Many people are like this, taking the meaning out of context, throwing out a sentence empty, and then adding a bunch of their own private goods, tampering with the meaning of the ancients, the original text of this sentence is "The loss of the world in the Yuan Dynasty is too wide." Former Qin lost to violence, and Han Xingji was lenient, and he was generous and fierce, in order to gain it. The present Yuan Dynasty lost its leniency, so it is fierce and fierce, and the leniency and fierceness are combined, but it is appropriate to do so. Someone in the "Imperial Sermon" held on to this sentence.
Portrait of Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang.
However, also in the "Imperial Sermon of the Emperor", Ma Yi said that "the Yuan lost the world to the wide" Zhu Yuanzhang retorted that "if you are generous, you will hear it, if you lose it with the wideness, you will not hear it, if you are anxious, you will be anxious, the string will be desperate, the people will be chaotic, and the way to the top is to use the width." Yuan Ji Junchen, delayed in Yile, followed to the fall, its loss is in relaxation, not wide also. In the way of the Holy King, it is wide and systematic, and it is not wide to discard; simplicity is modest, not to be simple and easy; if it is moderate, there is no harm. Obviously, the meaning expressed by Zhu Yuanzhang here is completely contrary to the modern people's understanding of the so-called "Yuan to be lenient and lose the world".
Officials of the Ming Dynasty.
Ma Yi said that "the Yuan Dynasty lost the world because of its relaxation" Zhu Yuanzhang retorted that "the yuan dynasty's monarchs coveted pleasure, which was personal indulgence and the abolition of the state, not the so-called relaxation of government decrees." From the perspective of later generations, Zhu Yuanzhang's words only pointed out one of the important points about the reasons for the demise of the Yuan Dynasty, but this point is very accurate, and the so-called "leniency" of the Yuan Dynasty is not "loose government decrees" but "indulgence" and then "abolition".
The Ming army destroyed the Yuan Dynasty.
I have written a similar article before, what the chaos between the nobles of the Yuan Dynasty, the endless rebellions, and the greed and shamelessness of the Officials of the Yuan Dynasty, I have written it before, I will not write it today, and today I will write a theme, that is, the society of the Yuan Dynasty. Since it was said earlier that the so-called "leniency" of the Yuan Dynasty refers to "indulgence and ruin", this feature is also reflected in the legal system of the Yuan Dynasty. The law, whose mission is to maintain the order of a society, once it falls into indulgence and desolation, then its consequences are conceivable.
One of the compilers of the "History of the Yuan", Song Lian, a famous minister in the early Ming Dynasty.
The Yuan Shi Penal Code I has the following evaluation of the legal system of the Yuan Dynasty: "The system of foreign and northern heterogeneous, the cumbersome types of affairs, the officials who coerce the situation, the grammaticalism, the entry and exit of the court, the use of slander for personal gain, and the number of fierce and lawless people who are cruel and lawless are pardoned and exempted; as for the Western monks who do Buddhist deeds or arbitrarily indulge in imprisonment, in order to sell their adultery, the good people are dumb and hateful, and the knowledgeable are sick." However, the criminal law of the Yuan, its gain is in benevolence, and its loss cares about slowing down and does not know how to prosecute. To sum it up in modern Chinese, the legal systems in the south (specifically referring to the former Southern Song Dynasty) and the north (referring to the original Jin dynasty and Mongolia) are different, cumbersome and unusable; corrupt officials and corrupt officials, who bend the law for personal gain; who are fierce and lawless; monks who are supported by the Yuan Dynasty government release prisoners without restraint (Zhongshu Zuo Xiang replied to Lahanyun: "When a monk has completed his Buddhist practice, he will be released from prison." Those who kill people and wives and concubines who kill their husbands are all named and interpreted. The living are spared, and the dead are wronged, so what is the blessing? Vulnerable groups have nowhere to seek justice.
Portrait of Emperor Yuanwuzong's sea mountain.
"Dou E'er Grievance" is the work of Guan Hanqing of the Yuan Dynasty, Dou E in order to give the mother-in-law a crime, only 20 years old to die at the scene of death, this tragedy has been passed down for eight or nine hundred years and is still popular today, the so-called art comes from life, but so, of course, the facts may be more terrifying, only yuan Chengzong Dade seven years to investigate and punish the corrupt officials fan 18,473 people, stolen 45,865 ingots, unjust cases 5,176 cases, more than 5100 unjust cases, what is this concept? Of course, it cannot be said that everything is Dou'e, but this level of governance can also be imagined.
Portrait of Yuan Chengzong's iron ear.
At the same time, the social atmosphere of the Yuan Dynasty fell sharply, and one by one women with heavy makeup but vicious and vicious jumped on the paper under the pen of the original miscellaneous drama author, such as "The Turban" Liu Pingyuan Liu Yuanwai's wife, who had an affair with the Taoist priest, and married the commoner Wang Xiao'er, and finally the incident occurred, and the adulterer and adulteress were executed; "Backyard Flower" Li Shun's wife (the era was Song, writing about Bao Zheng, but the era of its prototype did not need to be said to be Yuan); "Cool Pavilion" Zheng Kongmu (Song) concubine Xiao'e committed adultery with people and abused Zheng Kongmu's children, and was later killed by Zheng Kongmu. Zheng Song himself was assigned and later rescued by a friend of The Green Forest. An important reason for the deterioration of the social atmosphere is that the chaos and incompetence of the Yuan Dynasty government officials, officials, this kind of land snake occupies a very important position in the social governance of the Yuan Dynasty, probably the image of Song Jiang before the rebellion in the Water Margin.
Song Jiang in The New Water Margin.
This kind of small official, that is called an eight-sided exquisite, friends all over the world, doing things in the local area is definitely much stronger than those high-ranking Zhixian masters, but this kind of land snake, do you think you can be honest? That will certainly not be honest, then what is the whole society like, I think you should know very well in your hearts now, then do you still think that the Yuan Dynasty is a society that is lenient to the commoners? Zhu Yuanzhang spoke, "Yuan Ben Hu people, from the desert, once they have china, mixed with one sea." At the beginning of the founding of the country, the ministers of the auxiliary bows were all virtuous, and the people who entered and employed them were all gentlemen, which was considerable for politics. And later, villains have abused power, treacherous and evil have competed for advancement, used pro-old, formed friends, and are greedy and shameless. By the time the Fa is relaxed, the discipline is not vibrant. As for the collapse, the pawn is irredeemable. ”
The society in "Water Margin" itself is a microcosm of the end of the Yuan Dynasty
Under this level of bureaucracy, what about the low taxes of your Great Yuan Dynasty? What about freedom of speech? The operation mechanism of the whole society, its efficiency is also imaginable, and finally even at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, there was a spectacle of a civilian falsely preaching holy will and suddenly taking down a string of local officials. Slaughter is prohibited. Wu Chen, Fan Meng, a native of KaifengQi County, falsely transmitted the emperor's will, killed the government of Pingzhang, Henan Province, Yuelu Timur, Zuo Cheng, and Lian Visit, who made the finished person not spend, and so on, and he was arrested and punished. "Note that the rebel civilians falsely preached the Holy Will, and as a result, they killed several local officials, and this situation, which was almost a dream, actually appeared alive in the Yuan Dynasty."
The water power of the rebels at the end of the Yuan Dynasty was very strong.
Therefore, the Yuan Dynasty repaired the Yellow River to repair "one eye of the stone people, provoking the Yellow River to rebel!" It is not surprising that Zhu Yuanzhang lived in the last years of the Yuan Dynasty when he was a teenager, and personally experienced that "after being buried, the family was panicked, the brother was weak, the livelihood was not open, and the Sister-in-law Meng returned to his hometown with his childhood." When there is no rain, the locusts are soaring, the people are short of food, and the grass and trees are grain", he may think that the Yuan Dynasty is "lost because of generosity and benevolence?" "Unless he has Stockholm Syndrome in his old man's home, but he doesn't, so if someone today wants to use Lao Zhu's words to prove that the Yuan Dynasty was a great era, I am afraid it will be laughed at."