A few days ago, a visitor from home suddenly talked about the topic of "general job diversion". I wondered what to do if my friend's daughter was only 1 and a half years old, and she began to worry about what if her child could not get into high school and could only go to a middle school job.
Teacher Xu felt very speechless, saying that you are a 985 doctor, your wife is a master's degree in 211, or a teacher at a key high school in the city, and you are still worried about the problem of children going to school, so why let others do it?
Friends do not think so, feel that now the education policy can only let half of the students go to high school, half have to go to vocational school, plus there is a "double reduction", children can not make up lessons, the school is not tight, their relatives and friends are quite worried...
Although what he thinks does represent the minds of some parents, this general job diversion is not only this year, it has been ten years, are you only starting to pay attention to it now?
Yes, this general 1:1 diversion policy has indeed been around for ten years. A casual Baidu, you can find that the Ministry of Education issued a document in 2011...
But why has everyone begun to pay so much attention to this policy in recent years? Teacher Xu feels that it is probably because some provinces and cities have only implemented the 1:1 diversion in the enrollment of the middle school entrance examination in the past two or three years, which has made this policy implemented nationwide; and what else, it is naturally related to the current "double reduction", such as the "baby promotion is similar to opening the blind box" that has been wildly reprinted on the Internet:
These are invisibly, adding to the anxiety of many parents, especially Kochi parents...
Shanghai, as the magic capital, ten years ago was a pilot city, anyway, what policy came out, always like to try in Shanghai first, the people of the magic capital are used to it. Therefore, since then, the Shanghai Secondary School Entrance Examination has always been regarded as a "place where soldiers must fight".
However, due to two reasons, Shanghainese did not care so much about the general job diversion of the middle school entrance examination at the beginning, one of which was because the importance of "small promotion at the beginning" exceeded the middle school examination, after all, the private junior high school crushed the public office in all directions, and could be promoted to the private junior high school, especially the top private one, that did not care about the later middle school examination. In addition, the city's key high schools can "independently enroll", to a certain extent, bypassing the middle school entrance examination, so in the minds of the parents of the magic capital, the diversion of the early xiaosheng is more important. However, what happened later everyone also knows, "citizen recruitment", "private over-quota lottery" and "new middle school entrance examination reform" policy, as well as the possible future of "people to public", so that everyone re-examine the importance of "small promotion", only to wake up, or "middle school entrance examination" is more important, the examination is not good to go to the vocational school!
The second reason is that there are a large number of migrant workers in Shanghai who move with them, and in the case that their parents do not have a residence permit or the residence permit points are not enough, these children cannot go to the general high school, and can only go to the middle job. Therefore, from the perspective, the number of general vocational schools in Shanghai is basically the same, which meets the 1:1 requirements of the policy. However, the number of students with Shanghai hukou and parents' residence permit points to enter the general high school is still greater than 50%, plus some families with good conditions choose to go to international high schools. Therefore, there is a saying that 70% of Shanghai students (including residence permits) can go up to pugao.
We can refer to the number of applicants for the middle school entrance examination in 2017 is about 74,000, and by 2020, the number of applicants for the college entrance examination is about 50,000, so it is indeed close to 70%. The reason why there is no reference to 2021 is because the number of college entrance examinations rose to about 70,000 this year, that is, due to the impact of the epidemic, many children who intend to go abroad have turned to the domestic college entrance examination...
In terms of secondary vocational education in Shanghai, on the school level, there are many state-level priorities, hardware that is leveraged; on the way of running schools, there are ordinary middle vocational, middle and high vocational through and middle and ben through, the latter two, especially the middle and the root through that is very attractive.
After all, at present, there are very few secondary vocational students who join the work as soon as they graduate, and the vast majority of them still choose to continue to study, and it is naturally the best to be able to penetrate the middle school, or choose to read all the way to higher vocational schools, and then strive to upgrade to the book, this road is the choice of most secondary vocational students.
The general job diversion itself is a reference to the German model, but unfortunately, on the one hand, our vocational education is far inferior to Germany, on the other hand, in terms of employment orientation, enterprise recruitment still has some prejudices against middle and high vocational students, and the recruitment of "assembly line workers" is another ...
However, with the rise of artificial intelligence, we now look at Germany, we will find that they are also changing, the power of science and technology has led to many jobs will be replaced by artificial intelligence at present or in the future, if you receive vocational training very early and give up the study of cultural classes, it will lead to once your field encounters the threat of artificial intelligence, you will be difficult to find a job again. So now the number of people choosing vocational schools in Germany is decreasing year by year, on the contrary, more and more people apply for universities, and everyone wants to give themselves more opportunities and does not want to be limited to an industry or position early.
This is also a good explanation for why the "professional upgrading book" has been a good choice in the past, now and in the future. Students holding an undergraduate diploma in their hands will still feel more confident! As for the problem of "first education", the Ministry of Education also came out to stand up during this time, hoping to dispel such a statement!
Writing here, Teacher Xu suddenly remembered a past event, in 2014, I met Lu Jing, then deputy director of the Municipal Education Commission, at a meeting, he was the provost of Fudan, the vice president of Hua Normal University, he was in charge of vocational education at the time, at the meeting he raised some questions, that is, about "middle and high vocational penetration" and "middle and high vocational penetration", he said that he has been thinking, secondary vocational students now have to continue to study, further education, and do not work directly, then they are promoted and then promoted to the book, and even directly through the middle school, What is the difference between this and the general high school students' undergraduate examination, what knowledge and ability have been mastered by the middle vocational students in the two years of study and one year of practice of the middle vocational school, which will help them have outstanding performance in the higher vocational work? If you do not have direct employment and have run to further your education, is this vocational education contrary to its original intention?
Director Lu's speech at that time also made me think a lot, and I thought he would make certain reforms to Secondary Vocational Education in Shanghai, but it didn't take long for him to transfer away, and now he is the principal of YingJi University... But the questions he raised deserve reflection.
Until 2020, the Ministry of Education and other nine departments issued the "Vocational Education Quality Improvement and Excellence Action Plan (2020-2023)" notice (Teaching Career Cheng [2020] No. 7), which clearly stated that "standardize the long-term study system of technical and technical skills talents through the training, gradually cancel the secondary vocational undergraduate through, moderately expand the secondary vocational specialty penetration, through the major to the beginning of the study of young age, long training cycle, high skill requirements of the major." "The state has once again adjusted the policy direction of middle and high vocational education, and we can also clearly see the new trend of the development of middle and high vocational education in the future, and the middle and high vocational integration has become the key direction of future development, and the middle and high vocational education will soon become history."
However, no matter how the state advocates, many people still have many prejudices against secondary occupations, and feel that the existence of these schools is to discipline a group of minors and maintain social stability, and I cannot deny the existence of this function and its value. But in Shanghai, if you want to tell me that middle school students have serious behavioral deviations and need to be strictly disciplined, that is really biased, it is an individual phenomenon, is there no Pugaoli?
Teacher Xu often goes to some secondary vocational schools to give lectures, I think many students are very polite, and sunny and positive, unlike some students in the city's key high schools are depressed, I think it may be due to the lack of excessive academic burden, plus school management is relatively not so strict. Of course, the physical and mental health and career development of middle school students need our constant attention!
From the perspective of national development, we will continue to strengthen the integration of middle and high vocational education, continue to consolidate the talent base of vocational education at the middle and higher vocational levels, strengthen the channel role of counterpart further education in the selection of vocational education talents, and form a pyramid-shaped vocational education talent structure based on secondary vocational education, with higher vocational education as the core and specialized education as the cutting-edge, so as to meet the needs of all walks of life for talents at all levels of vocational education.
According to the current demographic situation in our country, the future of human unions is becoming more and more expensive, the so-called "low-end labor" is either replaced by machines, or seemingly low-end is actually a lot of money, this is the development trend ...
In summary, Teacher Xu still wants to clarify a concept with everyone, that is, at any time and in any country, its education policy is to serve the development of the country, remember, not to serve a certain person and a certain class, but to serve the country! As the Tao Te Ching says, "The heavens and the earth are not merciful, and all things are dogs." The saints are unkind and take the common people as dogs! ”
But for individuals, everyone has the right to pursue happiness! The policy is for everyone, just like the rules of the game, players can choose whether to study and use the rules, or blindly complain about others, which will bring different endings. And the people who can really open and can open plug-ins, after all, are still very few!
Similarly, for each child, on the way to school, as far as possible to throw away the influence of off-site money factors, completely rely on their own IQ, efforts, habits, attitudes, etc., under the education of family and school, see how far the child can go...