Emperor Mingxianzong Zhu Mishen (9 December 1447 – 9 September 1487), originally known as Zhu Mishen (朱見深), later renamed Zhu Mishen (朱見濡). The eighth emperor of the Ming Dynasty, the eldest son of Emperor Ming Yingzong Zhu Qizhen, his mother Empress Xiaosu of the Zhou clan. He reigned for twenty-three years (1464-1487), and his era name was Chenghua. After the Tumu Rebellion in the fourteenth year of orthodoxy (1449), his father Zhu Qizhen was taken captive by Wa Lai, his uncle Zhu Qiyu was appointed to oversee the state, and Zhu Jianshen was made crown prince. In the third year of Jingtai (1452), Zhu Qiyu deposed Zhu Mishen as the Prince of Yi and made Zhu Jianji crown prince. In the eighth year of Jingtai (1457), Emperor Yingzong was restored due to the change of the gate, and Zhu Jianshen was once again made crown prince.
As a result, in the history of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Jianshen was twice made crown prince, which made Zhu Mishen suffer in his youth. During zhu jianshen's reign, he restored Zhu Qiyu's title as emperor in the early years of his reign, rehabilitated Yu Qian's unjust case, and appointed the wise minister ShangRui to govern the government, which indeed restored the national strength of the Ming Dynasty. However, for Emperor Mingxianzong Zhu Jianshen, he was not a perfect emperor. Below, let's talk about Emperor Mingxianzong Zhu Jianshen.
One
First of all, Emperor Mingxianzong's original name was Zhu Jianshen, and later changed his name to Zhu Jianshen (recorded in the Records of Emperor Xianzong). Born in the Forbidden City on December 9, 1447, in the twelfth year of orthodoxy. In the fourteenth year of orthodoxy (1449), the Tumu Fort Rebellion broke out, and Zhu Mishen's father Zhu Qizhen was captured by Wa La. In this context, Yu Qian and other ministers consulted with the empress dowager and decided to appoint the emperor's younger brother, Zhu Qiyu the Prince of Qi, as emperor and Emperor Yingzong as emperor. Therefore, Zhu Qiyu ascended the throne and changed his name to Yuan Jingtai as Emperor Jingtai of the Ming Dynasty. Of course, for Empress Sun, in order to ensure that Zhu Jianshen could successfully inherit the throne, she was made crown prince.
Soon after, the Wala army attacked the Ming capital, and because of the full resistance of Yu Qian and others, Wala could only retreat in the end. However, for Zhu Jianshen, this is not the time to take a long breath. With the fierce competition for the throne, Zhu Jianshen's situation was naturally getting more and more difficult.
In the third year of Jingtai (1452), the crown prince Zhu Mishen was deposed as the Prince of Yi. The Jingtai Emperor Zhu Qiyu deposed his nephew Zhu Jianshen and made his own son Zhu Jianji crown prince. Unexpectedly, the next year, Zhu Jianji died prematurely, and was posthumously awarded the title of Prince of Huaixian. In the first month of the eighth year of Jingtai (1457), the Jingtai Emperor Zhu Qiyu fell seriously ill. The ministers Shi Heng, Xu Youzhen and others slammed open the gate of the Southern Palace and welcomed Emperor Yingzong to the throne. Emperor Mingying was restored to the throne and Emperor Jingtai was deposed as the King of Qi. It was the year to change Yuan Tianshun, and as far as Zhu Jianshen was concerned, he naturally restored the position of prince. However, Zhu Jianshen was involved in the struggle for the throne at an early age, and his mental pressure was extremely high, so he fell into a stuttering problem.
In the eighth year of Tianshun (1464), on the first month of the first month, Emperor Mingyingzong Zhu Qizhen became seriously ill. On February 23 of the same year, Emperor Mingyingzong died. On the day of Yi Hai, the crown prince succeeded to the throne, and in the following year, he changed his era name to Chenghua. In March, Empress Dowager Yingzong of Zunming was made Empress Dowager Ciyi, and her biological mother, Zhou Shi, was made Empress Dowager. In May, He buried Emperor Yingzong of Ming in Yuling.
Two
After Zhu Jianshen ascended the throne, he rehabilitated Yu Qian and restored yu Qian's son to his official position. In spite of the fact that Emperor Jingtai had deposed his own crown prince, he repaid his grievances with virtue, restored The Emperor Jingtai's title, posthumously honored "Emperor Gongren Kang Dingjing", and rebuilt the tomb of Emperor Jingdi, winning a round of praise from the government and the public. Therefore, it is very obvious that Emperor Mingxianzong Zhu Jianshen was a generous and benevolent emperor.
For Emperor Mingxianzong, the appointment of Li Xian as a Shaobao and Huagaidian scholar, as well as Peng Shi, Shangrui and other people among the cabinet ministers, can be described as a wealth of talents, and the government is relatively clear. Due to the assistance of the famous minister, coupled with the above series of measures, Zhu Jianshen still appeared in the image of Ming Jun at the beginning of his reign. As we all know, in the history of the Ming Dynasty, the change of Tumu Fort can be said to be an important turning point in the transformation of the Ming Dynasty from prosperity to decline. The change of Tumu Fort is completely comparable to the Battle of Changping for the Zhao Dynasty. Therefore, at the beginning of The reign of Emperor Mingxianzong, the reuse of sages and the restoration of national strength really helped to prolong the existence of the Ming Dynasty. Moreover, Zhu Jianshen's restoration of Zhu Qiyu's imperial title for Yu Qian's restoration also helped to alleviate the internal contradictions of the Ming Dynasty.
At the same time, in view of the Jingxiang displaced people who began to appear during the Yuan Dynasty, the emphasis and placement of the displaced people during the Chenghua period was caused by the uprising of Liu Tong and Shi Long. After the Ming dynasty court quelled the uprising, it appointed Yuan Jie to appease the displaced people, and set up Yunyang Prefecture, fixed the form of household registration for displaced people in the local area, and set up Yunyang Fuzhi to solve this problem once and for all.
Three
In September of the third year of Chenghua (1467), in view of the repeated violations of the border by the Jurchens of Jianzhou, the Ming court gathered a 50,000-strong army with the general officer Zhao Fuhang Jingyu as the commander-in-chief. Zuo Du Yushi and Li Bing, the governor of Liaodong, were deputy commanders-in-chief. The soldiers are divided into three roads: the left road out of the Hun River, the Chai River over the Shimen, and the Tumu River to the watershed; the right road passes through the Black Pine Forest of Phoenix City and Xichangkou, and the Skyscraper Ridge reaches the Po Pig River; the main force crosses the Suzi River through Bo Dao Mountain and Sticky Fish Ridge through Wuling to the ancient city. And this, of course, is a heavy blow to the jianzhou women. In this regard, in the author's opinion, in the early days of Ming Xianzong's reign, Wenzhi Wugong could be called a generation of Ming Jun. However, the performance of Emperor Mingxianzong in the later period of his reign undoubtedly lowered the historical evaluation of the emperor.
According to the "History of Ming" and other historical records, in the later period of Ming Xianzong's reign, he did not see the ministers, and the group of ministers were conveyed through the eunuchs of the inner court. And this naturally led to the interference of eunuchs and villains in the government. Moreover, after Jinyiwei and Dongchang, Ming Xianzong also set up a west factory. The West Factory was founded in the thirteenth year of Chenghua (1477). The site was set up in a gray factory in front of the Lingji Palace in Xicheng. After the official establishment of the West Factory, Wang Zhi borrowed the power of Jinyi Weizhong to supervise the hundred officials of the imperial court. With the support of Emperor Mingxianzong, Xichang was very arrogant, and in the year of its establishment, Lianxing Prison arrested Langzhong Wuqing, Le Zhang, Jiang Zongwu, the pedestrian Zhang Tinggang, the Zhejiang envoy Liu Fu, and Zuo Tongzheng Fangxian. The left and right envoys of the provinces of the Ming Dynasty were from Erpin and had a very high rank. However, Xichang could be raided without the emperor's consent.
Four
Finally, of course, because the West Factory aroused the anger of the Hundred Officials, in the first month of the eighteenth year of Chenghua (1482), Zhu Mishen ordered the abolition of the West Factory. In July of the nineteenth year of Chenghua (1483), the little prince of Mongolia invaded the important town of Datong. In July of the twenty-second year of Chenghua (1486), the little prince of Mongolia invaded Ganzhou again, and Yao Ying and others were killed in battle. In November, Annan invaded Champa and the Champa prince Gu Lai fled into the Ming Dynasty. It has to be said that in the later period of Ming Xianzong's reign, there was once again a situation of internal and external troubles. At that time, Zhu Jianshen relied on the eunuchs Huai'en and Qin Ji. Wynne was afraid to give advice. Qin Ji studied in the Eastern Palace and served the prince. Both eunuchs have a good reputation in the DPRK and China. The Empress Wang clan was indifferent. The court relied on the ten thousand noble concubines to rule everything.
In the first month of the twenty-third year of Chenghua (1487), Wan Guifei fell ill and died. In July of the same year, Zhu Youzhuo was made the Prince of Xing, Zhu Youbin the King of Qi, Zhu Youbin the King of Yi, Zhu Youyu the King of Heng, and Zhu Youfeng the King of Yong. In August of that year, Emperor Mingxianzong fell ill and died. He was forty-one years old. The will of the crown prince Youji is the throne, which is Ming Xiaozong. In September, Shangzun, The Temple Name Xianzong, buried Mao Mausoleum. In general, in the history of the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Mingxianzong Zhu Jianshen was an emperor with meritorious deeds. On the one hand, his attitude toward Yu Qian, Zhu Qiyu and others is really admirable. However, after making small achievements, Zhu Jianshen neglected the government, favored Wan Guifei and eunuchs, and once set up a West Factory that was even worse than the East Factory, all of which could be said to be half ninety for those who walked a hundred miles.