【About the author】Tian Zhihan is an eight-year student of traditional Chinese medicine at Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
【Instructor】Guo Wei, Doctor of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Deputy Chief Physician of Shandong Xinzhonglu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital.
Traditional Chinese medicine substitution, since ancient times, the famous Song Dynasty physician Chen Wuxuan's book "Three Causes and One Disease Evidence" recorded in the stone soup with pig kidney has a cloud: no kidney essence, replaced by sheep kidney. Today, when the environment is deteriorating and the species are extinct, it is not easy to buy endangered animal and plant medicinal materials because they are banned or the price is very expensive, and the study of their substitution is very important for protecting the environment and ensuring the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine. Regarding the search for ideas for the substitution of endangered animals and plant medicinal materials, the following statements are for your reference only.
1 Sexual taste effect similar to medicinal herbs
When using substitute Chinese herbal medicines in clinical practice, the first choice is still to use Chinese herbal medicines with similar tastes and effects to the substituted herbs. Eleuthero, which belongs to the same family as ginseng, has been studied to confirm that it has a similar effect to ginseng and can be used clinically. The use of chicken blood ointment instead of angelica, party ginseng or prince ginseng instead of ginseng, Zhejiang shellfish instead of Sichuan shellfish, buffalo horn instead of rhino horn, pig trotter nails instead of pangolins are also often used by doctors in the clinic. There are studies that are too white and yellow lian taste bitter, slightly cold, compared to huang lian in the sexual taste only difference in degree, in the efficacy of the indications, especially for the sore carbuncle swelling poison, the heat clearing effect and huang lian are good, can be used as a substitute for huang lian.
2 Artefacts and aquaculture
The Regulations on the Protection and Management of Wild Medicinal Resources promulgated by China in 1987 include a total of 43 kinds of medicinal materials of first-, second- and third-level medicinal animals and plants, and the use of wild medicinal resources is restricted or even banned. Therefore, on this basis, artificial products and artificial breeding products have been developed. Chinese medicine agarwood is a resin-containing wood of the Ruixiang family plant Baimuxiang, in recent years, its living environment has deteriorated and man-made destruction, coupled with the low reproductive ability of wild whitewood, in 1987 it was listed as a national rare endangered third-level protected plant. Now Hainan artificially cultivates white wood incense, so that the wood is traumatized, artificial incense. For most endangered animal medicinal materials, most of the current artificial breeding, such as clams, snakes, snakes, deer, etc. can be used to expand resources.
3 Chemical analysis methods
Looking for substitutes For the modern development of Traditional Chinese medicine is receiving more and more attention today, the use of modern research methods to study the active ingredients of Traditional Chinese medicine and then compare, is also a way to find substitutes. There are two main varieties that can contain similar active ingredients, one is a different part of the same plant, and the other is a variety that is very closely related to the substituted medicinal materials or has a very close blood or basis relationship.
3.1 Different parts of the same medicinal herbs
There is generally only one traditional medicinal part of medicinal plants, but through chemical extraction analysis, it has been found that the same ingredients can be extracted from other parts of the plant, and even more content, and the effect is better. Due to the long growth cycle of Eucommia (tonifying the liver and kidneys, which has a good effect on hypertension of liver and kidney deficiency), it takes 20 years to take its traditional medicinal site - bark, but this year's study found that Eucommia leaves also have a good blood pressure lowering effect. Berberine is also contained in the leaves, petioles and roots, and increased doses can also replace their rhizomes to a certain extent. Ginseng leaves have rarely been used in medicine in the past, but modern analysis of ingredients also found that it also contains active ingredients, which can be extracted into medicine.
3.2 If the animals and plants of the closely related species have similar blood or basic relations in the species genus, indicating that they have similar traits, they are more likely to contain the same medicinal ingredients. The "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" stipulates that the use of white mustard herbs is the orchid plant white mustard, but the replacement phenomenon of tube petal orchid, bracts and small white mustard on the market is more common, li Jianmei and others found that these substitutes are more similar to white mustard through analysis of chemical composition and thin layer chromatography, and have certain substitution value. Similarly, Gansu skullcap, sticky skullcap, and Lijiang skullcap can be considered as alternatives to genuine products after research. The use of yellow sheep horns in place of the horns of the endangered animal Saiga antelope has also been recorded. Shen Zonggen determined that Dendrobium copper and Dendrobium officinale have similar infrared spectra and can be used as a substitute for medicinal Dendrobium varieties. Protecting the environment and species is our responsibility as human beings, and ensuring efficacy, allowing patients to recover, and allowing patients to have medicines and cures is our duty as a doctor.
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