Pre-Xia History Kong Sen #Pre-Xia History Research and Review ##Among the World##夏商周 #
A beautiful legend?
Zen renunciation is a way of handing over power, and it can also be said to be an institutional arrangement. It is said that in ancient China, from the Yellow Emperor to Dayu, the transfer of power was carried out through the way of Zen concessions, and it seems that a political system was formed, known in history as the Zen concession system.
At present, some people in the academic circles say that the Zen concession system may be the world's earliest democratic system, which epitomizes the political wisdom of the Chinese nation, but some people say that the so-called Zen concession was only a beautiful legend before Dayu, because there are only retrospective records but no empirical evidence, and after Dayu, the so-called Zen concession is actually the fact that the so-called Zen concession is actually a usurpation of power in the name of false Zen concession.
My opinion is that as for the beautiful cloak of Zen's later degeneration into a dirty usurpation and seizure of power, it was inevitable in the political environment of slavery and feudalism, but it was possible and even necessary in the Yao Shunyu era of "gong tianxia".
The scarcity of private property, the weak concept of private property, and the common severe challenges of survival, make it easy for tribal chiefs to have the idea of "the world is just", and then grow into ancient sages with broad hearts and noble moral character, which may produce a Zen system in the transfer of power.
Fan Wenlan said in the General History of China: "The YaoDian says that when Yao died, 'the people were like mourners', and it was possible for a good chief to be respected by such a society that was not coerced by coercion. He also said: "The YaoDian and other articles, probably the Zhou Dynasty historians collected rumors and formed a systematic record, of which the story of Zen letting the emperor take the throne, in the Zhou Dynasty, which has been implemented for a long time in the Zhou Dynasty, does not allow anyone to make this fantasy for no reason, and it is a historical fact left over from ancient times, which is generally credible." ＂
Han Feizi also talked about the objective reality of the ancient emperors "letting the Son of Heaven" and "passing on the world" in "Five Fools":
"The king of Yao is also the king of the world, Maoz is not in the woods, the rafters are not cut; the food of the rice dumplings, the soup of the Li Li; the winter chamois, the summer geyi; although the service of the prison gate is nourished, it is not lost." The king of Yu is also the king of the world, who is the first to be the people, has no flex, does not have hair on his shins, and although he works hard, he does not suffer from this. In other words, the one who let the Son of Heaven go to the prison gate is to go to the prison gate to raise, and the labor of the subjects is also passed down to the world and not enough. ＂
This means that the legendary ancient emperor who gave power to the world is actually very natural and common, and it is not worthy of too much praise, because he gave up power only to avoid the too heavy responsibility and suffering imposed on him. This is a bit of an overstatement, but it makes sense.
Therefore, I agree with Fan Wenlan's assertion that the Zen concession system is "generally credible". As for the empirical evidence for the absence of the Zen system so far, perhaps because it has not yet been found, or perhaps under the primitive conditions of no writing at that time, it is really difficult to imagine what can be called "empirical" that can exist and leave behind.
Therefore, with regard to the "Shang Shu" and other classics about whether Yao Shun Yu Chan Rang is a real thing or a so-called "beautiful legend", my attitude is "I would rather believe in its existence than judge nothingness." I think that for the ancient sages of our Chinese nation, all those who consider themselves to be descendants of Yan Huang should have a minimum of respect.
Mao Zedong was a shining example of an ancient sage who greatly revered the Chinese nation and considered himself his successor. He wrote in March 1937 in the "Tribute to the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum Text": "
Hehe Ancestor, Wuhua Zhaozao,
Yin Yan Qimian, Yue'e Hehao,
Wise and wise, the light is desolate,
Build this great cause, stand majestically in the East.
The vicissitudes of the world, the fall of the middle,
The more thousands of years, the stronger the neighbor.
Ryutai is not guarded, and the three Koreas are ruins,
Liaohai Yanji, Han traitors he many!
The enemy of the earth, the desire of the enemy,
Man holds a flogging rope, and I am a slave.
Yi Wei my ancestor, the hero of destiny,
Zhuo Lu fought, Ou Yu Yining.
Not of the Miao race, not as martial as the people,
A great power, let it fall?
The east is not talented, the sword is full of hard work,
Thousands of miles of ruggedness, for the service of the country.
Years of hard fighting, ready for adventure,
The Xiongnu have not perished, so why should they be at home?
All parties and all walks of life, united and strong,
Regardless of the military or the people, there is no distinction between rich and poor.
National Front, the best way to save the country.
Forty thousand people, resolutely resisted.
Democratic republic, reform of internal affairs,
If you have one heart, the battle will be won.
Return my rivers and mountains, defend our country's rights,
This thing and this will never be condemned.
After the reorganization of the army, the prophets were informed,
The truth is coming, the Emperor Tianhou Earth.
ShangYi. ”
The Yellow Emperor planted cypress by hand
"Tribute to the Yellow Emperor" is a list of mao zedong's leadership of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army before they "went to rongji" and after arriving in northern Shaanxi, they launched an attack on the Japanese Kou, embodying the spirit of the Communist Party of China and the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army in defending the territory and resisting the war, without hesitation, and winning the war, and it is not difficult to see Mao Zedong's heartfelt reverence for the ancient sages of the Chinese nation represented by the Yellow Emperor.
To be continued
The Story of the Emperor of The First Xia - Zen Rang (II) - A Tragic Story - Yao Zen Shun