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The fall of the three were the most important administrative measures of Confucius during his tenure as the Grand Sikou of the State of Lu. However, this time, the demolition of Caiyi against Jisun, Mengsun and Shusun Shiqing was full of doubts. Who is the big backstage of Confucius's action? Did Lu Dinggong support Confucius in order to strengthen the monarchy, or did the powerful minister Ji Shi use Confucius for ulterior motives?
The real challenge in front of Confucius, the Grand Si of the State of Lu, is not the "Alliance of the Valley", nor is the real bitter hand being the greedy Qi Jinggong. No matter how strong the State of Qi was, it would eventually be north of Mount Tai; in order to realize the long-cherished ambition of reviving Li Le Gangchang, the "Three Huans" sitting in Qufu, the capital of Lu, were the great trouble for Confucius's confidants.
By 500 BC, the history of the Jisun clan, the Shusun clan and the Mengsun clan had lasted for more than a century, and the forces were intertwined and difficult to eradicate. To gradually weaken their threat to the office and reshape the authority of Lu Dinggong, where should this key chess move be placed? Confucius's choice was "Fall of the Three Capitals".
The so-called "three capitals" are the Caiyi Fei of the Jisun clan, the Caiyi of the Shusun clan, and the Caiyi of the Mengsun clan. Because of the decline of Lu Jun and the "Three Huans", these three cities have long broken through the forbidden area of etiquette of "the city of doctors without a hundred pheasants", and after generations of additions, they have built a strong fortress.
If the "Three Huans" succeed, they can re-enter the main Qufu and dominate the court by coercing the "Three Capitals"; in case of losing power, they may as well retreat back to the "Three Capitals", divide the territory, and oppose the monarchy. In this sense, to rip off the fortress and city wall of the "Three Capitals" is tantamount to drawing a salary from the bottom of the "Three Huans".
Thinking that Lu Zhaogong had also made up his mind to eradicate the "Three Huans", the son of the Grand Master Zi Jia Qiang warned him:
"Politics has been out of the country for a long time, and the hermits have eaten more, and those who are disciples of it are all sorry." - "The Twenty-Five Years of Zuo Chuan Zhao Gong Biography"
The "Three Huans" replaced the monarch and ordered the State of Lu for several generations, and the household registration and population of the State of Lu were in their hands. The state has no "citizens", but they have "hermits".
How could Lu Zhaogong, who was vastly disparate and clutching his fists with both hands, realize his ambition to expel the "Three Huans"? Lu Zhaogong, who failed and fled into exile, ended up with hatred 10 years ago, and now Confucius is plotting to "fall into the three capitals" and want to repeat this thunder that Lu Zhaogong stepped on.
To answer this question, we must first clarify who Confucius's "Fallen Three Capitals" plan was actually negotiated with. In the literature, two very different accounts appear:
In the summer of the thirteenth year of Dinggong (497 BC), Confucius said to Dinggong: "There is no Tibetan armor for subjects, and there is no city of hundreds of pheasants for doctors." "Make Zhongyu for the Ji clan and will fall into the three capitals." - "History of confucius's family"
According to Sima Qian, Confucius's plan to "fall into the Three Capitals" was a report directly to Lu Dinggong, and the actual executor of the plan was Confucius's disciple Zilu.
However, this record inevitably gives rise to two doubts:
First of all, the reigning Duke Of Lu Ding at this time was established after the "Three Huans" expelled Lu Zhaogong, and his political energy was even worse than that of The Duke of Zhao. Why did Lu Dinggong approve Confucius's actions, and how much practical support could he provide for Confucius?
Secondly, Zilu, as the manager of the "Fallen Three Capitals" plan, held the position of "Ji Shizai". "Ji Shi Zai" is also a vassal of the Ji clan. This position was by nature a private subordinate of the Ji clan rather than a public official of the State of Lu. According to the patriarchal system, if Zilu wanted to hold this position, the power of appointment was not in the hands of Lu Dinggong but in the hands of Ji Huanzi, the patriarch of the Ji clan.
Therefore, the "Spring and Autumn Ram Biography" says that Confucius's implementation of the "Fallen Three Capitals" plan was not supported by Lu Dinggong, but directly promoted in consultation with Ji Huanzi:
Confucius did what Ji did, and March did not violate it. "The house does not hide armor, and there is no city of hundreds of pheasants." "So the handsome master fell, and the handsome master fell." ——" The Legend of the Spring and Autumn Ram and the Biography of the Twelve Years of Dinggong
Who is more reliable in the Chronicle of History and the Ram Spring and Autumn? I personally thought it should be the latter. In addition to the above-mentioned reason that Zilu must be authorized by Ji Huanzi to serve as the head of the Ji family, another important piece of evidence appears in the Zuo Zhuan:
Zhongyu was the Ji clan zai and would fall to the three capitals, so the uncle Sun clan fell to The Lord. The Ji clan will fall to the expense, gongshan buhu, uncle and grandson Shuai feiren to attack Lu. Gong and his third son entered the palace of the Ji clan and ascended to the platform of the Wuzi. Fei Ren attacked, Falk. Entering and the public side, Zhongni ordered Shen Shu, Le Qixia, Cut Zhi, Fei Ren North. The people of the country chased after him and defeated them. - "The Twelve-Year Biography of Zuo Chuan and Ding Gong"
According to the "Left Biography", Zilu set about destroying the walled fortress of Feiyi, provoking a rebellion by Feiyi's grand master Gongshanhu. The rebels invaded Qufu, and Lu Dinggong, along with the "Three Huans" suzerain Ji Huanzi, Shusun Wu, and Meng Yizi, fled into the Ji mansion and held a dangerous position at Wuzitai.
The movie "Confucius" mistakenly believed in the "Records of History" and insisted that the "Fallen Three Capitals" were conspired by Confucius and Lu Dinggong against the "Three Huans", so when interpreting this plot, it was said that Wuzitai was built by Confucius to prevent the rebellion of the "Three Huans", but it did not know that this made a big joke: "Wuzitai" was named after the ancestor of the Ji clan, Ji Wuzi, and was also built in the Ji's palace, how could Lu Dinggong order Confucius to build a military stronghold to defend the Ji clan in the Ji clan's private residence?
In addition, the completion time of this high platform is not the eve of the "Fall of the Three Capitals" in 498 BC, as early as 517 BC when Lu Zhaogong expelled the "Three Huans", Ji Pingzi, the father of Ji Huanzi, had stubbornly resisted here:
(517 BC) In September 517, wu ji shi, killed the public at the gate, and entered it. Pingzi took the stage and asked: "If the king does not detect the sins of the courtiers, he will make the ministers please do the work, and the ministers please stay in Yishang to investigate the crimes." "Flesh. - "The Twenty-Five Years of Zuo Chuan Zhao Gong Biography"
If the "Fallen Three Capitals" plan had not been approved by Ji Huanzi in advance, and the rebels of Gongshan Hun had rushed into the capital, could Ji Huanzi have been so generous as to take Lu Dinggong into his private residence for refuge? No way.
As early as 562 BC, the armed forces under the direct control of the Duke of Lu were divided up by the "Three Huans" led by Ji Wuzi, and the army that counterattacked Gongshan Hu could only be Ji's family private soldiers at the Wuzi Platform. It can be seen from this that the plan of "Falling three capitals" was put into practice, and the person who backed Confucius should be Ji Huanzi, not Lu Dinggong.
But in this way, things became even more bizarre: demolishing the city wall fortress of The Three Capitals was tantamount to stabbing a knife in the arm of the "Three Huans", so why did Ji Huanzi support Confucius in doing so?
The answer is that at this time, Guoyi and Feiyi are like festering and pus arrow sores, and if they do not cut it off, the rule of the Three Huans will be in danger of collapsing.
At first, the former patriarch of the Shusun clan, Uncle Sun Chengzi, wanted to make Uncle Sun Wu his heir, but was opposed by two clan relatives, Gong Nan and Gong Ruo. After the death of Shusun Chengzi, although Shusun Wu inherited the title, the family power was in the hands of Gongnan and Gongruofu, the former acting as Ma Zheng and having the right to mobilize the family's private soldiers; the latter out of Yiyi and controlling the most important family fiefdoms.
In order to regain power, Sun Sun Wu and the people of Yiyi made a plan, imitating the story of the assassination of King Wu with a knife, which led to the rebellion of Ma Zhenghou of Yi. Although with the assistance of mengsun, Shusun Wu surrounded Hou Prisoners, but as long as Hou Prisoner could not shrink out of The Tangchi of Jincheng City, Shusun Wu was stunned that there was no way to take him.
Shusun's Feiyi was openly rebellious, while Jisun's Feiyi was a hidden evil. In 502 BC, Yang Hu, a powerful minister of the State of Lu, plotted a coup d'état with the intention of subverting the Three Huans and seizing Lu Zheng. Behind this coup was the secret support of Fei Yi's doctor Gong Shanhu.
Qian Mu's Biography of Confucius says:
And the Yanghu Rebellion, Fei Zai Gongshan did not have the truth and complicity. It has been three years since the Yang Tiger ran, and Gongshan Buhu is still Fei Zai, and the Ji clan is no different. Its city is large and dangerous, and the Ji clan can rebel against the Lu Jun, but its courtiers can also betray the Ji clan accordingly, and the Ji clan is suffering from this. - "The Biography of Confucius"
When Confucius proposed to Ji Huanzi to demolish the walls of the Three Capitals, Ji Huanzi may not have doubted that Confucius's true intention was to weaken the "Three Huans" and strengthen the office, but pragmatically speaking, the demolition of the Three Capitals City Walls at this time is indeed conducive to strengthening the control of the "Three Huans" over Yiyi and Feiyi, and preventing the recurrence of rebellion.
Since Confucius was willing to let Zilu be a cone that hit the city and level the Gongshan Fox, why didn't Ji enjoy it? Therefore, even if Confucius's "fall into the three capitals" will make Ji Shi have the pain of scraping his bones and healing poison, in order to save his arm, Ji Huanzi must also express his support.
With such an analysis, we will find that in the great event of "falling into the three capitals", the cooperative relationship between Confucius and Ji Huanzi is actually quite fragile.
Underneath the tacit understanding that the two sides needed was a sharply opposed political orientation: Confucius's goal was to weaken the "Three Huans" with the "Fall of the Three Capitals" and eradicate the chronic disease of Lu Guoshiqing's dictatorship; while Ji Huanzi planned to use Confucius and Zilu as gunmen to suppress the rebellion of his subjects and consolidate the power of the Qing clan.
Looks like a god, and the south is the opposite. In the long run, the two sides will break up, and the trigger that triggered confucius and Ji Huanzi's rupture was Meng Sun's Caiyi.
bibliography:
Gu Derong and Zhu Shunlong, "History of Spring and Autumn"
Li Mengcun and Li Shangshi, "History of the Jin Dynasty"
Takikawa Ziyan "Notes on the History of the Society"
Qian Mu's Biography of Confucius
Yang Bojun's "Spring and Autumn Left Commentary"
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