In the era of Internet +, when it comes to the most "red" emperor, the Qianlong Emperor must have a place, and the Internet is full of ridicule of Qianlong's online texts and passages, some ridicule Qianlong's bad calligraphy, some ridicule Qianlong's general level of poetry, whether true or false, Qianlong has naturally become the emperor that the vast number of netizens are most familiar with because of these hot discussions.
Qianlong's most criticized thing is that he stamped on ancient paintings. Some people even counted how many stamps he had stamped on a painting, and tarted heavily.
But do you know that the seals in these masterpieces are not all Qianlong's handwriting, and the person who stamps the most is not him. It can be said that if blind sealing is a science, even Qianlong must call him a teacher.
This person is Xiang Yuanbian.
Who is Xiang Yuanbian?
Xiang Yuanbian, a native of Jiaxing, Zhejiang, Zi jing, Mo Lin, and the master of the retreating secret nunnery. He was a guozi supervisor, but he did not enter the career and chose the path of business. Xiang Yuanbian is extremely good at management, away from the eunuchs, and obsessed with treasure.
He began collecting as a teenager and has become a world-renowned collector by the age of forty.
During the Years of the Republic of China, the historian Weng Tongwen found that nearly half of the calligraphy and paintings had a person's mark on the storehouse of the Palace Museum, and Weng Tongwen finally restored a collection catalog, deducing that the total number of people's calligraphy and painting collection was more than 2190 pieces. At that time, according to the statistics of the "Palace Museum of Calligraphy and Paintings", the palace museum's collection of calligraphy and paintings was more than 4600 pieces.
As far as calligraphy is concerned, it is said that there are 8 handwritings of Wang Xizhi alone, such as "Orchid Pavilion Preface" (Feng Chengsu Ben), "Ping'an Ti", "He Ru Ti", "Feng Tangerine Ti", "Zhan Jin Ti" and so on; Tang Huaisu's "Self-Narration Thesis", Song Sushi's "Yang Xian Ti" and Mi Fu's "Poetry Scroll of Amaranth".
The paintings in the collection include Gu Kaizhi's "Female Shi ZhenTu", Wang Wei's "Shanyin Tu", Han Gan's "Zhao Ye Bai Tu", Zhao Mengfu's "Quehua Autumn Color Map", Qiu Ying's "Han Palace Spring Xiao Tu", Tang Yin's "Autumn Wind Fan Tu", etc., all of which are the most famous masterpieces in the history of Chinese painting.
I cover my lid
Chu Suiliang copied the beginning of the Orchid Pavilion preface
Xiang Yuanbian is not a general like to stamp, in Chu Suiliangben's "Orchid Pavilion Preface" stamped 98 seals, in Huai Su's "Self-Narrative Post" stamped more than 70 chapters, in the Shenlong Ben "Orchid Pavilion Preface" stamped more than 50 stamps, according to relevant people to study, his collection of more than 2,000 pairs of Song and Yuan calligraphy and paintings, are stamped with his seal, and many are repeatedly stamped, posterity evaluates him: Plutonium prints are tired, like hiring a beautiful person but his face.
Taking Chu Suiliang's version of the Orchid Pavilion Preface as an example, there are more than 200 seals on it, and the Qianlong Emperor only contributed more than a dozen such as "Sanxitang Jingjian Seal" and "Shiqu Baodi", but this "simple" grass folk has stamped nearly 100 seals on this work.
Chu Suiliang's "Orchid Pavilion Preface" Tang Dynasty
Super rich second generation
Today, Xiang Yuanbian's label is definitely indispensable to the "rich second generation", but just saying that he is the second generation of the rich, you may not be able to imagine how much wealth he inherited from his father, let's simply convert it.
Among the calligraphy works in his collection, the highest purchase price was Wang Xizhi's Zhan Jin Ti Scroll, which was 2,000 gold. In the Ming Dynasty, there was a habit of calling silver two gold, and during the Wanli years in which he lived, a year of Qipinzhi County's Feng Lu (basic salary) was 45 taels of silver, and at the price of the time, building a luxury villa was only a dozen or two silver.
Therefore, Xiang Yuanbian spent almost 45 years of salary of a county grand master, bought a work of Wang Xizhi, and did not blink an eye, which is really a literal sense of "rich and invincible".
Buy more calligraphy and paintings, it has formed a huge collection, the collection has a warehouse, so Xiang Yuanbian specially built one for his own collection, just before and after the completion of the jin dynasty guqin, known as "Tianlai", he named this building "Tianlai Pavilion".
Every time he watched, he would stamp it with excitement, so that he had the dense "psoriasis" mentioned at the beginning. In the end, I really want to talk about it, in fact, the habit of blindly stamping, Qianlong Ye learned from Xiang Yuanbian.
When the Qianlong Emperor went down to Jiangnan, he interviewed his collection place "Tianlai Pavilion" and also wrote poems for "Tianlai Pavilion".
《Tianlai Pavilion》
With Li Wenren Zijing,
The pavilion collects the ruins to fill the tree.
The clouds and smoke are like floating in the sky,
Ming Shi pitied him for his own name.
This was not enough, he still had to bring the "Tianlai Pavilion" back to the old nest, and what was even more surprising was that qiu Yingdu, a great painter of the Ming Dynasty, was a servant of his family!
"Quehua Autumn Color Map" Yuan Dynasty Zhao Mengfu Xiang Yuanbei Old Collection
In 1590, Xiang Yuanbian died, and part of the collection flowed out of the Tianlai Pavilion and was handed over by Dong Qichang and others. 50 years later, the Qing army went south, the Tianlai Pavilion was destroyed in the war, the Xiang family's descendants were scattered everywhere, people went to the empty building, and Sven was no longer there.
For this change, the most painful thing was the Qianlong Emperor. Fortunately, part of Xiang Yuanbian's collection was found by this fan and taken over.
Later, the Xinhai gunshots rang out, the imperial power came to an end, and the forbidden land of the past was no longer mysterious, after Chen Yinke's student Weng Tongwen estimated that after the reform at the end of the Qing Dynasty, the old collection of Xiang Yuanbian in the palace actually occupied half of the entire Collection of Calligraphy and Painting in the Forbidden City.
Han Di's "Five Bull Diagrams", collected by the Palace Museum