Museums are a place I love to go, and when I travel to a city with museums, I always have to punch a card when I have the opportunity. The interesting thing about old objects is that you can see some of the life trajectories of that era through this point, how is this thing used? The ancients used to live like this... This kind of cultural atmosphere that spans a long time and is pieced together by pieces is always full of interest.
Last month, I went to Nanchang on a business trip, and after busy work, I got a little half a day of free time, casually dealt with a mouthful of local characteristics of mixed powder, and took Metro Line 1 to go straight to jiangxi's largest comprehensive museum, the first batch of national first-class museums - Jiangxi Provincial Museum (new museum).
Due to the long distance, I took advantage of the time to take the subway and checked the raiders:
"The Jiangxi Provincial Museum (New Museum) is one of the three major museums of the Jiangxi Provincial Cultural Center, with a total of 6 floors, a construction area of 86,000 square meters, and an exhibition area of 28,000 square meters. The total number of collections is about 58916 pieces (sets), including 370 first-class cultural relics (sets), 1063 second-class cultural relics (sets), 9220 third-level cultural relics (sets), and 48263 general cultural relics (sets). The collection categories include bronze, porcelain, calligraphy and painting, revolutionary cultural relics, miscellaneous items, etc., with bronze and ceramic cultural relics are the most distinctive, the characteristic collections include Shang Dynasty bronzes excavated from Xingan Oceania, Guixiya Tomb unearthed Eastern Zhou lacquered wood and original porcelain, Ming Dynasty FanWang tomb excavated cultural relics, historical ceramics, Jiangxi celebrity calligraphy and painting, Jiangxi modern revolutionary cultural relics, etc. ——Jiangxi Provincial Museum official website
Jiangxi Provincial Museum (New Building)
As a national-level museum, the collection is very rich and dazzling. Fortunately, the Jiangxi Provincial Museum has a very humane "online audio explanation" mini program, corresponding to the visit route, a brief description of each small museum, and a detailed introduction to some of the "town museum" level collections.
Due to the limited personal time, I spent a lot of money and harvested a photo full of mobile phones, a series of sighs and unfinished thoughts, and of course, "a head of foggy water". Such a large number of collections, the museum naturally can not make a detailed explanation of each collection, the vast majority of the collection is actually only a small nameplate, writing the name of the collection, the age of the collection and the source of the collection, such as a section of stone, bronze potassium, gongdao cup, box bowl, tomb dragon, pounding pills, etc., these have not heard, have not seen the old objects are too many.
I also want to be able to do a detailed understanding one by one, and strive to be able to "know what is natural and why it is so", but time and energy are limited, and I can only pick some that I am interested in to talk about first. Of course, the information you consult yourself is mixed, or there are defects, which can only be used as some reading notes to share with you, if there are errors and omissions, please correct.
Gossip said so much, summer is in full swing, the heart is dry and hot, need some cool things, today I will first talk to you about the following small things to dispel the heat.
Bamboo noodles (replica) Eastern Zhou (770-256 BC) Original Excavated in 2007 from the Eastern Zhou Tomb of LiZhou'ao in Jing'an County, Jiangxi Province
Surrounded by a large number of stone tools, bronzes and pottery, such a bamboo product is still very prominent. I saw it at a glance, and then looked at the nameplate "Eastern Zhou (770-256 BC)", as a bamboo product of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, it can be preserved to this day, and let archaeologists copy it, which is not easy.
Looking at its style, the first thing I thought of was the fan, after all, there is a handle and a face, or bamboo, although the shape is a little strange, it looks like a kitchen knife, but it does not hinder my judgment at first glance. So is this "noodle" a fan in the end?
"The so-called 'convenient noodles' are held on to the screen, or avoided, or self-decorated. By its concealment. Get it. Hence the 'noodles' ear. ——"Kuang False Orthodoxy, Volume V", Tang Yan Shigu
"(Toilet noodles) So the barrier surface, the cover fan and so on also." If you do not want to see people, you will get your way by self-obstruction, so you will face it. Also on the screen. --Yan Shigu
From the Sui and Tang Dynasty historian Yan Shigu, it can be known that "noodles" can belong to the category of fans, but its focus is different, the main function of "noodles" is not to fan the wind and cool, but to cover, the focus is to block the face, that is, Yan Shigu said that "the obstacle face is convenient", by covering the face, to obtain some convenience.
So what exactly is the convenience? Maybe it's a bad look, makeup is not neat, you need to do some shade; maybe it's a special situation, it's inconvenient to greet acquaintances, or you just don't want to see someone, block a face euphemism; or maybe it's just because the sun is too poisonous, there is too much dust on the road, so as to shade the light and dust, and so on. All in all, highlighting the function of "easy to cover the face" is also the origin of the unique title of "convenient face".
"Noodles" are mainly popular in the Warring States to the Two Han Dynasties, also known as knife handle fan, household fan, single door fan, Jiuhua fan, etc., the first three other names are based on appearance, some like kitchen knives, some like half a wooden door, very image, the last title is derived from Cao Zhi's "Jiuhua Fan Fu", based on the gorgeous pattern on the fan surface and named.
"Xi Wuxianjun served often, and was fortunate to be Emperor Huan of Han." Emperor Zhifang bamboo fan, not square not round, which is written in the text, known as Jiuhua" - "Cao Zi Jianji · Jiuhua Fan Fu · Preface"
Gangneung Mashan No. 1 Chu Tomb excavated "noodles"
The shape of the noodles is very special, and Cao Zhi describes it in the "Jiuhua Fan Endowment" as "square should not be rectangular, the circle is not regular", which is neither a square rectangle nor a regular circle. This design does make me feel a little confused, but why is it designed this way, I have not found any clear statement for the time being, if there are friends who know, please let me know. Here are some of my guesses:
The face in the 94th edition of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms TV series
Easy to observe. Although the main function of the side surface is a "cover" word, but also to leave a little observation space, "trapezoidal bevel" style can be a large area of blocking the face at the same time, convenient through the space left by the bevel to observe the situation, too square, but will affect the field of vision. The style of "semi-circle", one is difficult to produce, there are many consumables, and the other is that there is no semi-oval to use to save effort, and it should be worse in practicality.
Easy fanning. The effect of the fan, the fan is still very important, and the fan wind ability of the toilet surface is not weak. In principle, I will give a not-so-appropriate example, just like when we do not have a fan, we pick up a piece of cardboard or a notebook to fan the wind to cool down, at this time the cardboard, the book is the fan, the forearm is the fan handle, shake the wrist, the effect is still very significant. Of course, the practicality is unquestionable, and occasionally on some barbecue stalls, you can see the figure of a fan similar to the noodles.
Eastern Han Dynasty portrait stone burning flesh slave with a portable fan fire map facsimile
It may be based on certain mythological stories, just like the "Jiuhua Fan Fu" described in "because of the shape is good, not often the ceremony", the shape of the fan is exquisite, the fan shape is not common. As a fan used by the gods, it is naturally different from the form of mortals, and with such an unusual style, it may also reflect some majesty. Of course, this speculation is a bit of a brain hole, and it is unlikely.
Western Jin Dynasty Celadon holding poop figurines
With the development of the times, craftsmanship and aesthetics, the shape of the noodle fan was gradually replaced by tuan fan, folding fan, pu fan, lupine fan, etc., but it did not disappear and gradually continued to exist in another identity.
After the folding fan became popular, the inscription and painting on the fan began to gradually become a pleasure among the literati, and when the interest was strong, it would also give poetry and words, and the author would often note "the title xxx on the side of the poem" on the poem title, and the noodle here is also the meaning of the fan. For example, Zhang Yi's "High Balcony , Titled Zhao Zhongmu as Chen Yeyun Jushi Landscape And Water Noodles", Qian Feizhong's "Butterfly Love Flowers , Inscribed With Self-Painted Wisteria Double Butterfly Noodles", Lu Shan's "Gurudwara Gate • Titled Yerba Buena Butterfly Noodles" and so on, are all examples of poems written for fans.
Ming Wenzhengming's Side-faced Landscape Map (Turquoise Map)
"It is the left and right of the ship, and there are only two sides, and there is nothing else outside the surface." Sitting in it, the lake on both sides of the lake, the mountain color temple, the floating tuyun smoke bamboo tree, and the woodcutters who come and go, the shepherds and drunk women, and even the people with horses into the noodles, make my natural pictures. ——"Idle Love Occasional Mail, Room Department, Window Railing No. 3" Qing Li Yu
The noodles mentioned here have changed their form again, turning into windows on the cabin, and strictly speaking, they are called panes. Li Yu's description is very elegant, with the movement of the boat, the scenery outside the window is also changing suddenly, sometimes the lake and mountains, sometimes the temple view floating tutu, sometimes the cloud smoke bamboo tree, sometimes the drunken wandering girl, step by step, into the painting. The noodles here are actually another form of fan, but this fan is not paper or silk, but a pure natural scene. The shape of this fan-shaped pane has also been extended to classical Chinese garden architecture, changing scenery step by step, borrowing scenery into the eye, which can add a lot of interest.
Interestingly, the earliest and best-preserved physical evidence of the excavated time in China is this ordinary bamboo noodle (replica) that I photographed at the Jiangxi Provincial Museum. It comes from the Eastern Zhou Tomb of Li Zhou'ao in Jing'an County, Jiangxi Province, and from January 6, 2007 to January 14, 2008, it took more than a year for this noodle fan to be seen again under the excavation and restoration of archaeologists.
Looking back at the small fan in the photo with a length of 37 cm, a fan width of 25 cm, and a fine bamboo fence, this small fan known as "the first fan in the world", I deeply felt its thick foundation and unique wisdom, and I could not help but feel proud, chinese cultural treasures, really everywhere.