Executive Summary
The great victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression was a historical turning point in the chinese nation's transition from a deep crisis to a great rejuvenation since modern times. The great victory in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression was achieved because the national spirit with patriotism as the core was inherited and carried forward, because the Communist Party of China played a mainstay role, because the awakened Chinese and the Chinese nation waged a nationwide war of resistance, and because the help and support of the people of peace and justice played a certain role.
The Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression was the longest-lasting, largest-scale, and sacrificial national liberation struggle of the Chinese people against foreign invasion in modern times, and it was also the first national liberation struggle that won complete victory. This great victory is a historical turning point in the Chinese nation from a deep crisis in modern times to a great rejuvenation, and has opened up a bright prospect for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speech at the symposium commemorating the 75th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War reviewed the history of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, and profoundly summarized the historical enlightenment of the Chinese people to win the victory in the War of Resistance Against Japan. Deeply studying and comprehending the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speech, profoundly understanding the historical reasons for the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan, profoundly understanding the great significance of the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan, and vigorously carrying forward the great spirit of the War of Resistance are of great significance for us to enhance the "four consciousnesses", strengthen the "four self-confidences", achieve "two safeguards", strive to walk the long march road of the new era, realize the "two hundred years" goal, and realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
The spiritual factor of the historical turning point: The national spirit with patriotism as the core is the decisive factor for the victory of the Chinese people in the War of Resistance Against Japan
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "The victory of the Chinese people in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression is a great victory of the national spirit with patriotism as the core. "In modern times, an important reason why China has repeatedly lost battles against foreign aggression is that the country lacks the ideological strength and spiritual weapons to unite the people. The reason why the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression became a turning point in history was because the national spirit with patriotism as the core was inherited and carried forward.
Under certain conditions, the spirit can become material, and the power of the spirit can be transformed into the power of matter. In the course of its long-term historical development, the Chinese nation has struggled hard and worked hard, loved peace, good-neighborliness and friendship, feared no violence and resisted foreign enemies, and formed a national spirit with patriotism as the core. The great national spirit has always been a powerful driving force to encourage the Chinese people to make unremitting efforts to improve themselves and move forward with determination. In the magnificent process of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and under the guidance and call of the banner of the anti-Japanese national united front advocated and established by the Communist Party of China, the great national spirit has been vigorously inherited and carried forward, and the patriotism of the Chinese nation has been expressed more intensely, more extensively, more lastingly, and more deeply than in any previous era. The patriotic feelings of the people of Chinese in the rise and fall of the world and the responsibility of the people in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the national integrity of treating death as a homecoming and preferring to die unyieldingly, the heroic spirit of not fearing violence and fighting to the end in blood, and the belief in victory that will be indomitable and persevering in every inch of the War of Resistance are the great spirit of the War of Resistance forged in the War of Resistance and have become an organic part of the great national spirit.
The reason why the Chinese people were able to win the great victory in the War of Resistance Against Japan was that the national spirit with patriotism as the core was the decisive factor. A mother named Deng Yufen in Beijing's Miyun County sent her husband and five children to the front line of the anti-Japanese war without hesitation, and all of them died on the battlefield, showing the patriotic feeling of destroying the family for the survival of the nation. Yang Jingyu sacrificed his life for the japanese Kou with the belief that "the head is thrown away, the blood can be sprayed, and the loyal will will not be shaken". When his body was dissected by the Japanese army, his stomach was full of dry grass, bark and cotton wool, and there was not a single grain of grain, showing the noble dignity of sacrificing his life for the dignity of the nation. Many heroic groups, such as the "Five Heroes of Wolf Tooth Mountain" of the Eighth Route Army, the "Liu Laozhuang Company" of the New Fourth Army, the eight female fighters of the Northeast Anti-Japanese League, and the "Eight Hundred Heroes" of the Kuomintang Army, fully embody the Chinese nation's courage to fight to the end against its enemies. It is precisely this great national spirit that is transformed into a powerful spiritual force that overwhelms all enemies and overcomes all difficulties.
History has enlightened us that no one can stand without spirit, and no spirit of the country is not strong. The great national spirit is a powerful spiritual support for the Chinese nation to live endlessly and pass on the torch. The great spirit of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression is the precious spiritual wealth of the Chinese people and a powerful spiritual driving force that will always inspire us to overcome all difficulties and obstacles and strive for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. To realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we must vigorously carry forward the national spirit with patriotism as the core and the spirit of the times with reform and innovation as the core. The one who walks a hundred miles is half ninety. Realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is by no means something that can be achieved easily by beating a gong and a drum. We are in a time when the boat to the middle of the river is more urgent, and the road to the middle of the mountain is steeper, we must carry forward the spirit of struggle, dare to gnaw hard bones, break through difficulties, and wade into dangerous shoals, effectively cope with major challenges, resist major risks, overcome major obstacles, and resolve major contradictions.
Political Factors of Historical Turning Point: The mainstay role of the Communist Party of China was the key to the victory of the Chinese people in the War of Resistance Against Japan
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "The victory of the Chinese people in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression is a great victory for the Communist Party of China to play a pivotal role. "In modern times, another important reason why China has repeatedly failed in battles against foreign aggression is the decay and incompetence of the ruling clique. The reason why the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression became a turning point in history was because the Communist Party of China played a pivotal role.
"The emergence of the Communist Party in China is a groundbreaking event." "Since the advent of the Communist Party of China, the face of the Chinese revolution has taken on a new look." The Communist Party of China is the vanguard of the Chinese working class and at the same time the vanguard of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation. Since its founding, the Communist Party of China has taken the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation as its historical mission, and has been the most resolute in defending national independence, the most resolute in safeguarding national interests, and the most courageous in opposing foreign aggression. The practice of the struggle against Japan is the greatest test and the most practical test of the Party spirit of the Chinese Communists.
History shows that the Communist Party of China played a pivotal role in the War of Resistance Against Japan. So, in what ways is this mainstay manifested? First of all, the Communist Party of China was the earliest propagator, mobilizer, and resister of the Chinese people's resistance to Japanese militarist aggression. As early as 1931, when Japanese militarism launched the September 18 Incident, the CPC Central Committee and the Manchurian Provincial Committee of the CPC issued a declaration of opposition. The Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic, established in November of the same year, issued the Declaration of War against Japan the following year. The Communist Party of China promptly led and organized the anti-Japanese armed forces in the northeast and effectively resisted the Japanese army. Second, the Communist Party of China actively advocated, established, and maintained the anti-Japanese national united front, and became an outstanding organizer, inspiration, and strong political leadership core that united and rallied the anti-war forces of the whole nation. At the juncture when the Japanese aggressors created the North China Incident and the national crisis was unprecedentedly serious, the Communist Party of China took the lead in advocating the establishment of an anti-Japanese national united front, promoting the peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident, promoting the formal formation of the second Kuomintang-Communist cooperation, and realizing the nationwide War of Resistance. In the face of the Kuomintang's compromise and wavering, the CPC has clearly put forward the political proposition of "persisting in resisting the war of resistance and opposing surrender, upholding unity and opposing separatism, persisting in progress, and opposing retrogression," adhering to the principle of struggle that is "reasonable, beneficial, and restrained," and striving to unite all the forces that demand resistance against Japan so that the anti-Japanese national united front can be consolidated and developed. Third, the Communist Party of China formulated and implemented the line of all-round war of resistance and the general principle of the strategy of protracted war, and became the proposer, guide, and leader of the correct strategy of the war of resistance against Japan. The strategic thinking of protracted war put forward by the CPC has armed the broad masses of the army and the people under the leadership of the party, and has also exerted a major impact on the people in the occupied areas and the kuomintang areas, as well as on the Kuomintang army, and has greatly encouraged and strengthened the confidence and determination of the Chinese military and people to win victory in the War of Resistance. The anti-Japanese armed forces under the leadership of the Communist Party of China resisted 60 percent of the invading Japanese army and 95 percent of the puppet army throughout the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, with more than 600,000 casualties among commanders and fighters and more than 6 million casualties among the masses in the anti-Japanese base areas.
History has enlightened us that the Communist Party of China is the backbone of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation. To realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we must uphold and strengthen the party's overall leadership, continuously push forward the party's self-revolution with the courage to face problems squarely and the consciousness of turning the blade inward, build the party into a stronger and more powerful party, and use the party's great self-revolution to promote the great social revolution carried out by the party leading the people.
The Popular Factors of the Historical Turning Point: The National War of Resistance Was an Important Magic Weapon for the Victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression Chinese
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "The victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression is a great victory for the whole nation to fight bravely and courageously. "In modern times, another important reason why China has repeatedly lost battles against foreign aggression is that the nation is weak and scattered within the nation and the country is scattered. The reason why the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression became a turning point in history was because the Chinese people and the Chinese nation had awakened and waged a nationwide war of resistance.
After the Opium War, the imperialist powers divided their respective spheres of influence in China and sought proxies. Warlord wars and feudal divisions have led to the suffering and displacement of the people. The nation is not united, the people are not organized, the government is politically corrupt, the country has no defense, and the Chinese nation is in a state of poverty and weakness.
The people are the creators of history and the decisive factor in social change. Unity is strength, unity is victory. Under the banner of the anti-Japanese national united front based on the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China, the people of the whole country, regardless of whether they are north or south, people of all ages and children, have no hesitation in throwing themselves into the torrent of resistance against the Japanese aggressors. The essence and core essence of the line of all-out war of resistance and the strategic thinking of protracted war and the strategy and tactics of guerrilla warfare put forward by the Communist Party of China are people's war. Comrade Mao Zedong said: "By mobilizing the common people of the whole country, we have created a vast ocean of disasters in which the enemy has been destroyed, created the conditions for remedying the deficiencies in weapons and so on, and created the premise for overcoming all difficulties in war. "The deepest roots of the greatness of war are among the people. The main reason why Japan dares to bully us is the unorganized state of the Chinese people. Overcoming this shortcoming, we will put the Japanese aggressors before our tens of millions of people who have stood up, and make it rush into the fire like a bison, and we will frighten it with a loud cry, and this bison must be burned to death. Our party adheres to the principle that "soldiers and the people are the foundation of victory," mobilizes and relies on the people, and mobilizes the masses of the people to extensively carry out guerrilla warfare tactics such as ambush warfare, sabotage warfare, mine warfare, tunnel warfare, and sparrow warfare, thus plunging the Japanese aggressors into the vast ocean of people's war. The battlefield behind enemy lines opened up by the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the frontal battlefield commanded by the Kuomintang cooperated to form a strategic situation of jointly resisting the Japanese aggressors. It was precisely Chinese people who held the conviction of the War of Resistance to the end; no matter how arduous the conditions were, no matter how cruel the war was, no matter how great the sacrifices were, they never wavered in their determination to recover the rivers and mountains, persisted in the War of Resistance, protracted the War of Resistance, eliminated and pinned down a large number of Japanese aggressors' troops, and with the huge national sacrifice of 35 million casualties, they finally won the great victory in the War of Resistance Against Japan, created a miracle in the history of human warfare, and made tremendous contributions to the victory of the world anti-fascist war.
History has enlightened us that the people are the real heroes, and the masses of the people are the source of our strength. As long as we closely unite and rely on the people, we will certainly be able to overcome all difficulties and obstacles. To realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we must unswervingly adhere to the people's dominant position, persist in taking the people as the center, and persist in the people being the masters of their own affairs. It is necessary to strengthen the great unity of the people of all nationalities throughout the country, strengthen the great unity of the sons and daughters of the Chinese nation at home and abroad, and gather together the mighty strength to forge ahead and overcome difficulties.
External Factors of The Turning Point in History: The help and support of the peace- and justice-loving peoples of all countries is a necessary condition for the victory of the Chinese people in the War of Resistance Against Japan
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "The victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression is a great victory for the Chinese people to fight side by side with the anti-fascist allies and the people of all countries. "In modern times, another important reason why China has repeatedly failed in fighting against foreign aggression is the lack of help and support from the international community. The reason why the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression became a turning point in history was that the establishment of the international anti-fascist united front and the help and support of the peace- and justice-loving peoples of all countries played a certain role.
In the development and change of things, internal factors are the basis of change, and external factors play a role through internal causes, but the favorable conditions of external factors are also indispensable. The great victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression was inseparable from the valuable assistance and support given by all peace- and justice-loving countries and peoples of the world, international organizations, and other anti-fascist forces to the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japan. The Soviet Union gave China strong material support for the War of Resistance, the American "Flying Tigers" ventured to open up hump routes, and a large number of anti-fascist fighters from Korea, Vietnam, Canada, India, New Zealand, Poland, Denmark, Germany, Austria, Romania, Bulgaria, Japan, and other countries directly threw themselves into the Chinese War of Resistance. Canadian doctor Bethune and Indian doctor Ke Dihua came to China to save lives and injuries, French doctor BexiYe opened a bicycle "hump route" for transporting medicines, and Rabe of Germany and Sindberg of Denmark did everything possible to protect Chinese refugees in the Nanjing Massacre. In the later period of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Soviet Red Army marched to the northeast battlefield of China to fight against Japan together with the Chinese military and people, accelerating the process of completely defeating the Japanese aggressors.
History has enlightened us that the future and destiny of the people of all countries in the world are closely linked and closely related. China's development cannot be separated from the world, and the prosperity of the world needs China. The Chinese people are a great people who are industrious and brave, and the Chinese nation is a great nation that never ceases to improve itself. Chinese people and the Chinese nation should make due contributions to the world. To realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we must develop friendly cooperation with all countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. Unswervingly follow the path of peaceful development, unswervingly adhere to the basic national policy of opening up to the outside world, and unswervingly pursue an open strategy of mutual benefit and win-win results. Promote the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind, promote the construction of a new type of international relations, promote the joint construction of the "Belt and Road", and continuously make new and greater contributions to the noble cause of human peace and development in the process of developing and expanding themselves.
(The author is president of the Institute of Party History and Literature of the CPC Central Committee and president of the Chinese Communist Party History Society)
People's Daily ( 2020.09.08 09 edition)
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