In 1926, Liu Zhidan, who graduated from the Whampoa Military Academy, came to Ningxia to carry out revolutionary work. The intelligence services of the Ningxia warlord Ma Hongkui soon listed Liu Zhidan as a dangerous person. However, Ma Hongkui did not arrest him, but instead invited him to the palace.
What did Ma Hongkui ask Liu Zhidan to do?
Originally, Ma Hongkui thought that Liu Zhidan was a member of the Communist Party and a highly qualified student at the Whampoa Military Academy, a rare talent, so he asked him to serve as the chief of staff of the army. The two also married Jinlan and became brothers. With the help of Liu Zhidan, Ma Hongkui carried out new training for the army, making this unit a powerful force with considerable combat effectiveness.
Later, Chiang Kai-shek launched the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup. Ma Hongkui was forced to "send Liu Zhidan out of the country as a courtesy."
We know that during that time, the whole country was persecuting Communists and progressive masses, and a few warlords were slightly more humane, that is, sending Communists away from their situation, which was called "courtesy out of the country." And Ma Hongkui's "gift" was really a gift - when Liu Zhidan left Ningxia, Ma Hongkui sent more than a dozen important materials, laying a material foundation for him to engage in the revolutionary movement in northern Shaanxi.
Ma Hongkui was born in 1892 in Hezhou, Gansu (present-day Linxia). Ma Hongkui was one of the famous "three horses" among the warlords in the northwest. He had joined the League and served in the prison of the Qing court. He followed Yuan Shikai, attached himself to Feng Yuxiang, and eventually defected to Chiang Kai-shek. From becoming chairman of Ningxia Province in 1933 to fleeing Ningxia in 1949, Ma Hongkui ruled Ningxia for 17 years. During this period, Ma Hongkui gathered military and political power in one body, and was known as the "Emperor of Tu" in Ningxia.
At the beginning of his tenure as chairman of Ningxia Province, Ma Hongkui took a posture of exerting himself and putting forward the two major administrative goals of "practicing the Three People's Principles" and "eliminating tobacco, poison, and banditry." However, what he was really interested in were three words: soldiers, power, and money. Ma Hongkui often said a sentence that organically wore these three words, that is, "If there are soldiers, they have the right, and if they have the right, they have money." ”
Therefore, Ma Hongkui's entire activities can be summed up as: "grabbing soldiers," "grasping power," and "scraping money."
For example, "arresting soldiers": During the War of Resistance Against Japan, Ma Hongkui took "three dings to draw one" and "five dings to draw two" as the standard, and recruited a large number of soldiers, such a high standard is rare in the country's large population provinces;
For example, "grasping power": Ma Hongkui has supreme power in Ningxia. Even Chiang Kai-shek could not get his hands on it. Once, Chiang Kai-shek symbolically sent a director of education to Ningxia, and Ma Hongkui did not give face at all, and drove away five education ministers sent by Chiang Kai-shek in a row. In the end, he arranged for a close associate Yang Zuorong to take office;
For example, "scraping money": Chiang Kai-shek explicitly prohibited local warlords from issuing paper money. Ma Hongkui did not care about this, he privately printed 3.45 million yuan of paper money in the Bank of Ningxia, and also forced the people to exchange the old currency in half for new coins, which was similar to robbery and accumulated a large amount of people's fat for Ma Hongkui. [Information extension: Chiang Kai-shek asked: Are you a disciple of the Whampoa Military Academy? He said no Jiang said you are now.
In 1949, as the People's Liberation Army approached the northwest, Ma Hongkui's rule in Ningxia collapsed. On October 14, Ma Hongkui followed Chiang Kai-shek's footsteps and flew to Taiwan with his wife and concubines and sons.
However, Ma Hongkui was greeted not by flowers, but by accusations. Taiwan's "Ministry of National Defense" Vice Minister Guo Jiyao and Ma Bufang's father and son accused Ma Hongkui of being responsible for the defeat in the northwest. Soon after, the Taiwan authorities issued a punishment for "removing him from his post and investigating the office." [Data Expansion: Chiang Kai-shek's favorite nationalist general followed Chiang To Taiwan but said darkly: We should not come]
Ma Hongkui was disheartened and decided to leave. He first sent his fourth aunt, Liu Muxia, to Hong Kong for "treatment," and soon reported that he was critically ill, and Ma Hongkui took a leave of absence to leave Taiwan for Hong Kong, and then "went to the United States for medical treatment, and then stayed in Los Angeles for a long time.
Ma Hongkui spent the second half of his life wandering in a foreign country, although there was no shortage of money and a rich life, but as he grew older, his longing for his hometown became deeper and deeper.
He often covered his face and wept in private, sighing: "I'm afraid I can't go back to the mainland in this life!" ”
The U.S. Immigration Department once persuaded Ma Hongkui to become a U.S. citizen. Ma Hongkui said to the family members around him: "You are not admitted to the United States; I was born as a Chinese, died as a Chinese ghost, and died to be buried in the land of the motherland." ”
On the night of January 14, 1970, Ma Hongkui died of illness in Los Angeles, USA, at the age of 78. Before dying, he repeated vaguely: "I will return to the mainland when I die..."
Soon, Ma Hongkui's body was escorted to Taiwan and buried in the Sanzhang Plough Muslim Cemetery in Taipei County.
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