi Liechuan No. 1": There is also a record of Jiang Taigong and Boyi as contemporaries. Such as: "... Bo Yi and Shu Qi prostrated themselves on the horse and said, "If the father dies and is not buried, can he be filial piety?" Left and right want to fight. Tai Gong said: 'This righteous man also.' Help it away. Moreover, the records of the "Chronicle of History" are also in line with those of the superior, and the meaning is not bad at all. It is enough to prove that Jiang Taigong and Bo Yi are contemporaries, and Bo Yi is not the ancestor of Jiang Taigong. ）
Bo Yi (born and died unknown), a native of the Lone bamboo state of the late Shang Dynasty (in present-day Lulongxi, Hebei), the eldest son of Ya Wei, the seventh monarch of the Lone Bamboo State at the end of the Shang Dynasty, was the younger brother Ya Ping and Shu Qi. The son's surname, name Yun, is a descendant of the Yin Shang period. In the beginning, Gu Zhujun wanted to take his third son Shu Qi as his heir, and his father was dead, and Shu Qi gave way to Boyi. Bo Yi thought that he had rebelled against his father's orders and fled, but Shu Qi refused to stand and fled. Bo Yi and Shu Qi rushed to the west, aged in the Zhou tribe, and had a good relationship with King Wen of Zhou. Later King Wu of Zhou rebelled against King Wu, and Bo Yi and Shu Qi were dissatisfied with King Wu's status as a vassal of the monarch, plus he was a shang vassal in his own life. King Wu did not listen, and soon Zhou destroyed the Shang Dynasty.
(Editor's note: The above shows that this Boyi is not Boyi, but a descendant of the Emperor Jiang of the Earth (big surname) without compromise, and is a contemporary of Jiang Taigong at the end of the Shang Dynasty and the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty. It is not a descendant of Jiang who was given a (small surname) by the ancestor of Jiang Taigong. ）
Material four: Jiang Taigong introduction Science and technology new film and television2019-05-21 12:23
Jiang Shang, ziya, or honorific title Ziya, its ancestor Boyi (Editor's note: mixed again, this should be Boyi) was sealed in Lü, (descendants) people took (Lü Guozhi Lü) as their clan, so they were also called Lü Shang. History says he was "born precocious and foresees the future." Since childhood, he likes to learn the Tao and cultivate rituals, and draw battles and battles.
Material 5: There are 14 descendants of Bo Yi
During the (Shun, Xia Yu) period, Boyi was enfeoffed in Lü, and the 14 branches were: Xu, Tan, Ju, Zhongli, Yun, Qiu, Liang, Huang, Jiang, Xiuyu, Bai, Lian, Qin, and Zhao, collectively known as the Fourteen Clans of Ying, scattered throughout the country.
(Editor's note: During the Shun and Xia Yu periods, the 14 clans of Boyi at this time were not related to Jiang and Lü, because these 14 clans were directly divided into 14 branches from Boyi, and the Lü and Jiang clans were descendants of Boyi. At this time, "Boyi" and the later "Boyi" in the jiang taigong period were two people, boyi and jiang taigong were contemporaries, and Jiang Taigong also saved the Boyi brothers. Therefore, It is impossible for Jiang Taigong to be a descendant of Boyi, and it is certain that Bo Yi is the ancestor of Jiang Taigong. Because Boyi was fiefed in Lü, Taigong Jiang was also surnamed Lü, and Boyi and Jiang Taigong were both from The East China Sea, Shandong. And where did Jiang Taigong's surname Jiang come from? Or because of the annexation of the Yan, Huang, and Dongyi clans, intermarriage and "marriage" and the mixing of ethnic groups, the surname of Boyi Jiang was given. Therefore, it can be said that Jiang, a descendant of Emperor Yan (given a surname), should also be a descendant of the Dongyi lineage, that is, the Gaoyang clan and the Gao Xin clan of Dongyi... etc., can also be said to be descendants of the Yellow Emperor. Before the Great Wars of Yan, Huang, and Xuan you, Xuan You had claimed to be surnamed Shennong. At that time, which clan ruled the whole country, the clan that was led was called subordinate. In particular, the marriage between the "upper classes" and "marriages" confuse the blood of ethnic groups, and at the same time, the inheritance of Chinese history and culture with mixed cultures has also occurred. In particular, there are also historical facts about the ancestor of the Taigong, Boyi Jiang.
Regarding surnames and surnames, in principle, many surnames are produced after surnames. At that time, there were also cases of different surnames and different surnames in the same ethnic group, and there were also cases of different surnames of the same surname)
Material 6: Qi Danqing, editor-in-chief of Prehistory, Xia, Shang, and Western Zhou
Boyi Zuojing: Boyi, also known in ancient books as Boyi, Baiyi, Baiyi or Boyi (an alias of the phoenix), surname Dafei or name Dafei (i.e., Boyi), Dongyi people. His father, Gao Tao, was Also Known as Yu Shun's xianchen magistrate Gao Tao, and both father and son were Yu Shun's courtiers.
(Editor's note: The book correctly states that Bo Yi is a Dongyi and Gao Tao is his father.) This view of the former material author Li Feng is also correct)
Material 7: Emperor Shennong (Tang Dynasty Portrait)
(Editor's note: The portrait of the leader of the Shennong clan painted during the Tang Dynasty shows that in the period of the Emperor Shennong clan or the matrilineal clan society period, the matrilineal clan society was a marriage system, and the marriage system continued until the late Yellow Emperor period, and even to the Xia Yu period, there was still a partial existence, such as the relationship between the Yellow Emperor clan and the Gaoyang clan and the Gaoxin clan of the Dongyi clan. The Emperor Shennong clan is still a matrilineal society, and later the Yandi Shennong clan and the Ji surname Huangdi Xuanyuan clan are all the names of the clans, of which the "emperor" leaders of the later Yandi Shennong clan and the Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan clan are already male, and they all have several generations, but the inheritance is not necessarily a father-son relationship. Marriage relations, especially marriage relations, made the Yellow Emperor, Yandi and Dongyi tribes have mixed blood relations in the early days. The leader of the "emperor" (such as the three emperors) is female, and the leader of the "emperor" (such as the five emperors) is already male. Qin Shi Huang gave himself the name "Emperor".
According to the investigation, Emperor Yan passed on the tenth generation within the scope of the Shennong clan of Jiang, the first YanDi was called Shi Nian, and the tenth YanDi was called Yu Yi or Yu. The Yellow Emperor passed down the fifteenth in the range of the Ji surname Xuanyuan, the first Yellow Emperor was called Mang, called Ji Mang, the fifteenth Yellow Emperor was called Qi, and then it was Huan, Zhao, Yao, Shun, and so on. In addition, the article "Shaohao, Gaoyang, Gaoxin, Tao Tang, and Youyu Clans Originally Lived in Present-day Shandong Kao" in the Guanzi Journal believes that "those who became 'emperors' after the Yellow Emperor were in turn The Emperor, Zhao, Yao, and Shun, and belonged to the Gaoyang clan, the Gao Xin clan, the Tao Tang clan, and the Youyu clan, which are generally credible", and they all entered the clan alliance as the suzerain "state", that is, according to the clan leader, that is, the early slave state. However, the replacement of The Lord, the Lord, the Yao, and the Shun was not a direct handover between individuals, but was agreed upon by the clan chiefs of the clan alliance. According to Kong Yingda's citation of the Spring and Autumn Chronicles, "Shennong Chuan VIII, Yellow Emperor Chuan X, Huang Di Chuan IX, Gao Xin Chuan X, it can be seen that their transshipment actually shows that there is more inheritance within one clan in the clan alliance, and once the suzerainty between the clans is transferred" It is not calm. This is also basically consistent with the "Bamboo Book Chronicle" cloud "Yellow Emperor to Yu, for the thirty years of the world".
According to historical records, after the Yellow Emperor, there seems to be a Shaohao clan before the Yellow Emperor who was once the "overlord of the princes", and the Spring and Autumn Fate Calendar is known as "Shaohao Chuan VIII". Although Shao Hao passed on the eighth generation between the Yellow Emperor and the Emperor, the "Records of History" still connects the Yellow Emperor and the Emperor, which may be the reason why Shao Hao was not included in the Five Emperors. Clan leaders and clan alliance leaders cannot be equated, for example, the Shennong clan has been said to have passed on the 10th generation, and there are also said to have been passed on to the 8th generation, and it is possible that the first two generations were still "clan leaders" and not "clan alliance leaders". Another example: it is said that the Yellow Emperor passed on the 15th and the 10th generation, and the 15th generation said that it may also be the former 5th generation or the clan leader, starting from the 6th (the 6th Yellow Emperor defeated the 10th Yan Emperor Qi) to the 15th generation is the leader of the clan alliance. That is to say: the Yanhuang War was fought between the 6th Yellow Emperor and the 10th Yandi.
In addition to the transfer of power by Yanhuang Dongyi after the war, it also shows that the transfer of suzerainty between the various clans in the clan alliance was also not peaceful, such as: (1) The 15th Yellow Emperor Qi was first imprisoned and then killed by the GaoXin clan. (2) The Year of the Bamboo Secretary notes: "... The first Marquis of Xin, the Prince of Gaoyang", that is, not necessarily the Emperor gaoyang, may be the Gaoyang clan after the emperor, or the emperor is the "clan leader" rather than the "clan alliance leader". The Gaoyang clan and the Gao Xin clan are both Dongyi clans, so they can calmly transfer power. However, between the Gaoyang clan and the Gao Xin clan and the Yellow Emperor clan leader Qi Haoci, it was a cross-clan transfer of power. (3) The Ancient Bamboo Book also records that "Shun imprisoned Yao in Pingyang and took the throne", and the Bamboo Book also said: "Yao De declined, and was imprisoned by Shun". (4) The Mencius Ten Thousand Chapters also says: "Yu Recommends Benefits from Heaven, Seven Years, Yu Collapse." After three years of mourning, The son of Yi Shuyu was in the yin of Jishan Mountain...". This means that Xia Yu recommended that The Dongyi chief Boyi take over, Yu died, and the three-year mourning period was completed, and Boyi feared that Yu's son Qi would take refuge in Shanyin, and during the three-year mourning period, Bo Yi should have taken over. Eventually, it developed into the later Kai to seize the throne of Boyi, who was killed, and thus began the family world of father and son. The above shows that during this period, the power transfer between the clans in the clan alliance between the clans in the clan alliance was often unstable.
To sum up: 1, Yan, Huang, Dongyi through the matrilineal society, the upper class has been integrated and entered the patrilineal society of the wife system; 2, in the embryonic period of the country, the transfer of suzerainty status is mainly inherited in one of the clan alliances, once in the clan alliance of his clan to determine the suzerainty, it is easy to cause turmoil; 3, the early generation, integration, development, and migration of the Gaoyi people (Gao clan) and the Gao surname people at that time are also inseparable from this specific historical background)
Based on the above analysis, the five major origins of the gao surname are as follows (to be continued)
Dongyi character painting relics • Shandong Rizhao Tiantai Mountain