Xi Jian and Wang Dao

(1) The combination of the Xi and Wang families

When Xi Jian was in the north, he was persuaded by the King of the East Sea, Yue, and later, he was commissioned by the Lang Evil King Rui. Although his relationship with Wang Yue of the East Sea and Wang Rui of Lang was not deep, it had a direct impact on his Lamphun. In addition to his loyalty to Emperor Yuan and Emperor Ming, Xi Jian crossed the river and lived up to his old friendship, and he also made deep friendships with the descendants of the former lord Jiang Tong and tried his best to promote them. Xi Jian Xianda (郗鉴顯達), the son of Peijiang Tong (開江統子虨) was Sikong Tuan (司空掾), and he was also asked to be Sima (司馬); the second son of Xi Jian (檄統) was made The Second Son of Yan prefecture (兖州治中), and the second son of Qi(檄統) was made The Governor of Yanzhou (兖州治中), and the second son of Qi(檄統) was appointed as The Governor of Yanzhou (兖州治中). Jiang Xi also co-recommended Xi Jianzi (郗鉴子愔) with Sima Yu (司馬昱), the prince of the auxiliary government. Xi Jian also tried to contact the door valve clan in the center.

Xi Jian came south and quickly entered the Jiankang Court as a displaced man, mainly thanks to Ji Zhan. Book of Jin, vol. 68, Ji Zhan Biography: "Shi Xijian was repeatedly invaded by Shi Le and others according to Zou Shan. Zhan Yijian had the talent of the general, fearing that the imperial court would abandon it and not sympathize, and asked him to requisition it, saying: '... Fushimi's former auxiliary generals were all young and high-minded, with a clear physique, a strategy of literature and martial arts, and a good job of the times. In the past, he and Dai Ruosi were in the same place, pushing the wasteland, where they were isolated, there was no brigade, and rescue could not be reached. However, he was able to collect the remnants, and according to the adventures, he made the fierce Kou dare not invade the south. But the soldiers are too few to make a contribution. If he is a state with the same name as a prefecture and a constant uncle, if he makes Jian Jian calmly and orders from the inner king, he will be able to resist the rules of the straight and make up for the lack of office. Since the first dynasty, the use of all the teachings has been proportional. Dai Ruosi made Shangshu the governor of the six prefectures and the general of Zhengxi, and fujia Changshi; Liu Kui town north, Chen Xiao town east. When the year is judged, it is the same as Ruosi, and if it is capitalized, it has eight seats. The condition of Ya Wang Qing heavy, a generation of famous instruments. The holy pilgrimage and even the public came to the world, but the peace was with. Ji Zhan li recommended Xi Jian to "fill the vacancy of the post", and his political intention was to hope that Xi Jian would side with Emperor Yuan of Jin and resist Wang Dun when Wang Dun's rebellion was imminent. At that time, Dai Yuan was stationed in Hefei as the governor of the six prefectures, and Liu Kui, who was stationed in Huaiyin, was also relied upon by the Jin Yuan Emperor. The following year, Dai Yuan was ordered from Hefei to enter Wei Jiankang, and the army he led collapsed at a touch, and Dai Yuan was also killed by Wang Dun. Then, Xi Jian was recruited from the south of Yishan, and the troops he led were stationed in Hefei, where Dai Yuan had just evacuated, filling the vacancy left by Dai Yuan, and Xi Jian himself paid homage to Shangshu to enter the official Jiankang. These should be directly related to Ji Zhan's recommendation. Although Xi Jian sometimes hopes, it is impossible to enter the official Jiankang as a displaced man and be a handsome man, and it is impossible if he is not invoked by a powerful figure.

Xi Jian went into Jiankang alone, and there are still places worth analyzing. Hefei was a military stronghold at that time, and It was not suitable for the displaced marshal to settle in. Xi Jian first worshiped the leading general in "Yongchang Chu, and when he arrived, he turned to Shangshu and did not worship with illness." "The leader in charge of the task of guarding is not suitable for the distant exile Shuai Xi Jian to lead." Therefore, as soon as Xi Jian arrived in Jiankang, he had to worship Shang Shu, and Xi Jian would not fail to understand the inside story, so he "did not worship with illness." It was only when Wang Dun was pressed that Emperor Ming really had the request to use Xi Jian's forces as foreign aid, so he was given a gift to Xi Jian's fake festival town of Hefei, and Xi Jian had the opportunity to return to Hefei, the garrison of the displaced people he commanded. However, Wang Dun was unwilling to accept this unfavorable fact, and the above table cited Xi Jian's return to Jiankang as a Shang Shu Order. From this point of view, Xi Jiannan had to enter the upper group of the Eastern Jin Dynasty after coming to the south, although the broker recommended and introduced, after all, there was still this looming tortuous process. The key point is that from the imperial court, Xi Jian can be used for his own purposes, but after all, he is a fugitive marshal, and he must be careful and cautious and take precautions; from Du Jian himself, although he can help the imperial court in the Wang Dun Rebellion, he cannot break away from the Yanzhou displaced people who came with him south, otherwise he will lose his capital and achieve nothing.

Ji Zhan was the crown of nanshi, and he made a great contribution and great influence on Sima Rui, the king of Lang, who was based on Jiankang and inherited the throne. In order to cope with Wang Dun's rebellion, the imperial court took Ji Zhan as the leading general. He had the highest prestige among the Six Armies of Su Wei, and the Sixth Army respected him. According to the "Notes on The Living of the Jin Dynasty", quoted in volume 64 of the "Beitang Shuqian", the Jin system: "The leader is idle and straight, and can calmly recuperate from the disease." "At that time, Ji Zhan was old and ill, and the imperial court took him as the leader, intending to rely on his prestige and gain his leisure. Wang Dun pressed against Kyoto, and Emperor Ming asked him to "protect the Sixth Army". However, Xi Jianshi had the order of the governor to drive the military forces, and the rest of the Sixth Army of Su Wei, except for the known protectors Ying Zhan and Zuo Wei Yuliang, should be in the army of the commanders. However, the Sixth Army was weak and weak, and the real role was the displaced marshal who had been aided by Xi Jian's conspiracy. Ji Zhan's recommendation of Xi Jian played an immediate role.

Xi Jian came to the south and Wang Dun rebelled again, and the political situation was very delicate. It turned out that Wang Dun's initial rebellion was to enter Jiankang under the tacit understanding of the ruling Wang Dao, and its direct purpose was to qing junfang, the so-called junfang, indicating that liu kui, Diao Xie, Dai Yuan and a number of enemies of the Wang family were identified. Book 98 of the Book of Jin, "The Biography of Wang Dun", contains the book of Wang Dao's widow Wang Han, and there are clouds: "In the past years, the courtiers were chaotic, and the people were restless, like the guides, and the mind was out of mind. This is Wang Dao's explicit acknowledgement that Ben is complicit with Wang Dun. According to the Book of Jin, vol. 69, "Biography of Zhou", Wang Dunchu rebelled into Beijing and killed Zhou and Dai Yuan, both of whom consulted Wang Dao. Wang Dao later said, "Although I did not kill Bo Ren (Zhou), Bo Ren died by me, and in the darkness, I bore this good friend!" "In fact, the deceased who was directed by Wang was not only Zhou, but also Dai Yuan. Later, Wang Dun rebelled again, and told Wang Han that wang Han was also Wang Dao with military information in Taichung. In the guide's suicide note, one said: "Dezheng Bei (Wang Jie, Wang Daocong's brother) sued Liu Li, Tao Zhan, Su Jun, and others were deeply worried and did not conspire with each other"; the other said: "The six armies of the guide are unified, with 15,000 stones, 20,000 people in the palace houyuan, and 6,000 people in the guard army (Ying Zhan) Tunjin City." Liu Wei has arrived, and zhengbei has already gathered 15,000 people in the river yesterday. "Wang Dao, who was in a joint with Wang Dun and Wang Han, was ordered by Emperor Ming to recruit Wang Dun, Wang Han's governor, and fake festival. This is where the delicate situation lies when Wang Dun rebelled again. The Sixth Army commanded by Wang Dao, the Su wei Sixth Army of Ji Zhan's "lying guard", can be seen that Wang Dao also has some kind of force that can affect the situation in the Beijing Division. And some of Wang Dao's six armies were exactly what Emperor Ming wanted to put under the military command of Xi Jiandu. It can be seen that there is also a delicate relationship between Xi Jian and Wang Dao.

In fact, Xi Jian was able to come from the south of Mount Yi, and Wang Dao had played a role. According to the "Biography of Ji Zhan", we know that Ji Zhan added at the end of the recommendation of Xi Jianshu: "It is the courtiers who sleep in the dark alleys, think and smell, but open the holy heart, and guide the courtiers, hoping to have one in ten thousandths." That is to say, Xi Jian's Zhongnanlai and Zheng Xi Jian's entry into the dynasty also needed the approval of Wang Dao, otherwise they would not be accepted by the imperial court.

The delicate relationship and the sharp situation required Xi Jian, who had recently come to the south, to determine his own political attitude, especially to the Lang evil Wang clan.

Judging from Xi Jian's later actions, his political attitude was first of all to support the Eastern Jin Dynasty and not to approve of Wang Dun's monarchless heart. When Xi Jian entered the dynasty from Hefei, Wang Dun intercepted him from his sister-in-law, and talked to the Chinese and Korean figures Le Guang and Man Fen. When Xi Jianli said that when the emperor was deposed and King Lun of Zhao was usurped, Leguang was in danger and could not be close, soft and righteous; while Man Fen was a man out of control and could not speak with Leguang on the same day. This is tantamount to showing Wang Dun that he does not want the party to be the same as Wang Dun. Secondly, Xi Jian did not have the same party as Dai Yuan's generation to make enemies with the Lang Evil Wang Clan, preferring to break between the various portals of the Shi Clan in order to seek stability in the political situation. Later, he resigned from the wei general's military title, reflecting his humble position of not wanting to override the warrior clan. If they do not agree with one side, they will inevitably contradict each other from time to time and from the other. After Wang Dun's chaos was pacified, this contradiction was once sharp on the question of whether to posthumously give Zhou Zha.

Yixing Zhou clan is famous as the "Hao of Jiangdong". Wang Dun rebelled, and Zhou Zadu oversaw the shi military forces, opening the door to Dun, and causing the Jin army to be defeated. Wang Dun, out of suspicion, exterminated the Zhou clan. Wang Dun Shiping, a former official of the Zhou clan, sued for the injustice of the Zhou clan, and asked for a posthumous gift, which caused a fierce controversy in the imperial court, and his opinions can be found in the "Book of Jin" volume 58 Zhou Zha and volume 67 Xi Jian Zhuan. Bian Ju opened the door to extend the enemy, and it is not appropriate to pursue it. Wang Dao believed that "Zha Kai Stone, Faithful Society, Righteousness in Forgetting Life", like Wang Wuji, Zhou Yuan, Dai Yuan and other deceased ministers, is in line with the festival of human subjects, and should be given a retrospective example, and should not be favored or favored. Obviously, Wang Dao was protecting Wang Dun.

They all agreed with Bian Ju and confronted Wang Dao. He said, "If the former's deeds are the same as Huan and Wen, then the former emperor can be a ghost and a powerful evil!" "Because of the weight of the Wang clan, the imperial court actually followed the guide, but Bian and Xi Zhi could not discuss it. This sharp controversy shows that the relationship between Xi Jian and Wang Dao was not harmonious at that time, although this was not the key to the political situation at that time.

The political situation in the Eastern Jin Dynasty changed after Emperor Cheng ascended the throne (Taining III, 325). Emperor Cheng Chongyou, Wang Dao, Bian Hu, Xi Jian, Yu Liang and seven others were also assisted by Emperor Ming's will. Subsequently, Empress Yu (Yu Liangmei, Empress Dowager Cheng) came to the throne, Yu Liang was honored by the emperor's uncle, and his status rose rapidly, and the major political leaders were all determined by Liang. The court immediately appeared in the open and secret struggle between Yu Liang and Wang Dao, which became the main contradiction in the political situation. In the midst of this contradiction, Dujian strives to suppress the development of the contradiction and play a role in stabilizing the situation.

The Yu and Wang families had many common interests in the early days of Emperor Yuan and Emperor Ming, and the contradictions were not obvious. Before Emperor Yuan crossed the river, he used shen and Han to mean Zhang imperial power. Book of Jin, vol. 49, Biography of Ruan Fu: Fu "Crossed the river, Emperor Yuan thought that Andong joined the army. ...... Emperor Shi used Both Shen and Han to save the world, but Fu's disciples failed to abandon it. Emperor Yuan was a general of Andong, from July to May of the first year of Yongjia (307-311). According to the Yuan Emperor's Chronicle, at that time, "Wang Dun, Wang Dao, Zhou,Diao Xie and the heart of the heart were also fesculent", so "using Shen and Han" was not specifically aimed at the Lang evil Wang clan. Book of Jin, vol. 73, "The Biography of Yu Liang": "Emperor Shi [Yuan] served as a criminal law and gave the crown prince the title of HanZi. Liang Zhi shen and Han were mean and hurtful, and it was not enough to keep the sacred heart. The prince is very much in his charge. At that time, when it was already in Jianwu and Taixing, the Wang clan sat on the throne, and the Yu clan had this advice, which showed that wang and Yu were still at peace. Later, Wang Dun intended to call himself a soldier, deeply jealous of Yu Liang and admired by the outside world, Yu Liang was worried about going to the official, and Hefu participated in the suppression of the chaos. Despite this, there was no special conflict between Yu Liang and Wang Dao.

Emperor Ming experienced the violent shock of Wang Dun's rebellion, and was more wary of the Wang family, and his intention to pro-Yu Liang and neglect Wang Dao became more and more obvious. Volume 593 of the Taiping Imperial Records quotes the Yulin: "Emperor Ming wrote to seal the edict and the Duke of Yu, and the letter was mistakenly sent to the prince." The king issued a public edict, and the last cloud said: 'Do not let Yecheng be known'. The guide sees both and replies: "Reading the edict, it seems that he is not in the subject, and the subject is open and closed, and there is no one who has seen." The Ming Emperor was so ashamed that he could not see the prince for several days. Pei Qi's "Yulin" was written only forty years after the Ming Emperor, and the palms contained there are many credible reasons. Even if the plot is contrary, it should be used as a reflection of the perception of the relationship between the king and the yu at that time. Emperor Ming reigned as an adult, "subtly plotting and making decisions" ("Ming Emperor's Chronicle"), although he was favored by Yu yu and not indulgent, Yu and Wang did not yet have a political climate for open dumping.

When it came to becoming emperor, the mother and queen were called the system, and the Yu clan sat up, and the situation was different. Book 73 of the Book of Jin, "The Biography of Yu Liang", Shi Chen said: "The teeth are hanging down, and the emperor is deeper than the negative." Book of Jin, vol. 32, "The Biography of the Later Concubines" (Part 2), praises: "Emperor Wei of Zhizhi". Volume 13 of the Case "Chronicle of Sleepy Learning" quotes Yin Yun's "Novel": "Zhu Yu cursed Emperor Nandun, and the emperor asked, 'Where is Nanton?'" "The party [Su] has been accused of being a thief." The emperor knows that the party is not the party, and he says: "If the uncle is a thief, why should he be fuyun?" Yu Hou hit The Emperor Touyun with a tooth ruler: "Why is the son of Er? The emperor was speechless, but his eyes were open. "The Chronicle of The Emperor Cheng" records that this matter is slightly the same, but it does not say a word and nods its head. King Nanton was killed in October of the first year of Xianhe (326), when Emperor Cheng was six years old. Although Yu Hou died in March of the third year, the Yu brothers were already in power, and their sharp edge, in addition to the suppression of the clan, was mainly aimed at the entangled Wang Dao. Therefore, after Emperor Cheng ascended the throne, Yu and Wang Qianyi immediately became public.

Among the seven people who were originally entrusted with the edict to take care of the government, Bian Hu was loyal and direct, and yu Liang was directly involved in the province. The first person to restrain Wang Dao, who was the scribe of Situ Lu Shang, was Bian Ju. Book of Jin, vol. 70, "Biography of Bian Hu" Yun: "[Ming] Emperor Collapse, Emperor Cheng takes the throne, and the group of subjects enter the seal." Situ Wang was unable to reach the disease. The pot is in the court: 'Is the prince of the society a minister?' The great line is in the funeral, the heir is not established, rather than the time when the people resign? 'It is the cause of public opinion that has come. ”

"The Biography of Bian Hu" also yun: "It was when the king said that he was not in a hurry, and privately sent a car to ride the general Du Jian." The pot is played to guide the law of loss to private, there is no minister's festival; in the imperial history, zhongzhong Ya'a scratch the king's code, no criterion is added, and please dismiss the official. Although it is not possible to sleep, it is shaken. Bian Hu's charge of the king's captivity is a step further than the rebuke quoted above as "the minister of the society". Volume 59 of the Case "Beitang Shuqian" quotes the "Book of Jin Zhongxing": "Bian Ju is a Shang Shu Ling, and the Wang Guide is disrespectful to the officials. "The Book of Beginners" vol. 11 and the Taiping Imperial Records vol. 201 cite the Book of Jin Zhongxing, and "Juguan No Respect" are both "full-time and disrespectful". "No respect", the so-called "disrespect" of the jin law. Book of Jin, vol. 30, "Criminal Law Chronicle", Zhang Fei notes on the law: "The abolition of etiquette is called disrespect." Bian Hu privately sent Xi Jianshi to play Wang Dao's "delinquency and selfishness, no minister's festival" in the name of "disrespecting the law and following the festival of ministers", which coincided with the Jin Law's use of "disrespect and abolition of the festival" as "no respect" and "disrespect", and his crime could be dismissed from office.

Bian Hu twice blamed Wang Dao, whether this matter has anything to do with Xia Liang, the history has no clear evidence. However, when the contradiction between Yu and Wang breeds, Bian Hu made this performance, which was undoubtedly beneficial to Yu Liang. It is worth noting that after Wang Dao was attacked by Bian Ju before, he still disregarded the suspicion and privately sent Xi Jian to Xuzhou to make Bian Hu feel convinced. This is enough to prove that since Yu Liang's use of the matter, the two families of Wang Dao and Xi Jian have begun to have a close relationship, and this close relationship is of course aimed at the Yu clan's dictatorship. In order to maintain its family power after the Wang Dun Rebellion, the Lang evil wang clan must seek support among powerful courtiers. The continued political existence of the Lang evil Wang clan was a necessary condition for restraining the Yu clan's arbitrariness and stabilizing the political situation in the Eastern Jin Dynasty at that time. Xi Jian supported Wang Dao, and Wang Dao connected with Xi Jian, and his background was like this.

Mutual support between families, marriage and eunuchs are important ways. Eunuch refers to the promotion of careers, such as the Ming Emperor's wang guide as Situ, and Xi Jianzi Xi Tan. Marriage refers to mutual marriage to consolidate each other, such as two generations of the Wang clan marrying xi women. "Shishu Xinyu Yaliang": "Xi Taifu was in Jingkou, and sent protégés and Wang Chengxiang to ask for a son-in-law. Xiang Xiang said, "The emperor of faith will choose it at will to the east chamber." Xi Jian selected Wang Dao's nephew Wang Xizhi to marry his daughter and Yan. The Xi and Wang clans were good friends, so the Xi clan asked for a son-in-law, first selecting the Lang evil Wang clan, and then visiting it within the scope of this family. That is to say, marriage is first a family, and then a person. Xi and Wang Tong's families, the children of the children are very close friends. The "Biography of Xi Xi" is in Linhai, "with his brother-in-law Wang Xizhi and Gao Shi Xu Gong (inquiry) and have the wind of the world, they all inhabit the valley of the valley, and cultivate the art of yellow and old". Wang Xizhi Lanting Xiu Yu Zhongxiang and the poet Have Xi Tan, the poem see Feng Weine's "Poetry Record" volume 33. Wang Xizhi's "Miscellaneous Theses", many of which are related to Xi's books, can be found in the "Essential Records of the Book of Law". There are many calligraphic relics of Wang Xizhi in Xi Tan's tomb, see Chen Shu • Biography of King Bomao of Sixing.

The marriage between Xi and Wang on the grounds that their political interests were similar occurred under certain conditions when they became emperors. With the passage of time, although the relationship between the in-laws and the wife still exists, the families have gradually become estranged, and even the gap has emerged. "Xianyuan xianyuan of the new language of the world": "Lady Xi of the Right Army of Wang said that the second brother Sikong (愔) and Zhonglang (昙) said: 'The Wang family saw the second Xie (Xie An, Xie Wan), poured the basket, saw Ru Generation Lai, Ping Ping'er. Ru can not be bothered to go back and forth. At this time, the Chen Jun's Xie clan was thriving, so Lady Xi had this saying. Despite this, Xi Tan's daughter still married Wang Xi's son and offered it. "The New Language of the World• Virtue": "Prince Jing (dedication zigzag) is sick, and the Taoist should be the first to go through the chapter, asking Zi Jing what are the similarities and differences in the origin." Zi Jingyun: "I don't feel that there is anything left, but I remember divorcing the Xi family." Quote from the "Genealogy of the Wang Clan": "Xian zhi married Gao Pingxi's daughter, who was famous as Daomao, and later divorced." Volume 10 of the "Essential Records of the Book of Laws" contains the "Official Book of Wang Xizhi and Gao Pingxi", which is the "ancestral office" of the Wang clan written for the marriage proposal of the Xi clan, and the relationship between the marriage and marriage of the Wang clan is very detailed. After the marriage of Xian Zhi, he divorced and princess Yuyao, the daughter of Emperor Jianwen. The Wang clan abandoned the old and the new, climbed the imperial palace, morally damaged, and it was difficult to escape internal blame. This may be the reason why Wang Xianzhi was on the verge of death in the previous chapter. However, these are all things that happened decades after the death of Wang Dao and Xi Jian, and have nothing to do with Wang Dao and Xi Jian.

Author: Tian Yuqing