#古代建筑那些事儿 #
Roll-up roof
Taizu Zhao Guangyin was called emperor, with Kaifeng as the capital, known as Tokyo. The Northern Song Dynasty began in the first year of Jianlong (960) to the second year of Jing Kang (1127), and the Dynasty was built here, so it was changing with each passing day and flourishing. In addition, Luoyang was the western capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, the capital of Henan, and the archway Gyeonggi, which belonged to the provincial capital. During the reign of Emperor Zhenzong, although taizu's old domain was called Ying Tianfu and built as Nanjing (present-day Shangqiu, Henan), the acropolis was still used as a palace, and the icons of Taizu and Taizong were enshrined, and in the last days of the Northern Song Dynasty, no temple was built. Song Ye Shaoyun wrote the "Stone Forest Yan Language", and its main gate: it is like a double door, and it has not been changed. Song LiTao wrote the "Continuation of the Zizhi TongjianChang Compilation" that during the reign of Emperor Renzong, he took the DamingFu as Beijing, and because of the Khitan claims to go south, Beijing focused on military measures, and built the capital Hebei (Damingfu): Show that the general would personally march to cut down his plot. That is, the name of the capital was built, showing the emperor to personally march and break the Khitan southern invasion plot. Therefore, Beijing's architectural characteristics or economic development are not major.
Helmet-roofed Yueyang Tower
The main political, economic and cultural forces of the Northern Song Dynasty were concentrated in the construction of the city of Tokyo for 168 years. Song Zhao Delin wrote the "Records of the Imperial Residences of the Emperors of the Past Dynasties", and the complex and prosperous city of the Fenjing Palace Fang City can best represent the architectural development trend of the Northern Song Dynasty. Tokyo Castle, known as Bizhou during the Tang Dynasty, was rebuilt during the middle years of Emperor Dezong's reign (780-783), and on Tuesday it was called Licheng (里城) in the early Song Dynasty. The new city was built during the Later Zhou Xiande period (954-960), and on Thursday eighteen Miles, it was called the outer city. Taizu, because of his system (Shang Jian), only slightly in the northeast corner of Guangcheng, imitated the Luoyang system to repair the Great Inner Palace. Qing Xu Song's "Song Hui To Compile Draft" has, Zhenzong said: Outside the capital, there are many residents, and the eight boxes outside the Beijing New City are reset. According to Ming Li Lian's "Chronicle of the Ruins of Beijing", during the reign of Emperor Huizong of Shenzong, the outer city of Ji was built, and the city was slightly enlarged, and the city was more than ten miles at the beginning of the fifth week (the circumference of the actual outer city was about 58.24 miles).
Gate
Emperor Taizong, according to the "Continuation of the Zizhi Tongjian Long Edition", the city of Tokyo: (has) been more prosperous than the Han and Tang Dynasties, ten times more numerous. According to Song Yangkan's "Emperor Qifu", the city of Tokyo is described as: Jia Di Xing Luo, Bi Wu Ling Ci, Fang Wu Guang Lane, and the city is not accessible. "Song Will Want to Compile Manuscripts" has, to the prosperity of the Northern Song Dynasty, so that in the city of Tokyo: Dongyu is closely connected, there is no gap, even if the price is obtained, where to buy land? The city of Tokyo became the economic center and the commercial center of the country because of its well-developed waterway transportation; and the establishment of the capital as a capital was for political reasons: under the influence of public opinion, the scholars were gathered; its prosperity was particularly urgent. Official and private construction has expanded with the environment, breaking the urban construction model of the integration of the Two Capitals and Fang Cities of sui and Tang Dynasties, and its special arrangement, due to geographical characteristics and gradual improvement, may be imitated by future generations as customized.
Fan roof
Elder Song Meng wrote "Tokyo Dream Hualu", Tokyo City has four waterways through the city, and the grandeur of its bridge is spectacular, and the river street bridge city is particularly unusual. The great Cai River, from the southwest corner of the city into the southeast corner, out of the southeast corner, there is a bridge eleven. The Bian River runs seven miles from the East Water Gate to the West Water Gate, with a total of thirteen bridges. The small Wuzhang River, from the northeast of the city, there are five bridges, the Jinshui River enters the city from the northwest water gate, the wall is covered into the Great Interior, and the irrigation of the Back Garden Pond Puyi, there are three bridges: the White Tiger Bridge, the Horizontal Bridge, and the Five Kings Palace Bridge. The most author of the bridge is the State Bridge on the Bian River, which is named Dahan Bridge, facing the Ouchi Royal Street, that is, Fan Chengda's so-called: the north and south of the State Bridge are the main street. The bridge is low and flat, there is no boat boat, only the West River flat boat can pass, and the dense rows of stone pillars under it are all bluestone; there are stone beam stalagmite fences. Near the bridge, there are stone walls on both sides, engraved with seahorses, water beasts, and flying clouds. ...... North of the State Bridge, east and west of the Royal Road, the two que lou views are towering. ...... The State Bridge of the Two Capitals of the Golden Yuan, built intentionally imitating this, is one of the pre-palace systems. The bridge is known for its ingenious structure, which is the rainbow bridge outside the East Water Gate: no columns, with a giant wooden virtual frame, decorated with danluo (huò), like a flying rainbow.
Temple-style roof
The "Song Hui Zhi Manuscript" records that (imperial city) The Tang Dynasty envoys of the Great Inner Ben Tang Dynasty, (later) Liang Jiandu thought that Jianchang Palace, (later) Jin called Daning Palace, (later) Zhou Jia Yingjie, all did not increase: such as the system of kings. The Ming and Qing Dynasties Revised Edition of the Jade Sea has, Taizu Shi: The Northeast Corner of the Guanghuang City,...... Ordered to paint the Luoyang Palace, according to the tuxiuzhi ..., the imperial palace began to be magnificent. Yuan Tuo and others wrote the "History of Song Geography" as follows: (Royal) Miyagi Friday. The south three gates, the main gate is named Fan Shuyi, after the Renzong Ming Dao, it was first called Xuande, and the two sides were called left and right. The east-west gate of Miyagi is called The East China West Gate, and the North Gate is known as Gongchen. The "Stone Forest Yan Language" has, and the north of donghua gate has a convenient gate: the west is straight with the inner straight gate; it is curved. It is called the Gate of The Temple (the side gate of the palace). The establishment of this gate and its location are related to the northeast corner of the Guanghuang Imperial City of Taizushou (Ju) or roughly.
The Taihe Hall of the Forbidden City at the top of the heavy eaves
According to the "Tokyo Dream Record", Xuande Gate is also known as Xuande Building: the following five doors, all of which are gold nailed vermilion paint. The walls are masonry and stone (zhòu), engraved in the shape of dragons and phoenixes flying clouds. ...... Mo Fei carved (méng) painting building, junju (jué) layer (cuī). Covered with glazed tiles, curved rulers, and colored sills. The following two pavilions are opposite. ...... From Xuande Gate to the south: Fang Lane Royal Street... About three hundred steps wide. On both sides are the Royal Corridor, where the people of the old Xu (place name, east of Xuchang) buy and sell. Between the self-government and the middle, the lawsuit is prohibited, and each one has established a black lacquer stick, and the road center is also an zhu lacquer branch, and the central road is not allowed to travel. Pedestrians are outside the ZhuZizi. Inside the branches, there are two roads of masonry and stone, and lotus lotuses are planted. Peach, plum, pear and apricot flowers are planted near the shore; on spring and summer days, it looks like embroidery. The xuande building is extremely magnificent, and the layout in front of the palace has been changed to this place, which is also the reason why Jin Yuan imitated it as a "thousand steps corridor".
Tiananmen Square is a mountain-style building with heavy eaves
The "History of Song and Geographical Records" records that the general outline of the main hall of the Great Inner Hall is: inside the main south gate (Daqing Gate), the main hall is known as Daqing, and the main hall is known as Wende. ...... There is a Purple Palace to the north of the Daqing Hall, and the former hall is also regarded as the dynasty. There is a hanging arch hall in the west, and it is often seen that the place of the dynasty is also. ...... In the second west, there is the Imperial Ceremony Hall, and the second west has the Jiying Hall, and the Banquet Hall is also. Behind the hall there is the Hall of the Cloud, the East Of the Rising Floor, and the place of feasting in the palace. The harem has a hall of reverence and a place of reading. There is a Gyeongbok Hall behind the hall, and the west hall is north of the hall to Yanhe, so it sits in the hall. Whoever has a door to the temple follows the name of the temple. ...... Daqing Hall was originally the (Later) Liang ZhiZheng Ya, called Chongyuan Hall, in the (Later) Zhou Dynasty, it was rebuilt by Song Taizu and changed to Qianyuan Hall, and in the last fifty years it was twice burned and renamed Daqing. According to the "Jade Sea" record, in 1034, Emperor Jingyouzhong of Zhirenzong was first expanded into a broad court: it was changed to nine rooms of the Daqing Hall, five rooms each, and sixty rooms each of the east and west corridors, with the dragon (chí) sand, which coincided with the imperial hall of the imperial register. ...... The pavilion behind the suburban shrine hall.... For more than ten years, the Emperor Yuzhong: Ying Ming Hall, thank you heaven and earth, that is, this hall is performing rituals. The "Stone Forest Yan Language" has: Renzong Imperial Seal MingTang two character ceremony is revealed.
The main hall of Zhihua Temple on the top of the single-eaves hill
The Qin, Han and Tang dynasties described the righteousness of the great hall, citing the height of its platform as the main point of its scale; the history and account of the Du Song Dynasty did not say a word about the foundation of the great hall, only that the Daqing Hall had a system of dragons and sands. In the Zhou dynasty, the king's base was nine feet, the height of the princes, doctors, and soldiers was different, and the commoners also had a prescribed height of about one foot. The foundation of the platform, in ancient times, has the meaning of stability and honor.
The "Stone Forest Yan Language" has: Wende Hall in the west of the Daqing Hall less times. Also in the "Jade Sea", also the five generations of the old, the Later Tang Dynasty Duanming, in the (later) Zhou for the Middle Dynasty, the early Song Dynasty changed civilization. After the disaster reconstruction, renamed Wende. And "Stone Forest Yan Language": After the Zichen Hall in daqing hall, Shaoxi is followed by the vertical arch... There is a colonnade between the Zichen and the vertical arch, and the daily view of the dynasty is Yuwende, the so-called hall also. The east and west pavilion doors are on both sides of the back of the hall, and if the moon shuo does not pass through the palace, then the royal zichen, the so-called entering the cabinet. The location of the Wende Hall is really noteworthy. According to various records, the three halls of Guangde, Zichen, and Vertical Arch are roughly horizontally arranged in the east and west; the "Jade Sea" has Wende as both, and the "passing hall" is in the middle axis, but not in the middle line of the Daqing Hall, but also in its northwest. The layout of the Song palace, that is, the discussion of these four major halls, seems to have not been absolutely equal or has established a major north-south centerline.
Hanging mountain style
The "Jade Sea" records that at the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty, Taizu Yingzhi Palace: Established, the Emperor Sat Long Live Hall (Funing Hall after the vertical arch, long live the beginning of the country). There is also Song Shao Bowen's "Records of Shao's Seeing and Hearing": The cave opens the doors, straight as a rope, and Taizu sighs: This is like my heart, and everyone sees a small private song. Taizu seemed to be extremely interested in the central line. Also "Stone Forest Yan Language": Fate Huaiyi and other doors and the top of the temple. Nothing is wrong. Therefore, the four halls of the Hanging Arch, Funing, Rouyi, and Qingju are heavy, and the left and right tucks and the left and right Thang Long Silver Terrace and other doors are the same. Funing is the emperor's main bed, and Rouyi is its apse, which is the back bed, so the north-south centerline of the arch is quite important. Daqing Hall was preceded by Daqing Gate, followed by Zi Chen Hall, and then, north of Huaxi Huaheng Street in the east, there was the Chongzheng Hall, and then there was the Jingfu Hall, and there was also the establishment of the north-south central line, but the east and west parts of the hall were scattered, far apart, and most of them were convenient for future development. For example, the Imperial Palace is in the west of the vertical arch, the Jiying Banquet Hall is a group of its own, and in the west of the Imperial Ceremony, it seems that there is no close relationship, so the Two Sides of Funing have built the Empress Palace, such as Qingshou Baoci, without difficulty; and the west of the Rouyi, in the future, there will be the Ruisi Hall and so on.
The "Jade Sea" also contains that The Chongzheng (Hall) was originally the JianXian of Taizu (殿): there is a colonnade, the second north is the Jingfu Hall, and the Release Pond is very large. Emperor Taizong Zhenzong Renzong and Emperor Shenzong tried to enter the priesthood here, and then added the East and West Pavilions, and then set up lectures and readings, and the daily life of the emperors: guan zhenjing, or to the clan yi, and the feast of the courtiers, gave flowers to enjoy here; built as a grand and practical Changyu main hall behind the palace, not only: a place to read things.
The "Jade Sea" also records that those who are called palaces within the Song Palace City, and there are Qingsheng and Yanfu at the beginning, both in the Houyuan, which are placed by the True Sect of Taoism. Guangsheng Palace enshrines taoist idols, and later shows the Zhenzong Divine Emperor, with five halls, one pavilion and three halls in Yanfu Palace, of which the Linggu Hall is also the place of the Zhenzong Sacred Appearance. Zhenzong XianpingZhong: Zaichen and other words: The palace where the Han emperor's mother lived, such as Changle Jiqing... Wait, please order Yousi to establish a name for the empress dowager Li Jiangong. ...... The edict made the Zifu Hall (i.e. the Imperial Ceremony) the Wan'an Palace. Since then, Emperor Yingzong took Empress Cao's residence as Cishou Palace, and when Emperor Shenzong was emperor, Cao was the empress dowager, so he changed his name to Qingshou (in the east of Funing Hall), and built Baoci Palace (in funing west) for Empress Gao. The residence of the queen mother was revered as a palace, with two or three halls inside, which was very different from the so-called "palace" before the Song Dynasty. In addition, there were princes who lived, and when they ascended the throne, they changed their names to palaces, such as The Qingning Palace of Emperor Yingzong and the Ruicheng Palace of Emperor Shenzong.
Hard hill style building
The "Jade Sea" also records that at the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty, the most magnificent place of the imperial court's collection of books was the third hall of the ChongwenYuan set up by Emperor Taizong, and its middle secret cabinet, which collected the world's map books: The system of Dongyu was taught by the emperor himself; the Houyuan also had the Taiqing Building, especially in the northwest of the Chongzheng Hall, and the building: adjacent to the Pavilions of Yanchun Yi Fengxiang luan, stored four libraries of books. Zhenzong often fished in the Linshui Pavilion of the Garden after the Qu Feast, and also climbed the Taiqing Building, the Guan Taizong Sacred Imperial Book, and the Four Libraries group books, and the feast Taiqing Downstairs. Poetry and flowers and fishing are all here. The Records of the Ruins of Fenjing have, and xiang fuzhong, Zhenzong: with the Dragon Tu Pavilion feng Taizong imperial collection and classics, pictures, Treasure Things, juxtaposed to be system bachelor officers, since each emperor set up a cabinet. The "Stone Forest Yan Language" has that the two pavilions of Tianzhang Baowen (in the west of the YingDian Hall after the Dragon Map) were appointed by the two emperors of Zhenren to hide the imperial collection, the Xianmu Pavilion of the Divine Sect, and the yóu Pavilion of the Emblem of the Emperor Zhezong, all of which were posthumously built, but the Taizu Yingzong did not have a collection and was not a cabinet. Emperor Huizong's imperial pen was hidden in the Bunke Pavilion. It is the so-called Song: Wen Ge ("Bijing Ruins Chronicle"). Each pavilion has a hall in the east-west order, the four preambles of the Longtu Pavilion are known as Senior Zheng Chong and Xuande Shugu, the two preambles of the Tianzhang Pavilion are known as the Jade Ruizhu of the Group; and the two preambles of the Baowen Pavilion are known as Jiade Yankang ("Jade Sea"). The inner courtyard is elegant, with this as the most important, there is the wind of Song Zhen's view of books and ink, which has not changed in the past dynasties, and the Huizong dynasty is the most prosperous. The spirit of the Song Dynasty is really invisible on this kind of building.
Hard hill complex
The forbidden halls of the Houyuan, the Pavilion of the Dragon Chart, and the palaces of the Empress Dowager are not in the east of the Chongzheng Hall. The Zishan Hall of the Only Prince's Reading is located in the Yuan Fu Temple, in the northeast corner of the residence palace, and in the east of the Gai Palace, where the Hundred Divisions are supplied, such as the Liu Shang Bureau, the Imperial Kitchen Hall, etc., and the Janissaries officials are located. "Tokyo Dream Record" has, Donghua Gate and Miyagi Supply Entrance, outside: the most prosperous city, cover the forbidden trading place.
In the Tokyo Dream Chronicle, the so-called Foreign Divisions, which supply all fuel, food, utensils, cars, and hundreds of things, are scattered outside Miyagi Castle, but they are still in the eastern part of the outer castle of the old city. The construction of this is based on the two banks of the Wuzhang River entering the city and the two rivers leaving the city. The granaries are all set up along the river, from Hongqiao outside Dongshuimen to Chenzhoumenli, and on the Wuzhang River, there can be more than fifty places. The layout within Tokyo's Miyagi Castle is not immune to the traffic trends throughout the city. The deployment of the Houyuan is partial to the northwest of the palace, and it is also due to the fact that the Jinshui River enters the Ouchi from the northwest water gate and irrigates its pond; the geographical convenience is also.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the hard mountain type was widely used
Looking at the civil architecture of the Northern Song Dynasty, Taizu Zhao Kuangyin (960 to 976) was still frugal in architecture, but how heroic, or because of the system of zhou temples, the early Song Dynasty regarded it as a matter of course, so every time there was a building, there were hundreds of rooms. Song Li You wrote "Facts of the Song Dynasty" there is, Taizu Zhao: In the right Gate Street Linbei Shuiqi 500th room; to give the Shu lord Meng Chang. "Jade Sea" has: outside the Suzaku Gate to build a large first in the under the rim, the name of the lixian house, to wait for qian. The "Chronicle of the Ruins of Fenjing" has: Kaibao Temple re-erected the corridor, and the Duodian Fan 280 District is magnificent.
and Emperor Taizong Zhao Guangyi (976-997), the larger the scale. The "Jade Sea" has, (Taizong) built the Qi Sacred Temple with his birthplace: six years and the completion of the work, the temple of more than 900 rooms, are covered with glazed tiles. The Shangqing Taiping Palace was also built: Gongcheng, with a total of 1,242 districts. The Northern Song Dynasty worshipped Taoism and set up the end of the palace. Other buildings such as Chongwen Temple, Sankan, and Secret Pavilion: the wheel is magnificent, the crown is like the inner courtyard, and it is rare in recent times. The "Chronicle of the Ruins of Fenjing" records that in the end arch, the Kaibao Temple built a pagoda with an octagonal thirteen-story building and a height of 360 feet. Ta Cheng: Tian Xi Shang Shu Yue: The crowd said that the gold and the blue were brilliant, and the subject thought that the anointing was bloody, and the emperor was not angry. Song Shiwenying wrote the "Jade Kettle Qing Dialect" to record that the painter Guo Zhongshu and the skillful craftsman Yu Hao were all architectural talents at that time, and the super-elite people were also. Guo Zhongshu (郭忠協), courtesy name Shuxian, is a native of Luoyang, Henan. At the age of seven, he was able to recite the book genus, lifting the boy and the first, yougong seal (zhuàn zhòu). Emperor Taizong ascended the throne, heard his name, summoned him to Que, gave the Guozi supervisor the main book, gave him clothes, silver belts, and money of 50,000 yuan, and the museum yu Taixue, ordered the publication of the book of dynastic characters. Yu Hao, the end of the Five Dynasties, the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty. He is particularly good at building multi-storey pagodas and pavilions. The wooden pagoda of Kaibao Temple, which Yu Hao presided over, was completed, and its majesty and magnificence were exquisite. The tower body tilts slightly to the northwest, Yu Hao said: The Beijing division is flat and mountainless, more northwest wind, the tower body is slightly inclined to the northwest, resisting the wind, less than a hundred years has been corrected by the wind.
The Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall with its octagonal spire
Emperor Zhenzong Zhao Heng (997-1022) became more and more religious, tending to be auspicious and different, and consumed the most money. The "Facts of the Song Dynasty" has, as the Yuqing Zhaoying Palace: where 2,610 yang, with Ding Zhi as the palace repair envoy, the craftsman of the various states for it, seven years to make. Not only is the project huge, but it is especially especially ingenious production. The colored pigments of wood and stone used are selected from all directions. Outside the temple, there is a mountain pond pavilion, and the ring hall and the gallery are all painted with murals. The essence of art is crowned in the palace view of the Northern Song Dynasty. The Day of the Beam on the Temple: Shangdu himself is present to protect the ,...... The workers wrapped beams in a wooden frame, gold ornaments and wood, and the dragon's burden was lifted. ...... The cultivators of the palace and those who are in charge of the camp are given a golden veil. The seriousness of this palace's work is actually special, and since then, the zhenzong has built no other buildings, but the Fengwuyue Hui Lingguan outside the South Smoke Gate, and the Great Inner South, the Jingling Palace of the Sacred Ancestor (the south wall of the palace paints the twenty-eight deeds of the Zhao clan) are all magnificent, and all of them are called Dong Qi's affairs. The "Chronicle of the Ruins of Beijing" has that, in addition to the Beijing Division, the palace view is also grand, and the state capital of the world has built a Taoist temple, that is, under the name of Tianqing.
A temple of prayer for the Temple of Heaven with a circular spire
Emperor Renzong Zhao Zhen (1023-1063), the lord of Western Xia, Yuan Hao, from his ancestors and fathers, he always submitted to Song, and until Yuan Hao began to use troops against Song, there were three battles and three victories in Western Xia! However, the imperial court has repeatedly used troops, and the country has been exhausted; however, the civil engineering matter has not weakened slightly, but many tasks have been rebuilt. In the first year of the Ming Dynasty (1032 AD), the Xiuwende Hall was formed, and the palace was also burned, and the eight halls were burned, all of which were the main halls of the Great Interior, such as Zi chen, vertical arch, Funing, Jiying, Yanhe and other halls. The "History of Song and Geographical Chronicle" has: (Ren Song) was ordered by the prime minister Lü Yijian to be the envoy of the Great Interior, sent four craftsmen to serve, and sent out the Neiku to take public opinion and 200,000 yuan to help him. The "Chronicle of the Ruins of Fenjing" has that, in the first two years (the eighth year of Tiansheng), the Yuqing Zhaoying Palace was plagued by a thunderstorm, and the emperor was young, and the empress dowager wept and wept to the auxiliary ministers, and the crowd was afraid that they would have the intention of re-enactment, and forcefully said: The first dynasty did its best to turn the world into ashes, and it was not unexpected; if it was restored because of its existence, the people would be killed. Therefore, the palace was not restored, and only two halls were restored. Twenty-five years later (zhihezhong), two more halls were added, renamed Wanshou Temple, and in the last quarter of Emperor Renzong, more repairs and additions were made, and the existing Kaifeng Glass Pagoda was one of them. The famous courtiers begged to repair the temple. Song Ouyang Xiu Shangshu 's "Shangrenzong on the Civil Engineering Labor Fees of the Beijing Master" Zhongyun: The Kaixian Hall was damaged by two pillars at the beginning, and the materials and plant materials used now total 17,500 have zero. There is also the house of the mutant family, the shrine of the gods,...... Liquan Temple... Materials in other places cannot be fully counted,...... There are more than 100 joint builders of the military camp treasury. ...... So that the thick land does not produce anything else, only wood, nor can it be used for this wide expense. Yun: ... Years of fire, since the Yuqing care, Dongzhen, Shangqing, Hongqing, Xiangyuan, Huiling Seven Palaces, Kaibao, Xingguo two temples and pagodas, and all burned to the end, it shows that the heavens are tired of extravagance of civil engineering, for His Majesty to cherish the country's strength and people's wealth.... In the forty years of the Final Renzong Dynasty, the burning of old buildings and the reconstruction of labor costs were also suitable for the double pain of the country.
The interior of the spires, the Eight-Pillar Pavilion of Zhongshan Lanting in Beijing
Emperor Yingzong reigned for only four years (1064-1067), and the civil affairs were already seen in Sima Guang's Song Dynasty's "Begging to Stop sleeping in the capital and not in a hurry to build it". Gai is the construction of the palace, not for the emperor's own will, and the subordinate Youji Gu from time to time pleases shangxin with the grandeur of the earth. On the side of the king, there are many as Sima Guang said: On the outside, he seeks knowledge with his will, and inside he seeks knowledge for personal gain.)
Emperor Shenzong Zhao (1067-1085) implemented the New Deal, and the spirit of reform was aimed at strengthening the country and enriching the people, and the Chronicle of the Ruins of Fenjing contains, so: Gongmufuying, Chijing (yù, Royal Forbidden Garden)) was completed, and the fu temple was Chong. The establishment of the Gaido Office: such as the Eastern and Western Provinces, the Imperial Observatory, the Taixue, etc. The Records of the Imperial Residences of the Past Dynasties have, YuanFengzhong, The City Walls, and the Junzhi Trenches, all of which are municipal affairs. The "Chronicle of the Ruins of Fenjing" has, and because the emperors are scattered in the palace and the temples outside the palace, they do not have a ceremonial system, so the system of the original temples of each emperor was created. Six halls were built in the Jingning Palace to enshrine the ancestral statue, and the three halls were built to worship the mother. The "Song Hui to Compile the Manuscript" has, Xi Ningzhong, from the Si Tianjian's song, please build the Taiyi Palace in the middle, but only on the old site of the Five Peaks Temple. The "Chronicle of the Ruins of Fenjing" has, following the story "Taiyi" to go to the five palaces, forty-five years a change: the people are blessed by the degree of action; it is really necessary to follow the will of the people. There are also forty-five years after Emperor Taizong built the East Taiyi Palace, and to the time when Emperor Renzong Built the West Taiyi Palace, it was another forty-five years.
Heads
Emperor Zhezong Zhao Xu (1086-1100) produced the teachings of Emperor Dorjeshin and completed the Imperial History. He also built the Xuanhe Hall behind the Forbidden God Sect's Ruisi Hall. In the last year, the Jingning West Palace was built in Chi Daoxi, just like the original temple system created by Emperor Shenzong, and the collapse, Emperor Huizong continued to take the throne ("Jade Sea"). The "Chronicle of the Ruins of Bijing" has been completed in the palace period, headed by the original temple of Shenzong and followed by Zhezong. At the beginning of Emperor Zhezong's reign, Empress Xuanren hung the curtain, and at that time, the Shangqing Taiping Palace had been destroyed by fire for a long time, and was later rebuilt, called the Shangqing Chuxiang Palace, with 6,000 taels of internal court objects and gold. Su Shi wrote the monument. Beiyun: ... Majestic and beautiful, where more than seven hundred rooms... Although the size of the palace was not as good as that of Emperor Taizong, it was still considerable.
Emperor Huizong zhao (1101-1125), in the third year of Yuan Fu, Emperor Zhezong collapsed at the Funing Hall. The empress dowager cried to the clan and said to Zai Chen: The country is unfortunate, the Emperor Daxing has no heirs, and things must be decided early. Zhang Wei screamed: When the mother brother Jian Wang is like. Empress Dowager: The old man is childless, and all the kings are the sons of the gods. Fu Fu Yue: The king of Shen was established in the long run. The Empress Dowager said: King Shen is ill and cannot be established; the former emperor tastes the words, and the duan king has a blessed life, and the benevolent filial piety is established. He also said: The duan king is frivolous and cannot rule the world. Before the words were finished, Zeng Buling knew: Zhang Huan listened to the punishment of the empress! It summoned the King of Duan to the throne as emperor. Huizong is an artistic genius, calligraphy and painting can be called a master, into the Shao Dynasty, its good and luxurious habits, personality. And the adulterous and evil Ying Dynasty, stripping away the horizontal endowment, advocating the theory of Feng Heng Yu Dazhi, so You Luxury built for the construction (Qing Xiu "Tong Jian Collection"). Chongning Grand View returned, The Great Inner Dynasty was regale, and the Official Garden Pavilion was increased to the former. The "History of Song and Geography" has its authors such as: Zhenghe three years to open the Yanfu New Palace outside the North Arch Gate of the Great Interior; There are five members in the palace, and there are five people, each of whom is a system and does not follow the order. Its system of pavilions and pavilions has been the precursor of Ganyue: stacked stones for mountains, chiseled ponds for the sea, stone beams to ascend the mountain pavilion, tugang to plant apricot forests, and Maoting Crane Zhuang to imitate nature. After that, it was called yanfu sixth place, outside the city, west from tianbo gate east through Jinglongmen, to Fengqiu gate; really along the Jinshui River across the north of the old city: the famous Jinglongjiang River, the bank to longde palace, all strange flowers and rare trees, the temple Bibi face off. Also known as the Shangqing Baozhen Palace: the Secret Prohibition Office, the Inner Pavilion Pavilion, invincible. ...... Open the dragon gate, and the city will be used as a compound road to pass through the palace,...... The number of emblems travels from the compound road. Others, such as the Shenxiao Yuqing Wanshou Palace, were cast in the forbidden, and the Jiuding Palace was cast, and the Jiucheng Palace was placed behind the Five Peaks Temple. The "Chronicle of the Ruins of Beijing" has, after the government and the future, built year after year, all of which are huge projects and embellished with complicated works. And build The Ganyue Wanshou Mountain, drive the Wanfu, and build the civil engineering; in five or six years, the poor soo is rare, the Gang transports flowers and stones; the skillful craftsmanship of the world is used to camp the rockery and the pond; the Huizong "Ganyue Chronicle" has: As for the mountain circumference of more than ten miles, the peak is ninety steps high; the strange rocks are brand-new cliffs, the cave gorge streams, and the QiaoMu creation; and the pavilions and pavilions, which increase day by day, cannot be remembered. Its deployment and construction are quite beyond the norm, and the posture of non-architectural robustness is really out of the true purpose of art. When Jin had died in Liao, the Song people took the old coins to jin, lured wolves into the room, and the palace was built endlessly, and the future generations of Gengyue were the sins of the fallen country, and there was no reason.
Barrel tiles
The palace garden of the early Song Dynasty is no longer the size of the Qin and Han Hunting Era Lin Yuan (yòu), that is, it is also very different from the Sheng Tang Dynasty Palace Garden. During the Northern Song Dynasty for more than a hundred years, the style of the imperial garden gradually became beautiful and delicate. Especially after Emperor Huizong declared his government, he set up the gardens. "Jade Sea" has, Yujin Garden, Taizu's world practice to shoot Guan Jia, Qian Dechu, Qionglin Garden, Taizong Chisel Jin Mingchi in the north of the garden, so each dynasty every year of the lucky Guan Lou boat water play, give the group of courtiers to shoot here. Houyuan Pond name elephant Yingshan, hall pavilion Linshui, cloud house lianyi, emperors often look at the royal book, flow cup pan feast in the Yuchen and other halls. The "Facts of the Song Dynasty" has: Emperor Taizong Yongxi for three years, and then often summoned his close subjects to enjoy the flowers and fish in the garden in the late spring. The "General Commentary" has: The Feast of Flowers and Flowers of the Order Group of Ministers has begun from this point.
penthouse
Jin Mingchi arranged the situation, the political and future discipline, when it was added by Emperor Huizong. "Tokyo Dream" has: the pool is in the north of Suncheonmun Street, about nine miles and thirty steps around, and the pool is seven miles away from the east to the west. Enter the pool gate inside the south bank to the west to go more than a hundred steps, there is a northwest water hall. ...... Hundreds of steps to the west is the Naixian Bridge, about hundreds of steps from north to south; the bridge deck is three rainbows, the vermilion paint fence, the lower row of goose pillars, the central bulge, called the camel rainbow, like a flying rainbow. At the end of the bridge, the five halls are in the center of the pond, and the four banks of the stone are facing the back hall, and each seat is equipped with a royal temple. ...... The upper and lower cloisters of the temple. ...... To the south of the bridge stands the Star Gate, which is opposite to the color building. ...... There is a masonry high platform on the south side of the gate opposite the street, and there is a building on it, and there are hundreds of plays on the watching and shooting... In the Song paintings, the Pavilion Corridor is the most pressing.
The "Chronicle of the Ruins of Fenjing" has, Emperor Huizong's Yanfu Fang and Gengyue Wanshou Mountain arrangement is very different, Zhu Xun (miǎn), Cai You generations searched for flowers and stones in Taihu Lake Lingbi and other places to be real: Xuanhe five years, Zhu Xun took stones from Taihu Lake, gao Guang, carried a large boat, pulled a thousand men, chiseled the river to break the bridge, destroyed the weir and sluice, and even for several months. ...... The focus of the cover is the construction of peaks and cliffs; the accumulation of rare birds and strange stones, the accumulation of flowers and trees; the wonders of artificial natural landscapes, and then decorated with pavilions. The style is different from that of Qionglin Yuan Jin Mingchi and so on. The wind of The Stacked Mountains still prevailed in the Private Garden of Jiangnan in the Southern Song Dynasty, and did not fade slightly until the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties.
"Song Hui to Compile Manuscripts • Food Goods" has, after Zhenren, the number of people who have become rich in goods has become more and more numerous, and huge transactions have entered and exited the Beijing Division, and the equipment of official management and the buildings of private commerce have all been enlarged. Gongqing Shangjia owns the garden of the bourgeoisie, all of which are still beautiful, and the wood needed by the Beijing master every year (huǒ) makes the palace people from all walks of life to the city, and there are those who accumulate profits from this residence, and the prosperity of the creation is universal.
"Tokyo Dream Record" has a variety of buildings in the city street, because of the wealth of Beijing, it is the pinnacle of perfection. Commercial areas such as Panlou Street... Nantong Lane, called the boundary body, and is a place for gold and silver color trading; the house is majestic, the façade is vast, and the view is clear. Casinos such as the so-called "tiles": more than 50 large and small hooks,...... The lotus shed peony shed in the middle tile; the night fork shed in Riva, the elephant shed; the largest can accommodate thousands of people. Hotel: The door of the Fanjingshi Hotel is tied to the Door of the Cai Lou Huan. ...... The entrance has been the main corridor, about 100 steps, north and south patios, both corridors are small pavilions, to the evening lights candles, up and down. ...... After the Baiji Building was changed to Fengle Building, Xuanhe was built three stories high, the fifth floor was facing each other, each had a flybridge railing sill, and the light and dark were connected. Song Cai Qi wrote "Tiewei Mountain Cong Talk", other stores such as: Mahang Street north and south of more than a dozen miles, Jiadao pharmacy, Gaiduo Chinese medicine, Xian Jufu. ...... The lanterns are burned on the first night, especially spectacular.
The "Facts of the Song Dynasty" has, and the residence is Renzong Jingyouzhong is already: the clan of the people, reckless obedience, and disputes. ...... The room is magnificent, and the poor civil engineering work is handed over. Sima Guang's "Wen Guowen Zheng Gong Ji • On Wealth and Profit" has: the home of the noble subjects of the Zongqi, the garden of the first house, the use of costumes and utensils, and often the treasures of the poor world... To be luxurious, to be frugal (zī).
"Tokyo Dream Hualu" has, municipal special equipment, such as: WanghuoLou... Bricked from above,...... There are many people on the upper floor, several official houses under it, more than 100 garrison soldiers, and storage of firefighting equipment. There is a military patrol shop house for 300 steps in each lane, which can accommodate five soldiers. New City War Shed: Dan Twilight Repair. The city's tooth road is planted with elm willows, and every two hundred steps a defensive city warehouse is placed, and the imperial instruments are stored, and there are twenty commanders of Guanggu soldiers, and mud decorations are built every day.
Where the craft is located, there are Ayakin Temple, Tsukijiki Temple, Cutting Yard, Official Kiln and so on. Although the influence of industry and commerce is as far as the Jinguan City in central Shu, Fei wrote the "Shu Jin Genealogy", such as the sixth year of Shenzong Yuanfeng, also: as the Jinyuan in the east of the fuzhi. ...... The building was created in front of it, thinking that it was a place to accumulate and wait for development. ...... The weaving room is the house of the cashier, which is one hundred and seventeen rooms, and then the foot dwells.
According to the "Chronicle of the Ruins of Beijing", there are Song Dynasty, the palace court worships Taoism, the Forbidden City is the most prosperous, and the Buddhist temple is only dedicated to the Tang Dynasty, and its established forces are still built from time to time. The old of the Fan Cha Duo Tang dynasty, and the Song Zeng modification of the name. In the third year of Taizu Kaibao, he changed the Tang Fengchan Temple to Kaibao Temple: the 280th District of the Tang Dynasty Duodian was reopened. The tower built in the arch of Emperor Taizong is extremely magnificent. The octagonal thirteenth floor of the pagoda, which was made by the carpenter Yu Hao, was inspired by the name given by Emperor Zhenzong, and the tower was destroyed in the fourth year of the Renzong Qing calendar, but the iron-colored glazed brick pagoda was built in its upper courtyard, which is also known as the iron pagoda of the octagonal thirteenth floor, which still exists today and is one of the monuments of Kaifeng. The "Song Hui To Compile The Manuscript" has, Kaibao's second year edict to rebuild the Tang Longxing Temple, and Emperor Taizong gave the Taiping Xingguo Temple. Yang Tingbao wrote the "Records of the Ancient Architecture of Biao Zheng", and the Tianqing Temple was founded by Zhou Shizong on the top of the Chenzhou Gate Li Fantai, the pagoda is known as the Xingci Pagoda, commonly known as the Fan Pagoda, and the Taizong Reconstruction. Rebuilt in the early Ming Dynasty, the top of the pagoda was cut, leaving only three levels, which is commonly known as the Pagoda today. The "Chronicle of the Ruins of Fenjing" has been created by the Baoxiang Temple for five generations, and there is a great statue of Maitreya and five hundred statues of arhats, which were destroyed by soldiers at the end of the Yuan Dynasty.
Song Ye Mengde's "Poetry of the Stone Forest" has, the largest scale is the Xiangguo Temple, the temple was built in the Northern Qi Tianbao, Tang Ruizong Jingyun II (711) changed to Xiangguo Temple; Xuanzong Tianbao in the fourth year (745) to build the Sacred Pavilion; Song Zhidao II (996) to build three doors, the building on it, the great Xiangguo Temple. Cao Han once seized the five hundred arhats of the Shandong Lin Temple in Lushan and placed them in the temple. The Song Dynasty Yanyi Curse Record wrote by The Song Dynasty, and at that time, the temple: Naiwa City, the monks' houses were scattered, and the two courtyards could accommodate more than 10,000 people, and all commercial and travel transactions were gathered in it. Those who seek to sell and resell other goods by the four sides will because of this. "Tokyo Dream" has a view that Xiangguoji Temple is actually the largest shopping mall in Tokyo, and inside the temple: there are two glass pagodas,...... East and West Tower Courtyard. The two corridors of the main hall are all handwritten by the name of the state minister, and the left mural is blazing with light Buddha descending from the Nine Obscure Ghosts and Hundred Plays. The Buddha on the right wall descended on the devil's mother and established a temple for the dedication of the music club horse team and the like. The main hall is full of hidden hall figures, which is exquisite.
Liang Sicheng's "Zhengding Investigation Chronicle" has been written, and the famous brakes outside Beijing have the first to promote the Longxing Temple in Zhengding Province. Founded by the Sui Kai Emperor, the temple was originally Longzang Temple, Song Kaibao four years, after the original lecture hall to build the Great Compassion Pavilion, inside the cast bronze Guanyin statue, Gao and Pavilion and so on. Song Taizu was fortunate that the statue still stands, the pavilion has been dilapidated and repaired, and the surrounding corridors and plastic walls, although only scales and claws are left, there are still considerable people. The temple's Song structures such as the Mani Temple, the Cishi Pavilion, and the Zhuanlunzang have also survived to this day.
The Taoist Temple of the Northern Song Dynasty began with Taizu, changing the Taiqing Temple of the Zhou Dynasty to jianlong temple, and also commanded the Yangzhou palace as the jianlong temple. Emperor Taizong built the Taiping Palace of the Qing Dynasty, and the scale began to be large. Zhenzong was especially indulged in the sayings of Fu Chen, and built the most, and You Luxury was incomparable. The "Facts of the Song Dynasty" has, in the first year of the Great Zhongxiang Fu, that is, the Jianlong Temple was added to the Yuqing Zhaoying Palace, and the number of service days was 30,000 or 40,000. Ming Chen Bangzhan wrote the "Chronicle of the History of song at the end of the book" as follows: The initial discussion of the camp palace material work must be fifteen years, and the palace repair orders Ding Zhiling to continue the day by night, and each wall is painted to give two candles, so it takes seven years. ...... The system is magnificent, the house is slightly less than the program, although jin bi has been possessed, Liu Chengjue will be destroyed and built more. He also commanded the whole world to place the Tianqing Temple, up to Emperor Huizong, confused by the Taoist priest Lin Lingsu, etc., as the Shangqing Baozhen Palace. The Tongjian Collection has, and also commandes: the world is blessed with heaven and earth, building palaces and temples, and shaping icons. In the first year of Xuanhe, he actually ordered the world to change the monastery to the palace, and the temple was restored the following year.
Luoyang is the Western Capital of the Song Dynasty, and the mountain tombs are in Yan. The "Jade Sea" has: Kai Bao Chu, Send Wang Renjue and other repair Luoyang palace room, Taizu to Luo, see its magnificence, Wang and others into the rank (into the promotion of official positions, increase the rank of Feng Lu). ...... Taizu was born in Luoyang, enjoyed his native style, and often had the intention of moving the capital, but his subordinates did not succeed. Miyagi Zhou Jiu Li Qi, the three gates in the south of the castle, the Five Phoenix Tower in the middle, and the building of Wei Li are also. There is a gate in the east, west and north: the Canglong, the Golden Tiger, and the Gongchen. The main hall is known as the Taiji Hall, and in front of it there are left and right Dragon Tail Road and Sun Lou Yue Lou. The "History of Song dynasty and geography" has: the palace room is more than 9,990 districts, and the scale can be called magnificent. In the EighteenTh Week of the Imperial City, there is a strange one, and the gates are directly opposite to the east and west gates of Miyagi Castle, and the inner gates are handled by the divisions. The capital is more than twelve miles on Friday, especially larger than Beijing. Emperor Shinjong had commanded the cultivation of Saikyo Ouchi. The reconstruction of Hui Zongzheng and the first six years of the first year was pre-prepared for the Gurudwara Xixing, and the scale was particularly large: decorated with real lacquer, the labor was very large, and the cost was not expensive. Li Gefei's "Records of the Famous Gardens of Luoyang" has, as for the grandeur of luoyang gardens, it is almost the same as that of Beijing. Heavy subjects to shi, often straight to Di Silo. From Fu Zhenggong to Lu Wenmu and other nineteen gardens. The cleverness of its pavilion and pond platform can also be seen in the labor of Luoyang's operation and financial resources at that time.
In the second year of Emperor Huizong Chongning (1103), Li Jie composed the "Construction of the French Style" promulgated. At the beginning of the seventh year (1092) of the seventh year (1092), Li Jie ( Li Jie ) served as a general supervisor ( civil construction agency ) , and presided over the construction of large civil engineering such as city gates , palaces , mansions , and temples. In the fourth year of Shaosheng (1097), he was commissioned to edit the "Construction French Style" (originally known as "Yuanyou French Style"), which was completed in the third year of Yuan Fu (1100). The architectural regulations set out in them are very different from the early methods of the Song and Liao Dynasties. Gaiyin Song Dynasty inherited the style of the five dynasties at the end of the Tang Dynasty, and the structure was still strong and simple. After Emperor Taizong's Taiping Revival (976), to the beginning of Emperor Huizong's reign (1101), for more than a hundred years, the construction was vigorous, and the rules of wood construction had changed rapidly; Chongning set, more than the former huge, easy to delicate, the trend is deliberately modified rather than heavy. At the end of Emperor Huizong's reign, between Zhenghe and Xuanhe, the style of the original, especially Shangqili, was the period for the implementation of the "Building the French Style". At present, the Yuhua Palace of Yongshou Temple in the first year (1008) of Yuci Daxiangfu in Shanxi, and the JinCi Hall of Taiyuan Tianshengjian (1023-1031), etc., the structure is beautiful and majestic, although the backbone is no longer as large as the Tang system, the details are still not as cumbersome and delicate as the Chongning French style, which can be described as the backbone of the Northern Song Dynasty architecture.
Disclaimer: The author Sun Yuliang, the online name Mei Xuan, this article has been posted "Sun Yuliang Sina Blog".