"The Biography of the Painter" ~ 278
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="3" > said "Buddha is not an idle man", the world is only because there are too many idle people, so that the family is not cured! </h1>
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Text/Lu Xiuhui
Jia Ren (1612-1692), Qing painter. His original surname was Liu, and he was ordained as a monk with the name of JieZhuan (髡残), zi Jieqiu (字介丘), stony brook, Shi Daoren (石道人), Shixi Daoist (石道人), and (尚溪道人), a remnant Daoist (残道人), and an electric Taoist( residential Daoist). A native of Wuling, Huguang (present-day Changde, Hunan).
When he was born, his mother dreamed of a monk stepping into her room. When he was a little older, he knew this story, and he decided that he was a former monk, and he often thought of making this wish. When he was a teenager, while reading the scriptures and seeking karma, he also liked to talk about Buddhism and taoism, learn to write and paint. At that time, there was a Confucian student in the township, named Dragon Hanan, who was also a person who devoted himself to meditation, and was surprised to see that he had a strong interest in buddhism at a young age, and became a friend with him. There is a poem "Ancient Meaning", poem Yun:
The fistula is at the top of the eyebrows, and there are few acquaintances.
Buried bones are easy to water, and the soul of a chivalrous soldier is difficult to move.
The physical nature cannot be violated, and it must be painted and glue.
Often hate the soldiers do not meet, the white head is empty.
In the third year of Ming Chongzhen (1630), when he was nineteen years old, his parents ordered him to marry, but he insisted on not complying, "those who came to discuss marriage, the master scolded him", in today's words, there was a serious problem with sexual orientation, and thus caused fierce rebellion, since then, the disabled have given up the business of raising children, and his character has begun to emerge here. He had a heart for the Buddha, but he was trapped by his family and could not get out of it, so he kept chanting the Buddha at home.
In the eleventh year of Chongzhen (1638), when he was twenty-seven years old, one day, his brother who was crippled bought him a felt towel to keep him cold, and the beard was worn on the head, and he repeatedly looked at it in the mirror, and suddenly, he cried loudly, held up the felt towel, and cut his hair, "The blood flowed on the face, and he knelt in front of his father's bed, thanking him for not filial piety." The Father knew that his will was strong, and he had already done so, so he obeyed it. Mr. Long was overjoyed and said, "This is a big deal, and it should not be taken lightly." 'Teach today to see the head of the conversation, there is a provincial benefit, today travel to Jiangnan to participate in the study. "The bearded remnant went out of the house, "Tou Long Sansan (i.e. Dragon Half An) Family Nunnery.".
Long Han'an suggested that The Remnant cloud travel in all directions, broaden his knowledge, increase his knowledge, and cultivate his enlightenment, and the remnant followed his advice and traveled to Nanjing. When the two of them met an old monk in Nanjing, the two exchanged, and their renunciation and mental journey were almost indistinguishable. The old monk informed the remnant that he had received the shaving of Master Yunqi, but the master had passed away, so the remnant invited the statue of Master Yunqi to be offered to him in the room and worshipped incense as a teacher. The old monk gave the apprenticeship to the master and named the remnant Zhiguo. After returning to Hunan, he lived on the Yuxian Creek in Taoyuan and painstakingly studied Zen under the supervision of Long Han'an. He has a poem "Heavy Yu SongTao An", poem Yun:
Hagi flowers smoke from the village,
Autumn water firewood gate half twilight.
Why don't you mean that I will repeat the old,
Ye Zhou crossed the goose in front of the sound.
In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), after the death of the Ming Dynasty, the Qing soldiers marched south, and the Southern Ming heavy minister He Tengjiao resisted the Qing army, and the calvary also participated. With He Tengjiao retreated to Guangxi and defended Jeonju. Participated in the great counter-offensive in 1648 and recovered most of Hunan until the defeat of the army, the remnants hid in Taoyuan to avoid military disasters, and experienced hardships in the mountains. In the eleventh year of Qing Shunzhi (1654), at the age of forty-three, he traveled to Nanjing again, successively living in the Dabao'en Temple, Qixia Temple and Tianlong Ancient Temple in seongnam, and spent the longest time at the Youqi Temple on Niushouzutang Mountain, a total of more than ten years until his death. He was the abbot of Nanjing Dabao'en Temple and Qixia Temple, and the Langcan people were very important to him, and the Bao'en Temple's main school magazine "Great Tibetan Classic" was established as a Tibetan society, presided over by Songying Shangren, and The Shahuan and Lushan monk Dao Shaoxuezang and others served as school magazines in the Tibetan society, and later because Songying Shangren went to Chu, The Disabled took charge of his affairs.
During his stay in Nanjing, he and Xiong Kaiyuan were good friends, and the two were both fellow countrymen and similar in temperament, so they became friends. Xiong Kaiyuan was a mingqi yi ugly (1625) jinshi, with a straight disposition, during the Chongzhen years, he was tragically killed by the court staff, almost killed in prison, and later sent to Hangzhou. In 1645, King Mingfu of Nanming ascended the throne in Nanjing and summoned Xiong Kaiyuan to be the original official, but he was worried about Ding Mu. During the Reign of Tang, he was successively promoted to be a scholar of the Eastern Pavilion university and begged to return.
Xiong Kaiyuan invited a friend to visit Zhongshan for the first time, but he refused to go. When Xiong Kaiyuan returned, Jia Yan asked him, "How did you perform your rituals in Xiaoling today?" Xiong Kaiyuan replied casually, "Why do I have to perform rituals?" In the way of the Buddha, the king worships it, and the king does not worship it. The crippled man was furious, and the scolding voice refused to stop. Until the next day, when Kaiyuan came to apologize to The Cruel, the Cruel Man said, "You will confess your mistake to me, and you will still go to Xiaoling to prostrate your head and repent." "The bearded man is angry with his friend, because in his heart, the shame of death is the greatest hidden pain, and he always remembers that he is a descendant of Daming. His inscription on the "Map of Bao'en Temple" shows his mentality: "Shi Bald: Buddha is not an idle man, and even a bodhisattva, a holy emperor, a Ming king, a lao, a Zhuang, and a Confucius are not idle people." The world is only because there are too many idle people, so that the family is not ruled, the country is not ruled, and the jungle is not ruled. "Yi" said: "Tianxingjian, a gentleman who strives for self-improvement." 'Gein is a useful thing, and he has destroyed the dirty and dirty people who have come to him, so why not abandon himself?' He was weak and sickly, but he went to the southern and northern erjing 13 times to visit the Ming Emperor's mausoleum. Not only did he always present himself as a relic of the Ming Dynasty, but he also demanded that his friends do the same. So, he said, "Buddha is not an idle man."
When he was in Nanjing, in addition to interacting with Buddhist disciples, he also interacted with Gu Yanwu, Qian Qianyi, Zhang Yi and others, and sang poems to each other. At this time, his painting studies were also quite accomplished, and he became a family of his own, and was respected by Zhou Lianggong, Gong Xian, Chen Shu, Cheng Zhengyi and others, which made him have a high status in the Buddhist circles and literary and artistic circles in Nanjing at that time. Among his friends, the most similar is Cheng Zhengyi. After Cheng Zheng entered the Qing Dynasty, he was deposed in the fourteenth year of Qing Shunzhi (1657) and returned to Nanjing the following year to live. Bao'en Temple presided over the last fair fundraising to repair the temple, and Cheng Zhengyi was the largest benefactor and participated in the organization of fundraising activities. At that time, The Remnant was stationed in Xi at the Dabao'en Temple, participating in the engraving of the Great Tibetan Scriptures, so he intersected with Cheng Zhengyi. Cheng Zhengbei numbered Qingxi Daoren, Qingxi Old Man, Qingxi Old History, And Shixi, which was revered by the people of the time as "Erxi." Cheng Zhengyi was 8 years old and a fellow villager in Huguang, so "Erxi" saw each other and hated late, and became a confidant.
Cheng Zheng was in Nanjing, often with Jia Yan, "Erxi" or cooperating, or inscripting poems and inscriptions on each other's paintings, for pleasure. The monks are already decadent, and the mutilated body has a chronic disease, often painful and unbearable, and even more neglectful. The acquaintance, intersection and acquaintance with Cheng Zhengyi stimulated the enthusiasm for the creation of paintings with a broken beard, making his paintings increase sharply and his painting skills greatly improved. Every time a good painting is made, it is given to Cheng Zhengyi, and among the paintings that have been passed down from generation to generation, the inscription is the most exquisite given to Cheng Zhengyi. Cheng Zhengyi and Jia Yan discussed the six laws together, one was good at Confucianism and the other was good at talking about Zen, and they expounded their understanding of Chinese painting from different angles.
The problem of Chinese painting is first of all a philosophical problem, and those who can leave an influence in the history of painting basically have a very clear philosophical concept. Cheng Zhengyi and Jia Yan, one with a Confucian vision, the other with the Interpretation of the Family, they either interpret paintings with Confucianism, or talk about Zen through paintings, which is often interesting. Confucianism, Zen machine, and painting collide with each other, bursting out the spark of thought, and there is a good opportunity for each other to complete. The bearded remnant once said: "The folding strands of the calligrapher, the leak marks of the house, the cone painting sand, the printing mud, the birds out of the forest, the snake into the grass, the silver hook rattle tail, the same stroke, and the painter's falun gong are the same button, and the viewer appreciates it the same, is it the mystery of An Zhishi's argument that there is no transmission?" Cheng Zhengyi replied, "Rap, rap! ”
Jia Yan believes that the magic of Chinese painting lies only in the calligrapher's pen and the painter's brush, which are the same stroke, just like the fa, high and low. The master of the scribe's pen is in the painting, and the common hand is the painter's pen. What the layman sees is a stroke, but in fact, it is not the same, which is the secret of a real painter. Cheng Zheng was strangely crippled: "You have too many words, how can you say the secret skill?" ”
When he was studying Zen, he sat down several times, but the lock could not be closed, and there was only a bell in the house. Every time he sat in the temple, or for a year, or two years, even the monks of the same monastery rarely saw him. Only Cheng Zhengyi could go straight in and find him. Once, Cheng Zheng went up the mountain, broke through the door, stared at each other and smiled, so they slept together and talked tirelessly all night. He also went out to take a bath and went out with a staff, and the monks of the whole temple were amazed by it. Sometimes, when he went to Nanjing to seek medical treatment, he lived in Cheng Zhengyi's home. There are "Two Songs of Complaint", poem Yun:
One
The spring breeze blows green grass, and the grass is green and hurts people's hearts.
The flowers fall and fall, and the trivial clothes are stained.
Two
Before the cold food is clear, open the door and dare not look.
Although it is not a peach and plum flower, it is a sad place.
Crippled throughout his life, he was tormented by illness, resisted the Qing Dynasty in his early years, walked day and night in the barren mountains, was attacked by wind and cold, he engaged in painting, more difficult than others, and paid more effort. In his later years, he became more and more ill, his head was as white as snow, and he was even bald, tired from cold and wetness, and he was in pain and tired to the extreme. Cheng Zhengyi also said of him: "If the good and sick do not stop, and the food is not healthy, the grain can be counted." "He not only has severe rheumatism of the joints, but also suffers from a serious stomach problem. In his old age, he was exhausted and sometimes drowsy. Rheumatism, stomach problems and scabies occasionally cause him pain. But his ambition was never worn away, and once the illness was slightly reduced, he devoted himself to painting and was very diligent. He inscribed himself in a painting of "Xishan No Ruler Scroll": "Where the heavens and the earth are born, Gong Qingle is self-sustaining, and must not be lazy." If you deserve to do a word, you are a lazy man, extremely useless. If the monks are lazy, then the Buddhas must not be solemn and the thousand families cannot be one bowl. The three religions of God are the same. When the remnants live in the Niushou Mountain House, chanting day and night, for a moment, they will climb the mountain to win, and once they have gains, they will write a few landscape paintings or a paragraph or two, in short, they will not be idle. The so-called quiet and vivid, the movement will make a career, and the end of the teaching is not ashamed to be a person who stands tall and does not deserve it. If you don't know it, if you are lazy and unaware, what is different from grass and trees! From this remark, he was not only self-disciplined and rigorous, but also a diligent man. He once wrote on his paintings:
Ten years of war and ten years of sickness,
Eliminate all kinds of hearts in your life.
When you get old, you can't forget your old things,
Yun Shan is still looking for it in the painting.
Cheng Zhengyi, a disabled friend, said that Wang Meng's painting method could not be inherited for three hundred years, because learning from him was often light and thin, and there was fat powder. Only the old and composure of the beard can obtain its essence. Cheng Zhengyun also has a poetry cloud:
Yellow Crane Mountain Tree This Road Micro,
Creekside flakes pass alone.
The painter hates the mountain monks,
The Ink Dragon breaks through the wall and flies.
Although Wang Meng was highly respected, he did not learn from the ancients, but had his own appearance. His paintings have an old,sturdy, athletic style. His landscape paintings are mountainous, repetitive and cascading, far and near, and the clouds are deep, and his painting method is rare in the Ming Dynasty. Huang Gongwang's paintings are interesting to Huang Gongwang, and he is also able to understand the magic of Wu Zhen, a plum blossom Daoist.
He is an all-rounder who can write poetry and is good at painting. He is good at painting figures and flowers, especially in landscapes. The life of the crippled man is very close to the landscape. After becoming a monk, he traveled in all directions and once visited Huangshan Mountain to enjoy the wonders of Huangshan Mountain. After middle age, he settled in Nanjing, the ancient Jinling longpan, Zhong Lingyuxiu, deeply nourished. Finally stationed in Xi Niushou Mountain, Niushou Mountain twin peaks abrupt, dark mountain color, climbing to the top of the mountain to look at the distance, the Yangtze River belt, green mountains and green fields everywhere, Shazhu flat domain, all are natural pictures of nature's gifts.
Lu Xiuhui has a poem "Song for the Remnants of Stone Creek", poem Yun:
Jianbi Jiangnan Sweep,
Meritorious monk gate grass.
Heaven and earth are born of self-reliance,
Extremely useless lazy old man.
The Buddha solemnly came from the west,
The three religions are called one bowl of talent.
Essay landscape several words,
There is no dust from the burning.
Nostalgia lonely smoke old hate ji,
Fengya Pengmen Rhapsody Poetry.
Sven loomed sick and crippled,
The piano book breaks the wind and the incense stains.
Runyu Zhu Yan came suddenly,
The oblique wind went straight up the cliffs.
Broken temple song a window into,
Plum blossoms bloom everywhere.
Read every sigh in the world,
Yesterday's Jie Sentence is now safe?
I don't see you,
Sick and fallen to see the flower tired of the staff,
The sky is full of spring colors Xu Jun sells.