What will the Sun's star look like when it dies? Astronomers and sky enthusiasts have developed a curiosity about the solar system's "doomsday landscape", and solar astronomy and solar physics have long been subjects that scientists have been interested in exploring, one of the reasons is that the changes in the sun are related to the fate of the earth, and the changes in the earth are related to the future of mankind. An international team of astronomers from the University of Manchester has formed an international team, and through computer simulations of big data technology, they have given a more accurate prediction of the ultimate fate of the solar system, and put forward three views on the time node of the ultimate fate of the sun:
First, the life cycle of the sun is about 10 billion years, and the sun is currently in the "middle age". Second, in about 5 billion years, the Sun will evolve into a red giant with a red glow, the red giant will produce huge expansion, the edge of the red giant will extend into the orbit of Mars, and the in-situ Earth will be swallowed up by the red giant. Third, the brightness of the sun increases by about 10% every 1 billion years, and the earth's greenhouse effect and the rise of solar radiation will have a superposition effect, when the earth home is no longer a habitable place for human beings, and the earth life will cease to exist in about 1 billion years.
The current age of the sun is about 4.6 billion years, and scientists have calculated the life cycle of the sun based on the rate at which the sun's internal core is burning, and based on the radioactivity of other celestial materials in the solar system, scientists can also calculate the age of the sun, and the celestial bodies of the solar system and the sun formed at the same time, they have the same age as the sun. The Sun will undergo a large expansion in the stage of a red giant, and in the rapid change of the Great Contraction, the dead Sun will transform into a white dwarf, forming a dim planetary nebula around the white dwarf.
During a deadly explosion, stars like the Sun throw outer layers of gas and dust material into space, and what astronomers call "envelope" matter accounts for more than half of the star's total material. The material left behind in the core of the star continues to burn, and the helium material in the core layer is condensed into carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen material. When the gravitational pull of the stellar core sphere cannot further stimulate the nuclear fusion reaction, the "heart" of the star finally stops beating. Astronomy researchers at the University of Manchester point out that the stellar envelope gradually cools as it extends, but the star's core ball is extremely hot, which makes the star's outer gas shine brightly for up to 10,000 years, which seems to astronomers to be a short time.
Stars such as the Sun have left behind a variety of nebulae after a deadly explosion, some of which are so bright that they are seen hundreds of billions of light-years away, while others are dimly lit and blurry. Planetary nebulae are common in the observable universe, including the famous Herrix Nebula, Cat's Eye Nebula, Ring Nebula, Bubble Nebula, etc., and almost every astronomer has his own particular favorite nebula pattern. The mass is different, the life cycle of the star is also different, and the brightness of the planetary nebula is related to the stars of different masses. The name of the planetary nebula has nothing to do with the planets.
Astronomer William Herschel first discovered the wonderful nebulae in the late 18th century, and through the simple astronomical telescopes of the time, he saw that the shape of the nebula was the same as that of the planet, so he named such nebulae planetary nebulae. Astronomers have used bright planetary nebulae within outer galaxies to measure the distance of extragalactic galaxies. An international team of astronomers formed by the University of Manchester has found that stars with a mass of 1.1 times the Sun will leave behind a nearly invisible planetary nebula after death, as our Sun does; stars with a mass less than 2 times the Sun will leave a dim nebula after death; and only stars with 3 times the mass of the Sun will leave a bright and brilliant planetary nebula after death.
The way the future sun dies is rather mild compared to massive stars, which end their life course in the form of supernovae, either transforming into a neutron star or transforming into a black hole. When the sun with limited mass is transformed into a red giant, the volume expansion will not continue indefinitely, and the red flame of the sun's red giant will reach the orbit of Mars, and the earth will be "buried in the sea of fire" at that time. Before the Sun transformed into a red giant, humans living on Earth may have already developed a "migration plan" for aliens. It is estimated that the sun's brightness increases by 10% every 1 billion years, when the ground will become hot and the sea will evaporate. Humanity will not rush to compile an "escape plan" out of The Earth in 1 billion years, and perhaps it will only take millions of years for human scientific civilization to begin to spread from Earth to other habitable planets. "The future has come" refers to the advent of the era of digitalization, intelligence and networking, not the arrival of large-scale astronomical time.
(Compiled: 2018-5-9)
Sina Visitor System