Li Shangyin is a distant relative of the Tang Dynasty royal family, and he himself is proud of it, and Li Shangyin has set great ambitions since he was a child, especially after the reputation of the talented son spreads, he is more eager to make meritorious achievements and achieve a career. But Li Shangyin's life was unfortunate. He was deeply trapped in the quagmire of the late Tang Dynasty's "niu and li party struggle", and had relations with both sides, and neither side was reused, no matter which side gained power, Li Shangyin could only end up hurting himself and lamenting that he did not meet the fate.
In the fifth year of Kaicheng (840 AD), Li Shangyin's father-in-law Wang Maoyuan entered the dynasty as an official, and Li Shangyin took his family to Chang'an in the hope that he could be recommended by the emperor, but he was soon disappointed and could only resign from his post in Hongnong County and find another way, after Yang Ben's rebellion, Li Shangyin had to leave Chang'an and move elsewhere. One day, he saw a chrysanthemum blooming brightly, and he felt that he was in his own life, so he wrote a poem "Chrysanthemum" by entrusting The Words of the Relic, borrowing the chrysanthemum to refer to himself, full of the sense of life.
chrysanthemum Li Shangyin Dark and pale purple, melting and smelting yellow. Tao Ling hedge edge color, Luo Han house incense. When it is forbidden to be revealed again, it is really cowardly. May the golden parrot ascend to the white jade hall.
The poet begins to describe the external form of chrysanthemums, "dark and faint purple, melting and smelting yellow", the previous sentence writes purple chrysanthemum, dark, is to write the poet's intuitive feeling of purple chrysanthemum, light, is to write purple chrysanthemum color is light and not rich, the combination of overlapping words shows the elegant style of purple chrysanthemum; the latter sentence writes yellow chrysanthemum, but also uses two overlapping words to depict, melting, bringing warmth, smelting, is a feminine state, can see the elegance of huangju, different from purple chrysanthemum but also brings people infinite beauty. Li Shangyin's two sentences, although we did not see these chrysanthemums with our own eyes, we have already felt the beauty.
Three or four sentences use two famous allusions, the third sentence uses the Eastern Jin Dynasty Tao Yuanming's allusion, "Tao Ling hedge side color", Tao Ling, is the famous poet of the Eastern Jin Dynasty Tao Yuanming, Tao Yuanming once did Pengze County Order, he liked chrysanthemums the most among the hundred flowers, it was he who raised the chrysanthemums to a very high status, "picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely seeing the South Mountain", almost everyone knows the famous sentence, Li Shangyin here, that is, the chrysanthemums here are as beautiful as the chrysanthemums under the eastern fences of Tao Yuanming, which shows the beauty of the chrysanthemums here.
The fourth sentence uses Luo Han's allusions, focusing on the fragrance of chrysanthemums, "Luo Han is a jin dynasty person, very talented, Huan Wen valued his talents, but he returned home, planted a lot of orchids and chrysanthemums in his own hut courtyard, "the courtyard of the orchid chrysanthemums, thinking that the sense of virtue is yan", which shows its elegant style. Li Shangyin used tao yuanming and Luo Han's allusions to describe the "color" and "incense" of the chrysanthemums here, in addition to the vivid image, there seems to be an unspoken meaning of retreat, however, Li Shangyin is unwilling and contradictory, so in the last four sentences, he is full of nostalgia for the imperial court and his desire for meritorious service.
The fifth and sixth sentences say, "When is it forbidden to be exposed again, it is really cowardly", these two sentences describe the chrysanthemums at the same time, chrysanthemums bloom in autumn, autumn is cold and frosty, you can see the difficulties of the environment, but chrysanthemums are facing the wind and frost, not shy, with a unique arrogant character, that is, hardship, cold and desolate can not defeat the poet. However, the poet also said that although the chrysanthemum is hardy, it is not afraid of nothing, it is "really cowardly and cruel", it turns out that the chrysanthemum is worried about the sunset, the rush of spring and autumn, for the poet, it is the dreary of time, the poet is worried about the sadness of wasting years, ambition but not being able to exert it.
The last two sentences, even with the help of chrysanthemums, say the poet's own desire, "May the pan golden parrot, ascend the king white jade hall", pan, here is the meaning of soaking wine, the golden parrot is a kind of cast wine cup, the white jade hall is from the ancient Music House poetry, "gold for the king's gate, white jade for the juntang", more alluded to the imperial court, so the meaning of these two sentences, it is obvious, the poet is saying that the chrysanthemum wants to be soaked in the golden cup, for the court's dignitaries and nobles to chant, the implication is naturally that the poet wants to be appreciated by the imperial court and enter the court as an official.
Some people say that Li Shangyin's analogy is really a bit tacky, and he does not see Li Bai's pride in "the son of heaven calling for not to come to the ship" and "refusing to destroy the eyebrows and bend the waist of the magnate"? In fact, this is somewhat misunderstood Li Shangyin. Li Shangyin was quite talented, but he had never had a good time to enter the DPRK, he had great ambitions, and naturally had a sense of resignation that he did not meet with talent, so he would write such a poem that longed for fame.
However, this poem is still unique in art. The biggest feature of Li Shangyin's poem is the fusion of things and me, in addition to the first two sentences are written chrysanthemums, the next few sentences, sentences are writing chrysanthemums and writing themselves everywhere, blending in one, making people unable to distinguish between things and me, this is a masterpiece that can only be written by a master, this poem can also be called a model of Li Shangyin's material speech.