□ Sun Haiwen/Photo
After the white dew, gradually into the Mid-Autumn Festival, the River In the western Sichuan River is full of reed flowers, "the crab leaf is pale, and the white dew is frost." Reeds are called "leaf" at the time of birth, and before there is no long spike, it is called "crab", and the leaf grows next to the water, dense layers, and endless. "Sandwiching the shore and the sand, the branches shake the waves", a branch of reeds shakes with the wind, and the autumn wind blows like a wave tumbling.
In the "Catalogue of Things, when the age is", it is said: "August is the laurel moon". This season, in addition to the reeds, the osmanthus tree is probably the most familiar and favorite plant. On the autumn night of the moon, Yang Shen, the champion of the Toad Palace Folding Gui High School, put a bouquet of fragrant osmanthus flowers on the head of Huang E, a talented woman in Shuzhong, and at this moment, Yang Sheng'an, with the joy of marrying a beautiful person, wrote such a osmanthus poem.
The jasper in the treasure forest is cool, and the west wind sends wood rhinoceros yellow.
Bloom into golden millet branches, and insert dark clouds and incense.
The waves exhaust the heroes, and the osmanthus tree has witnessed the firm love of Yang Shen and Huang E. Perhaps many years later, after thirty years of exile in southern Yunnan, under the cold and lonely white moonlight of Yongchang Wei Peng in Yunnan, Yang Shen looked back on his life and realized that holding hands with the people he loved was the happiest time in his life.
sweet osmanthus
The moon of Guizi sets in the middle of the sky and the incense clouds drift outside
Osmanthus flower, from the genus Wood Rhinoceros of the family Xylariaceae, in the "Flora of China", the plant name of the osmanthus flower is the wood rhinoceros, the osmanthus flower is native to the native plants of southwest China, because of its leaf vein shape such as the "Gui" character and known as Gui, Gui wood, etc., and because of its wood texture such as rhinoceros, it is named "Mu Xi". The osmanthus tree entered the city courtyard very early and became a plant companion that accompanied us throughout our lives.
Very early on, the ancients divided them into different varieties because of the color of osmanthus flowers or pale white or light red or yellow, and Li Shizhen of the Ming Dynasty recorded in the "Compendium of Materia Medica": flowers have white names silver gui, yellow people named golden gui, red people named Dan gui; there are autumn flowers, spring flowers, four seasons flowers, day by day flowers.
In this season, the streets of Chengdu will always have the sweetness of osmanthus flowers. Osmanthus blossoms, the floral fragrance is overflowing, intoxicating. The ancients said that the beauty of things is the glory of swagger.
Guihua Lane is an extremely quiet small street in the downtown area of Chengdu, and the end of the small street is connected to the bustling Changshun Street, if you look through Changshun Street, you can also see the wide and narrow alleys of Chengdu's famous attractions that are crowded opposite. However, compared with the lively wide and narrow alleys, this small street in the downtown area is usually sparsely pedestrianized, sparsely trafficked, and extremely deserted.
Osmanthus flowers are fragrant all over the road
Before it was called Guihua Lane, this street was called Dangui Hutong in the Qing Dynasty, and the hutong was located in the center of Chengdu, mancheng, where the children of the Eight Flags lived. Because the mancheng of Chengdu is located on the ruins of the Shaocheng of Chengdu built by Zhang Yi of the Qin state during the Warring States period, it is also called Shaocheng, and this Dangui Hutong is one of the Bingding Hutongs inhabited by the 33 Eight Banners of Shaocheng.
Today's Osmanthus Lane is a small street with a very strong atmosphere of life, less than a kilometer of the street is lined with osmanthus trees, the street does not have a modern and fashionable taste, and the two sides are mostly built in the gray and misty multi-storey cement buildings of the last century. Usually, it is even difficult to notice the existence of this street. Near the mid-autumn festival, "the moon of the laurel falls, the sky is fragrant outside the clouds", the air is filled with the rich sweet smell of osmanthus flowers, and everyone who passes through the osmanthus lane will stop and stay. At this time, it is difficult to ignore this small street with osmanthus flowers.
Osmanthus lane, mostly dangui and golden laurel, it is not clear when the earliest osmanthus trees were planted here, some osmanthus trees have been planted for a long time, under the tall osmanthus trees, there are a variety of small teahouses, small food stalls, old neighbors in the street chess and card mahjong to spend time. Although the small street connects the city's two busy main roads, DongchengGen Street and Changshun Street, as long as you turn around and enter the Osmanthus Lane, under the cover of the lush osmanthus trees on the street, it is isolated from the glitz and bustle, and the air is filled with a sweet smell, and at this moment, it seems that time will become extremely soothing.
reed
Late autumn reed flowers are collected and loaded into the cloth quilt
Reed is a perennial plant of the genus Reed in the family Poaceae , which has extremely developed rhizomes. Reeds have many stem nodes on the densely woven underground stems on the water's edge, and each stem node will germinate on the stem buds. The new shoots on these stems will continue to grow upwards until they are withdrawn from the ground, at which point the reed buds that appear on the ground will grow into a seedling of a reed. Reeds are water-loving, in swamps, river banks, streams, lakes in a variety of open areas with water sources, they extend through the four roots, in the invisible wet underground to form a rapidly expanding underground network, they have amazing self-reproduction ability, once occupied the riverside beach, they quickly formed a continuous reed community.
"The turtle swims on the lotus leaves, and the birds stay in the reeds." There are many famous reeds in the north and south of China's great river, and these vast reeds are also the habitat of many water birds. Reeds have tall, erect stems with many knots on the stems, and waxy powder under each stem node of the reeds. The stems of reeds are commonly used papermaking raw materials and are also one of the raw materials for weaving reed mats and curtains.
In August, the ears of reeds become large, densely conical, which is the inflorescence of the reeds. There are many rough branches on the reed conical inflorescence, and each small branch is covered with dense, drooping spikelets, and each small spike has 4 tiny flowers. The four inconspicuous flowers in this small spike are the real flowers of the reeds, but this small flower grows very ordinary, and they never use their appearance to attract bees and butterflies, but rely on the wind to pollinate them.
"The sorrowful prince is alone in Shatou, and the water is full of boats around the reed moon." After the Mid-Autumn Festival, the reed flowers bear fruit, and this fruit of the reed is also called yingguo, although the reed has four small flowers in each small spike, but only one small flower can bear fruit, and the reed's yingguo is wrapped in long fluff. The ancients would wrap the long fluff wrapped in the ripe fruit of the reed as the "flower" of the reed, and the reed had countless branching spikelets, full of countless fuzzy fruits, and there was a quite spectacular "reed flower".
In ancient times, cotton was not yet popularized, and the gentle long fluff of reed Yingguo became the best warm filling, and the "Zunsheng Eight Notes" written by Gao Lian in the Ming Dynasty wrote: "Picking reed flowers in late autumn and loading them into cloth quilts." In addition to making quilts, gentle reed flowers are also used to fill pillows, and to this day, the reed flower pillow is also one of the most popular pillows.
"The mountains are green, the water is green. The wind on both sides of the reed flower is thick. "The reed's lightweight seeds have long hairs, late autumn, and when the seeds mature, the villi break from the base, the autumn wind blows, the reeds rise with the wind, and the seeds also fly into the air with the reeds, and after a period of travel, the reeds complete the propagation of the seeds. The cascading reeds on the shore of the water, reflected in the reflection of the sunset, shine golden light, whether it is against the wind or flying downwind, this is a blessing from afar, but also an unforgettable phenological beauty.
Cattails
A tender dish of puddles is full of carp aroma
In the Mid-Autumn Festival, the fruit sequence of the cattail begins to ripen, if you pinch it with your hand, a large number of plush seeds will burst out of the fruit sequence at once, and then countless seeds with long fluff will fly to the sky. Spreading seeds for cattails has become a favorite nature game for many children this season.
This yellow-brown fruit inflorescence, which has grown in the summer, looks like a series of grilled sausages, which is extremely memorable. People think that the fruit of cattails looks like candles, and they live at the water's edge, so cattails are often called water candles. In English, cattail also has a very symbolic title called cattail, cat's tail.
In the Book of Verses, it is said, "There are pu and lotus in the pit of Pi Ze. "Pu here refers to an aquatic herb, and some people say that pu may be calamus of the genus Calamus in the family Tiannanxing, and some people say that it refers to the cattail genus of the genus Cattail in the family Cattails. Both plants are native to our country, both of which have strip-shaped leaves that look very similar. They are also often found in swamps, streams or water's edges, so it's no wonder people confuse them.
However, the whole plant of calamus is poisonous, and accidental consumption can cause liver and kidney damage in the human body, and cannot be eaten at will. And cattails are a dish and vegetable at the feast of the ancients. The rhizome of the cattail is milky white, people pick its young leaf base and the tip of the rhizome, call it pu cai, the poem has a verse in the Daya "its Wei Wei He, Wei Bamboo Shoots and Pu", which talks about the use of fresh bamboo shoots and cattails to worship the ancestors. Folk also call pu cabbage grass sprouts, with pu cai into the feast in China has thousands of years of history, its taste is tender and delicious, "a crisp si pu vegetable tender, full of fresh memory carp fragrance."
The leaves of the cattail are similar to those of calamus, both have flexible stem and leaf fibers, except that the leaves of the calamus have a middle rib, while the cattail does not. This wide, flat and resilient leaf can be used to weave mats. The "Hanshu Jia Mei Zou Road Biography" records an inspirational story of Lu Wenshu Pucao's compilation of books. "Wen Shu took Ze Zhongpu and cut it off." This means that Lu Wenshu was very poor when he was a child, herding sheep by the pond, and seeing that there was a bush of cattails growing in the pond, he cut the grass neatly, and then threaded it together with thread, and then borrowed a few books from others, copied them on his homemade grass books, and when the sheep were herded, they could take them with them to read. Later, this story entered the ancient children's enlightenment book "Three Character Classic", "wearing pu weaving, cutting bamboo Jane." He has no books, and he knows. ”
madder
Pick up the red madder and dye it into a pomegranate skirt
Madder is an extremely common plant in the mountains and can be found in urban parks and green spaces. This herbaceous vine with small barbs all over its body is extremely inconspicuous. There are many branches on the ridged stem of madder, and each edge also has very fine skin thorns, if you touch it upside down from the bottom up, there is a blunt frustration of touching the sandpaper, no wonder some people call it "astringent grass".
The leaves of madder are usually 4 leaves that grow together in four directions around the stem, and the way this leaf grows is also called rotation. Each leaflet is lanceolate, and the edges of the leaflets are also very fine toothed spines, the two sides of the leaf are rough, the veins are also slightly small skin spines, the tip of the leaf is pointed at the base of the heart, the madder also has petioles about the length of the leaf, and the petioles are also inverted with small skin spines, and their rotational leaves look like indicating arrows pointing in four directions.
In autumn, their tiny little flowers bloom on the edge of the mountain, and dozens of small white flowers form a poly umbrella-shaped inflorescence, and even then, the inflorescence is still small and inconspicuous. After flowering, madder produces spherical blue-green fruits that gradually turn orange in late autumn as the fruit ripens.
Although it is not very impressive, people have known and used this ancient plant for a long time. In the "Book of Poetry, Zheng Feng", there are verses such as "Dressed in silk, talking about entertainment" and "East Gate of the Tomb, Ru Feng in Han". The russ in the Book of Verses is madder.
The roots of madder contain alizarin, which is a natural red dye. The red color of the madder is also called madder. In the Han Dynasty, people planted madder on a large scale. According to the "Han Guanyi" record, "the dyeing garden produced a silky silk for dyeing the imperial clothes", and people at that time had already mastered the technique of dyeing red with madder. Sima Qian's "Chronicle of The Chronicle of Cargo Breeding" has a record of "Thousand Mu Of Qian, his people and thousands of households". 卮 refers to gardenia, and akane is madder. Yellow with gardenia and red with madder. There are thousands of acres of Qianyuan, and their status and wealth can be compared with those of thousands of households.
The fruit of madder
Yang Shen of the Ming Dynasty once said in a poem: "Pick up the red madder and dye the pomegranate skirt." "The pomegranate skirt is not a skirt with a pomegranate motif, but a bright red color. This bright red dress like a pomegranate flower makes women beautiful and moving, so it is deeply loved by ancient women. The name of the pomegranate skirt began in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. By the Tang Dynasty, pomegranate skirts had become extremely popular, and there were many Tang Dynasty women wearing pomegranate skirts, whether in murals, poetry or various literary works. When Wu Zetian was ordained as a nun at The Ganye Temple, he wrote to Emperor Gaozong of Tang Li Zhi: "I don't believe in it, I have tears, and I open the box to check the pomegranate skirt." The color of the pomegranate skirt is extracted from the roots of madder. In order to make the color of the fabric more uniform and vivid, multiple over-dyeing is also used to dye different reds from light red to dark red. It is the dream of many women to have a precious pomegranate skirt.
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