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Blackcurrant raisins
I believe that whether it is still engaged in agricultural production of growers are consumers are not unfamiliar with the name of "blackcurrant", engaged in agricultural production friends in the acquisition of scattered information about blackcurrant, there must be a lot of want to plant and develop. Most of these scattered information are like this: "2000-3000 jin per mu during the harvest period", "fresh fruit unit price 20-30 yuan", "seedling price 0.5-2 yuan", "2 years of fruit production, 20 years of fruit production, 260-400 trees per mu", "less disease, light management", "third generation of fruit, high nutrition, large demand". To sum up these scattered information is "no labor, no effort, no worries about selling, to the high investment of a thousand blocks, conservative to talk about the income of 50,000 or 60,000 acres", this is simply a prosperous road to get rich! Is there a renewed hope for agricultural production, or do you immediately want to plant a few acres? Don't worry, be careful, let's look down.
Consumers have eaten dried fruit products called blackcurrant raisins. Many friends will think of it as a grape, mainly because of the name "blackcurrant raisin" that we are most often exposed to. Blackcurrant raisins are long oval purple-black, chewy and particularly sweet, 15-30 pounds of price is not high, but this thing and blackcurrant but basically no half-cent relationship (the reason for using "basic" is not to rule out that there are really merchants who call "blackcurrant raisins" as "blackcurrant raisins" for sale), high-quality "blackcurrant raisins" are mostly processed by black grapes, just grapes called "blackcurrant". The "blackcurrant" on the Internet, which is rich in various nutrients, is not a grape, and it is not even a "relative" with the grape. Thinking about the efficacy of blackcurrant and eating raisins, do you feel deceived, and do you have a strong interest in real blackcurrant? In fact, Inon feels that this can not be regarded as deceived, people's name is "blackcurrant raisins" and not "blackcurrant dried", and the nutritional content of blackcurrant raisins is not low, and the commercial value of blackcurrants is not reflected in the drying, because the taste of the blackcurrant after drying is really not as good as the "blackcurrant raisins" that we often eat now, and the blackcurrant dried is mostly used for soaking water and not for dry fruit. Friends who want to learn more about blackcurrants or want to develop blackcurrant cultivation, read on.
Blackcurrant is also known as blackcurrant, black bean fruit, dry grape (it also borrowed the name of the grape), black tea sativa, etc., tiger ear grass tea sativa is a perennial deciduous small shrub (and grapes are not the same plant, if you have to give it a little relationship, they both belong to the dicotyledonous plants). Blackcurrant plants are about 1-2 meters tall, the leaves are palm-shaped cracks (generally 3-5 cracks, not deep), flower in May-June, fruit in July-August, the fruit is a small berries (with seeds inside), the berries are nearly round and ripe after black-purple, the umbilicus has a prominent calyx at the beginning, if dried, it will be smaller and rounder than the blackcurrant raisins we commonly see now, and even if the dried fruit umbilicus will still have sepal residues. Blackcurrant berries are rich in anthocyanins, carbohydrates, amino acids, vitamins, organic acids, flavonoids, calcium, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients, seeds also contain rare γ- linolenic acid, berries are more acidic, mostly used in the manufacture of fruit juices, fruit wine, food excipients, extract nutrients, etc., widely used in food, medical, cosmetics industry, seed can be pressed oil, is a high-end oilseed. Long-term consumption of blackcurrant has a certain health care effect, can improve vision, prevent anemia, improve human immunity, lower blood pressure to prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, has been crowned as the "king of berries" (another "king", we are always accustomed to giving fruit kings, after sealing), is the leader in the "third generation of fruits" in recent years.
Although the name blackcurrant is foreign, but China's northeast, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and other places have long been wild varieties of distribution, I believe many friends have eaten it very early or wild fruit. Nordic countries are the first to say that blackcurrant as an agricultural product for commercial cultivation of the region, about 400 years of history, of which the United Kingdom, France, Poland planting and cultivation area is larger, and has long formed a mechanized planting harvest, rough processing of the place of origin, factory deep processing and utilization, sales of the system system, the market acceptance is relatively high, has become the Nordic countries more characteristic of the agricultural industry. China's development of blackcurrant time is relatively late, probably in the 1990s in addition to the beginning of the development of planting, due to the low yield of wild varieties in China, has been introduced from Russia, Britain, Poland and other places to plant, after grafting improvement and development so far, in Xinjiang, northeast has a large planting area, but relative to European and American countries, there is still a large gap.
After a brief understanding of the physiological characteristics and planting development of blackcurrant, let's take a look at whether the attractive labels that blackcurrants mentioned earlier in Inong attract farmers and friends to plant are worth scrutinizing. Next, we will look at whether it is worth the large-scale development of farmers and friends from the perspective of planting and market demand.
First, from the perspective of planting management
1, blackcurrant has certain requirements for the growth environment
Blackcurrant has certain requirements for growing soils, preferring weakly acidic loose soils with deep soil layers, good air permeability, strong water permeability and rich organic matter. If the soil conditions cannot be met, after cultivation and planting, the yield, quality and fruit production age of blackcurrant will decrease, and the probability of diseases and insect pests in the growth cycle will increase the difficulty of management.
Blackcurrant has certain requirements for light, as a dwarf small shrub, sufficient light is the prerequisite for ensuring the robust growth of blackcurrant, sufficient light can improve the accumulation of various nutrients of blackcurrant fruit, improve its yield and quality, and vice versa, sunshine-drenched areas are not suitable for development and planting.
Blackcurrants have certain requirements for growth temperatures, blackcurrants prefer cold and cool climates, the most suitable growth temperature of blackcurrants is between 16 °C and 23 °C, and the accumulated temperature above 10 °C per year should be above 2000 °C. The temperature is too high or too low will affect its normal growth, when the summer ambient temperature is higher than 35 ° C, the blackcurrant plant will be burned by high temperature for a short time, when the winter temperature is lower than 0 ° C in a short period of time, the blackcurrant plant will freeze damage, resulting in yield reduction and degradation.
Blackcurrant growth has a certain demand for water, the growth cycle likes moisture and fear of waterlogging, if the rainy season is too frequent or the air, soil moisture is too large, then blackcurrant plants are prone to diseases and insect pests, affecting yield and quality, long-term waterlogging may lead to plant death. In addition, drought at the fruiting stage will reduce yield and quality of berries.
2. The output of blackcurrant in actual production cannot reach the theoretical output
At present, China's Xinjiang, northeast and other places, has developed blackcurrant cultivation for nearly 30 years, has begun to take shape, the actual large-scale production process output can not reach 2000-3000 pounds of theoretical output. At this stage, most of the colonized blackcurrants are seedlings grafted from foreign countries with high-yielding varieties and native varieties adapted to the climate of the production area. After planting, generally the second year can produce fruit, the first fruit due to the different varieties of mu yield in the range of 20-100 jin, planting 3-5 years after entering the harvest period, some large-scale production of orchards in Xinjiang, mu yield in 1000 kg - 1500 kg, is half of the theoretical mu yield. The United Kingdom adopts mechanized planting and harvesting orchards, and the yield per mu cannot reach the theoretical high yield, which is about 800-1300 jin. In addition, the sales price of fresh fruits also does not reach 20-30 yuan per catty, according to Yinong, the field sales price of blackcurrant fresh fruits in Xinjiang in the past two years is 3-6 yuan per catty, and the price gap between this price and the fragment information is still far away.
3. At present, there are certain difficulties in domestic large-scale planting and production
Blackcurrant was originally a wild variety, although after a long period of selective breeding has initially adapted to large-scale planting and production, but in the actual planting, if the management is not proper, such as extensive management mode, unreasonable use of fertilizer, plant cultivation density or improper pruning, pest control is not timely, it will affect the yield and quality.
Now China's blackcurrant production areas, in the agricultural planting and production of fruit is still based on artificial labor, blackcurrant fruit period is longer, the fruit is not like grapes like the whole ear growth, the fruit for the berry harvest improper easy to damage, rely on manual harvesting, it is difficult to ensure the quality and speed of fruit picking, labor consumption is large, labor costs account for a higher proportion of production costs.
Second, from the perspective of market demand
For such small berries as blackcurrants, the foreign market capacity is much larger than the domestic capacity, in our country blackcurrant is still in the position of niche fruits, although blackcurrant is indeed nutritious, widely used, with a variety of health care effects, want domestic consumers to fully accept, occupy a certain market capacity it really takes a while.
Due to the fruit nature of blackcurrant, it will deteriorate in 1-2 days after harvesting at room temperature storage, so it cannot be sold directly as most fruits as fresh fruits, in addition, blackcurrants as fresh fruits do not have an advantage in taste, so it belongs to agricultural products that need to be processed as commodities immediately after harvesting. At this stage, domestic blackcurrant is mainly processed into fruit juice, fruit wine, food excipients, etc., in addition, because the fruit contains a large number of anthocyanins and other natural pigments, seeds contain γ- linolenic acid, leaves contain vitamin C are used in medicine, cosmetics, chemical industry, and the price of these natural extracts is not low. It seems that in addition to not being sold as fresh fruit, other uses are favorable conditions, but China's agricultural product processing industry is still in the development stage, take the blackcurrant processing industry as an example, at this stage only China's main production areas have corresponding blackcurrant processing plants, the scale of the more concentrated production areas formed a series of planting production to processing and sales of a series of models, but compared with foreign countries are still in the primary stage, processing capacity is limited. Therefore, if there is large-scale planting outside the production area, there will be certain difficulties in transportation, and the cost is not advantageous compared to the direct planting in the production area.
After reading Yinong's above-mentioned description of blackcurrant planting management and market demand, most of them are some difficulties and challenges, do you think that the development of planting does not have the advantage of "no labor, no effort, no worry about selling, and at a high level, investing in a thousand blocks, and conservatively talking about the income of fifty or sixty thousand mu". However, Yinong believes that if the preconditions are guaranteed and the blackcurrant planting is corrected, there is still a great potential for development, because the society is developing, our demand for agricultural products is getting higher and higher, the concept of health care is getting more and more important, and the industrialization of domestic agricultural products has also been developing, so nutritious fruits such as blackcurrants will have a better market capacity in the future, and there will be a better development for the cultivation and planting of suitable areas such as Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Northeast China, which are sparsely populated. The example tells us that after planting blackcurrant in Xinjiang production areas, local agriculture has indeed been developed, and some areas have corresponding agricultural subsidies, although they are not the kind that produce tens of thousands per mu, but they also correspondingly improve the income of local farmers and friends. The development of the overall industry farmer friends can not promote, so what to do if you want to plant new blackcurrants? These prerequisites are best satisfied:
The climatic environment and soil conditions of the selected area should be roughly the same as those required for blackcurrant growth.
Local agricultural enterprises with blackcurrant processing conditions, or local scales with better sales channels, it is best to adopt the model of agricultural enterprise cooperation to reduce risks.
Correct mentality, don't move to think about tens of thousands of yuan per mu, agricultural production has never been an industry that has become rich overnight.
Since planting, it is necessary to refine management, and high quality and high yield are the premise of ensuring income.
Develop from a small area, and you can't blindly covet the big.
In non-suitable areas, before the development of adaptable varieties, planting development must be cautious.
The above is the situation of blackcurrant introduced by Inon for everyone, at this stage there are indeed many difficulties and challenges in the planting and development of blackcurrant in China, and if you want to develop planting, you must meet the prerequisites, do not blindly enter the initial understanding and can not kill one-sided judgment that it has no development prospects. Inong also wants to say that when developing the cultivation of agricultural products, we must understand it thoroughly, do not have the idea of getting rich overnight by planting land, agricultural planting and production is never simple, see clearly, be prepared, and be down-to-earth, in order to make money in agriculture. Finally, Yinong hopes that in the future, blackcurrants will have a better development in our country, and farmers and friends who grow blackcurrants will have a better return and promote the comprehensive development of China's agriculture.
Detailed, welcome to discuss!