The most significant feature of the Eastern Jin Dynasty is that it was a unique "shareholding" dynasty in history, and later generations have a precise summary of such a structure: "X and Ma share the world". The first to appear was the Lang Evil Wang Clan, and among the brothers of the Wang family, Wang Dao and Wang Dun worked together to bring the family into its heyday. But the intimate relationship between the two brothers did not have a happy ending, and in the end, they met each other and you died.
The same out of the same discipline has very different personalities
Wang Dun and Wang Dao are from the same famous Langya Wang clan, the two are cousins, and Wang Dun is a brother.
When Wang Dao was a teenager, he had outstanding temperament, and was a well-dressed, weak-crowned, personable family son, who not only looked good, but also very talented, and had great ambitions. A famous scholar surnamed Zhang praised him: This appearance and grace will be the person who will be in the future."
Wang Dun's appearance is average, and Pan Tao, who has more beautiful men in the family, said after seeing Wang Dun when he was a teenager: Jun Bee's eyes have been exposed, but the jackal's voice has not been vibrated, if it does not eat people, it should also be devoured by people. The translation is that Wang Dunchang's eyes are big, white and black, and the lines at the corners of his eyes are very sharp; his voice is like a jackal. In the wei and Jin dynasty, when he looked at his face, Wang Dun's appearance really lost points.
In addition to the difference in appearance between Wang Dao and Wang Dun, their personalities are also very different. Wang Dao is reserved and introverted, and works steadily; Wang Dun was unruly, cruel and ruthless. The two brothers went to Wang Kai's house as guests, and the master ordered the maid to toast the guests, and if the guests did not drink, they would kill the toasting maids. Wang Dao couldn't bear it and tried his best to drink, but Wang Dun arrogantly ignored it, even if the three maids were killed because of it, he was indifferent. However, Wang Dun's personality also had a bold and free side, which was favored by Sima Yan, the emperor of the Jin Dynasty, who recruited him as a donkey and married his daughter Princess Xiangcheng to him.
In the Western Jin Dynasty, although Wang Dao had a talented name, he was not enthusiastic about his career, and was recruited by the imperial court to be promoted several times, but he did not go through the entry procedures and studied against him every day.
Wang Dun was different from Wang Dao, he was very eager for power, and at the beginning of his career, he showed a strong enterprising spirit, became a donkey, and served as a prince. In the first year of Yongning, he participated in the suppression of Sima Lun's rebellion, helped Emperor Hui of Jin ascend to the throne, and was promoted to the position of general of the Left Guard because of his merits. Therefore, at that time, Wang Dun's fame and strength were far above Wang Dao.
As descendants of the clan, their fate has always been closely related to the situation in the Western Jin Dynasty. After the establishment of the Western Jin Dynasty, within a few years of the Taiping Days, the princes of the Sima family fought fiercely, and Sima Yue, the king of the East China Sea, became the last to laugh at the "Rebellion of the Eight Kings", and after he took power, he co-opted the celebrities of the Shi clan and used their social status and practical strength to support their rule. Wang Yan, the patriarch of the Langya Wang clan, as the leader of the Shi clan, formed an alliance with Sima Yue and worked together to create the prototype of "the king and the horse share the world".
Wang Yan placed the sons of the family in various places to take power, his younger brother Wang Cheng was arranged to be the Assassin of Jingzhou, the brother of the clan Wang Dun was the Assassin of Qingzhou, Wang Dao and Sima Rui were small, and the relationship between the two had always been good, so they were arranged to follow Sima Rui, the King of Langya, to Xuzhou. Unexpectedly, in the layout of this "cunning rabbit three caves", the most unpromising Wang Dao finally succeeded.
Worked together to build the Eastern Jin Dynasty
After Wang Dao and Sima Rui stayed in Xuzhou for two years, in order to occupy Jiangdong and fill the power vacuum after Chen Min was destroyed, Sima Rui and Wang Dao were sent to Jiangdong by Sima Yue and Wang Yan to operate.
The two who had just arrived in Jiangdong had difficulty opening up the situation, and the Book of Jin said that after Sima Rui and Wang Dao arrived in Jiangdong, no one from the Jiangdong Shi clan went to take care of them for a month. Therefore, Sima Yue and Wang Yan sent Wang Dun, who was more prestigious and powerful, to Jiangdong to serve as the Assassin of Yangzhou. Wang Dao had political talent, while Wang Dun had strong military talent, and he worked together to help Sima Rui.
The relationship between Wang Dun and Sima Rui is not as deep as that of Wang Dao. Wang Dao had great respect for Sima Rui, but Wang Dun had contempt for Sima Rui. Because Sima Rui's strength was too weak, first of all, Sima Rui was not from the imperial Sima clan, but from the branch of the King of Langya. Under normal circumstances, he had no chance to become emperor at all, and he was sent to Jiangdong only because he followed Sima Yue. On the other hand, personal charm is not good, and the Book of Jin says that Sima Rui "is full of virtue of courtesy and frugality, but the amount of martial arts is insufficient." "Personal integrity is certainly commendable, but as an emperor, the heroism is far from enough.
But in the chaotic world, if you want to gain a firm foothold in Jiangdong, you must stand together and fight together. In order to help Sima Rui open up the situation, Wang Dao plotted with Wang Dun and directed a grand travel scene for Sima Rui, accompanied by two brothers personally, which shocked He Xun and Gu Rong and other Jiangdong shi clans.
After that, Wang Dao began to try his best to envelop the Jiangdong Shi clan, and the Jiangdong mingshi were successively summoned to Sima Rui's Zhendong General's Mansion, and the two sides began to cooperate. After the Yongjia Rebellion, Wang Dao persuaded Sima Rui to timely relieve the northern warriors who had taken refuge in Jiangnan, and absorbed all the famous people among them into the palace, gaining the support of the northern warriors.
While Wang Dao was in the middle of Jiankang's coordination, Wang Dun led his troops on a campaign to pacify the disobedient forces on all sides. When Sima Rui first arrived, his foundation was unstable, and there were not a few who opposed him. At that time, the Jiangzhou Assassin History stood up against him, Sima Rui sent Wang Dun to attack him, and other large and small turmoil were also brought by Wang Dun to calm down, although the process was unsuccessful, but the overall merit was greater than the excess.
At this stage, in order to make Jiangdong the future foundation of the family, the two brothers worked together with the same goal, and Wang Dun also maintained a cooperative attitude towards Sima Rui.
In 316 AD, Chang'an fell, the Jin Emperor surrendered, and the Western Jin Dynasty building fell. Everyone urged Sima Rui to take the throne, but Wang Dun, who had a heavy army, did not have a positive attitude, he was worried that Sima Rui was old and difficult to control, and wanted to discuss what he wanted to do, but Wang Dao did not follow. Two years later, Sima Yi, the Emperor of Jin, was killed, and the news reached Jiankang, and Sima Rui eventually claimed the title of emperor. For the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Wang brothers were the founders of the general existence.
After Sima Rui ascended the throne, in order to thank Wang Dao and the Wang Dun brothers for their vigorous support, he paid special respect to them. He put Wang Dao in charge of the power of the dynasty, Wang Dun in charge of the military, and the Wang clan of Langya supported most of the eastern Jin Dynasty. This has led to the saying that "the king and the horse share the world", and the political model of the door valve of the family and the imperial power jointly ruling has since formed.
However, as the situation in the Eastern Jin Dynasty gradually stabilized, the relationship between the two was no longer as close as it was in the early days, and began to go down different paths.
Brotherhood is not the same
Wang Dun is a haojie, but not a politician, and Wang Dao is the opposite of him.
Wang Dao was the chief regent of the dynasty, but he was not proud of his achievements, and he always treated Sima Rui with respect. For the Jiangdong Shi clan, he implemented a policy of co-optation, and as the top shi clan in the Central Plains, he was able to deliberately learn to speak the Wu dialect. In the context of the time, the latter was just an unethical slang term. Wang Dao also formulated a national policy for the Eastern Jin Dynasty of "quiet government, appeasement of the old and new", giving the scholar clan room for development and maintaining a balance with the imperial power. As for the control of the DPRK situation, it is necessary to emphasize "refinement" and "harmony."
Wang Dun held Jiangyang, Jingxiang, and Guangdong six prefectures in his hands, grasped the military and government in his own territory, appointed officials himself, and did not pay attention to Sima Rui, such a strong style naturally caused Sima Rui's dissatisfaction.
Sima Rui was not willing to be a puppet emperor, and he wanted to gradually weaken the power of the Wang clan, to be precise, in order to strengthen the imperial power and weaken the power of the entire Mengwang clan.
Sima Rui began to reuse his own cronies, appointing Diao Xie, who advocated suppressing the powerful and strengthening the centralization of power, as Shang Shu Ling and Liu Kui as a servant to divide the power of the king.com. In order to deal with Wang Dun, Liu Kui also suggested that Sima Rui appoint Sima Chengdu (司馬承都) the Prince of Zongfu to oversee Xiang Prefecture (湘州) and Dai Yuan (戴元都) to oversee Yu Prefecture (豫州). Sima Rui also made Liu Kui the general of Zhenbei and led 10,000 troops to guard Huaiyin. The three of them each took sides to contain Wang Dun in Jingzhou. At the same time, Sima Rui also extended his hand into the territory of other clans, "to exempt the good people of Zhongzhou from suffering as servants of the counties of Yangzhou, in preparation for conscription." Shang Shu ordered Diao Xie's plot to be resented by the public. ”
Sima Rui's move angered Wang Dun, who was already dissatisfied with him. In the first year of Yongchang (322), Wang Dun sent troops to Jiankang under the name of "Qing Junfang". For Wang Dun's act of resistance, Wang Dao actually agreed. The world of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was the common world of the rich and nobles, it was by no means the private property of the emperor, and Sima Rui tried to strengthen the imperial power and pushed the clan door valve to Wang Dun's side.
The attitude of the Nandu clan was ambiguous, and Zhou Zha of the Jiangdong Shi clan surrendered without a fight when Wang Dun attacked Shicheng, Wang Dun was able to drive straight in, Diao Xie was killed, and Liu Kui defected to Hou Zhao when he saw that the situation was not good, leaving sima Rui alone. After this battle, Sima Rui's power was completely sidelined.
After Wang Dun took power, he carried out a series of actions, eliminating dissidents, arranging for his cronies to control various places, and also having Wang Dao re-serve as Shang Shuling, Wang Han as the general of Zhengdong and the governor of Yangzhou and Jiangxi, from his brother Wang Shu to Jingzhou Thorn History, Wang Bin to Jiangzhou Thorn History, Wang Wei to Xuzhou Thorn History, and the power of the Langya Wang clan reached the peak of history. However, when he wanted to go further, Wang Dao expressed his opposition, and the rest of the family clan did not support it.
Wang Dao has a clear understanding of the current situation, only the Sima clan has the ability to call on the world, integrate resources and forces, if you abandon the royal family and establish a new dynasty, not only will it be met with the unanimous opposition of the southern and northern warriors and civilians, but also within the balanced ruling group, once this balance is lost, it means the advent of civil unrest. Therefore, only by serving sima as Zhengshuo is the best choice for the clan to protect the life of the whole family and further expand its wealth.
The clans also recognized the Eastern Jin Dynasty they had jointly elected, and although they were dissatisfied with Sima Rui's policies, they did not want to directly oust the emperor and reshuffle the cards.
Wang Dun was helpless, so he returned to Wuchang with his troops and continued to remotely control the government.
The two brothers parted ways completely
Within a year, Sima Rui, the Emperor of Jin Yuan, died in fear, and Sima Shao, the Emperor of Jin Ming, succeeded him.
At the beginning of the second year of Taining (324), Wang Dun fell seriously ill, and the people below encouraged him to raise an army to depose the emperor and change the dynasty before his death.
To tell the truth, Wang Dun has not had a particularly clear understanding of the win-win pattern of "King and Horse", the timing of this rebellion is not accurate, and for the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Wang clan is far from being integrated. He himself was seriously ill and impatient at this time, and the Wang clan might have been able to find the zen dynasty in a few generations later with the infiltration of the eastern Jin Dynasty.
Wang Dun also obviously overestimated his own strength this time, and did not understand the hearts and minds of the people, this time the clan was on the side of the Jin Ming Emperor.
After Sima Shao ascended to the throne, he learned the lessons of his father Sima Rui, coordinated his relationship with the Shi clan, and reused the Northern Shi clan in Nandu, so they could not support it. After Wang Dun's first rebellion came to power, he was good at government and wantonly expanded the power of the Wang clan, which also caused them to be dissatisfied with the wang clan, which was the only one.
Wang Dao also had a sober judgment on this, the nature of this uprising was different from the last time, the imperial power was no longer enough to threaten the Wang family, and he opposed Wang Dun's move. Moreover, if Wang Dun usurped the Jin Dynasty, it was bound to cause greater turmoil, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty was unstable, and eventually it would only cheapen the Later Zhao Shile or Former Yan in the north.
On the side of the Jiangdong clan, Wang Dun made a stinky move, and under the flicker of the Wu Xinghao clan, he carried out a sneak attack to wipe out the old clan of the Zhou clan, and this time the other clans in Jiangdong stood against Wang Dun.
Then the Jianghuai Exile Army also joined the side of the Jin Ming Emperor, which became the main force in quelling the chaos later.
In this way, the two brothers parted ways, and the wang dun rebellion, which was doomed to failure, broke out violently.
After the war, Wang Dao publicly mourned Wang Dun in Jiankang, boosting morale and drawing a clear line with Wang Dun. Wang Dao's approach fully illustrates the true mentality of the family family, that is, everything must be put in the interests of the family first.
The two sides engaged each other in a short battle, and Wang Dun's men were defeated and retreated this time, and they could not form an army. When Wang Dun heard the news, he was furious and cried out for his life. With the death of Wang Dun, the rest of the people who followed him were defeated, and the interest groups led by Sima Shao won the victory.
After the Wang Dun Rebellion, Wang Dao, as the representative of the clan and the stable backbone of the imperial court, although his power was weakened, he still existed, but he was no longer a monopoly and needed to compete with the new upstarts, and the situation of co-governance between the Eastern Jin Dynasty gate valve and the imperial power has been continued.
Finally the Historian says:
Wang Dun's first entry into Jiankang was the acquiescence of the shijia clan, as Sima Rui was trying to strengthen imperial power. However, the second attempt to attack health was boycotted by the clan of the family, and he himself fell ill and died, even if he did not die, it was difficult to succeed, and Wang Dun had no basis for usurping the throne.
The fundamental reason for the division and union of Wang Dao and Wang Dun is still whether it is beneficial to the family, and what happens in the Six Dynasties is only a private plan.