Caijia Town Tang Jing Building
Caijia Town Tang Jing Building Rubbing (Partial)
Laiwu District of Jinan City has many cultural relics, and a Tang Dynasty Dravidian sutra building located in the former site of Caijia Town Village in Kouzhen Street is particularly eye-catching to the world. The full name of the sutra building is "Buddha's Peak Zun Sheng Draupadi Sutra", whether it is the early age of the carving, the size of the volume and the beauty of the calligraphy, it is rare in China, and the cultural relics experts are all amazed. In 2006, the building was announced as a cultural relics protection unit in Shandong Province.
The Tang Jing building of Caijia Town was established in the third year of Tang Jinglong (709).
The oldest existing ground building in Shanghai, the Songjiang Tangjing Building, was established in the thirteenth year of Tang Dazhong (859) and was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit in 1988. The famous Qing Dynasty epigrapher and collector Ye Changchi (1849-1917) has a rich collection, with more than 500 collections of Jingzhuotuo books alone, the earliest of which is a remnant of a building in the eighth year of Tang Kaiyuan (720) (Ye Changchi's "Yushi, Volume IV, Eight Rules of Jingdong", pp. 108-118). In this way, the Tang Scripture Building in Caijia Town predates the One in Songjiang, Shanghai by a full 150 years, and 11 years earlier than the earliest collection by Ye Changchi.
The building, originally a banner in the ancient Chinese ceremonial guard, also known as the banner, is made of silk fabric on the pole. After buddhism was introduced to China, people often wrote Buddhist scriptures or painted Buddha statues on silk fabrics. Although the silk fabric is easy to write and paint, it is not easy to preserve, and later the Buddhist scriptures and Buddha statues were carved on the stone pillar, which was called the scripture building. The prayer building is generally composed of three parts: the roof, the building and the base. The main body is a building, mostly hexagonal or octagonal, engraved with Buddhist mantras or scriptures, Buddha statues, etc.
Caijia Town Tang Jing Yuanyuan
He was built by "Ling Jia Sixuan of Ningling County, Former Song Prefecture"
The Tangjing building in Caijia Town is 362 cm high, octagonal, with a circumference of 224 cm, the lid is octagonal eaves pavilion-shaped, and the octopus angle is flying. The top is a local white stone, eight prism-shaped, and four Buddha statues are carved in relief on the partition. Because the stele is carved from a whole piece of bluestone into an eight-sided eight-sided prism, the local people commonly call it "Eight Prism Stele". The stone pillar inscribed with the scriptures is under the cover, 248 centimeters high, and the eight prisms are 28 centimeters wide on each side, and the inscribed text consists of three parts: the origin of the Dravidian Sutra, the scriptures, and the inscriptions. At the end of the paragraph, "Jinglong 3 years ago April 8, Songzhou Ningling County Ling Jia Si Xuan jingzuo" .
Ningling County, located in the southeast of Henan Province, was first placed in the first year of the Western Han Dynasty (122 BC), during the Tang Dynasty, Ningling County belonged to Song Prefecture, and now belongs to Shangqiu City, Henan Province. Ningling County and Laiwu District are thousands of miles apart, Jia Sixuan is not a Laiwu person, nor has he served in Laiwu, why did he build a scripture building in Laiwu thousands of miles away?
Laiwu, Spring and Autumn for the State of Mou and Qi Yinyi, Pingzhou Yidi. Yinyi belongs to the State of Qi, and its former site is in Chengzi County, Yangli Subdistrict, northwest of Laicheng. Qin Zhiyi County (治居) is a village in Chengzi County, which belongs to Jibei County. The northern Wei Dynasty's seat of government moved eastward to Nanwen Village, and Laiwu County, which was located in Zichuan, was abolished, and part of the southern part of the area was assigned to Yin County. In the first year of Tang Zhenguan (627), Yin County was abolished and merged into Boping County. In the fourth year of Tang Chang'an (704), Laiwu County was restored in the ancient city of Northern Wei County. Since then, the Laiwu County Administrative Office has been set up in Laiwu District.
Reading the inscription carefully, we learned that the person who served as the commander of Laiwu County at that time was a man named Jia Pu. Jia Pu, "First henan Luoyang people, after Gai Changsha phase also." Changsha Xiang refers to the Western Han Jiayi (200 BC – 168 BC). Jia Yi, a native of Luoyang, was a famous political commentator and writer in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty. Jia Pu's great-grandfather Guan Yong County, Zuguan Guixiang County Ling, Xingzhou Sima and father Jia Sixuan, successively Guanlushan, Quanjie, and Ningling Three County Orders. It turned out that this "former Ningling County Ling Jia Sixuan" was the father of Ling Jia Pu of Laiwu County at that time. Jia Sixuan, from Ningling County LingZhishi, grew older, and traveled thousands of miles to defect to the son of The Ling of Laiwu County at the time. Jia Sixuan was a great believer in Buddhism, and his son Jia Pu built this sutra building at the Zhengzhen Temple (Xizhen Temple) near caijia town on the eighth birthday of the Buddha in the first four months of the third year of Jinglong. Jia Pu built this scripture, one is to persuade the people to be kind, the second is to pray for the father's birthday, and the third is to leave a legacy of political achievements. As a summary of Jia Pu's 5 years, zhao Taixi, the chief bookkeeper of the neighboring Qianfeng County (present-day Tai'an, Shandong), was also invited to write an inscription.
The Tang Jing Building still stands tall and upright, without the slightest inclination. The direction pointed to by the stele was exactly the direction of Ningling County, where Jia Sixuan had served. This ingenious arrangement is by no means inadvertent.
Since the scripture was built by Ling Jia Pu of Laiwu County, why did he write the name of his father Jia Sixuan? Actually, this is understandable. Laiwu people have always paid attention to filial piety, and there is still a custom in the vast countryside: the son builds a house, if the father is still there, on the day of the beam, the builder must write the father's name on the beam, or write "××× (father's name) to build", or write "××× (father's name) lead the son to ××× (sub-name) to build". Jia Pu, a parent official of Several years, was well aware of this folk tradition and could not avoid following the customs.
Cai Jia Zhen Jing Building
"Inscribing a poem and a preface" has left a precious historical material for posterity
After more than 1,300 years of wind and rain baptism, the body of the Caijiazhen Jingzhu Monument has been cracked, the half-cut base has been buried in the ground, and the text on the column has been blurred. The earliest complete record of its text is the Qing Xuantong "Laiwu County Chronicle", and a few years ago, it was printed and read by Laiwu literature and history experts, and supplemented and corrected the text on the county chronicle.
The Old Book of Tang records that in the first year of Wu Zetian's reign (695), Wei Sili's brother Wei Chengqing, who was then a Fengge She, went to his post due to illness, and the imperial court summoned Wei Sili, who was then the commander of Laiwu County, to Beijing to replace Him as a Fengge Sheren. Wei Sili was deeply trusted by Wu Zetian, and during the Chang'an period (701-704), he was promoted to Fengge Shilang. When Wei Si was appointed as the commander of Laiwu County, Laiwu County was still in the territory of present-day Zibo City. In the fourth year (704) of Tang Chang'an, after Wei Sili left Laiwu County, the imperial court moved laiwu county to the old site of Guyin County in the territory of Laiwu District, and assigned the two places of Yingxian and Mouxian, which had been abolished for many years, to the new Laiwu County. Wei Si, who had served as the commander of Laiwu County, was immediately a courtier, and the retention of the name "Laiwu County" after the relocation may be related to his tenure in Laiwu. The first county order in Laiwu County to move to Laiwu District was Jia Pu.
The Tang Scriptures in Caijia Town are different from those in other places, in addition to the "Buddha's Peak Victory over the Dravidian Sutra and The Sequence", there is also the "Ming Yi Song And Sequence". This "inscription and preface" shows the social situation of Laiwu in Jia Pu's 5 years in office, leaving a precious historical material for posterity.
When he first arrived at Guyin City, Jia Pu saw that "the well was destroyed first, the hills were crippled, the pheasant was decadent, and the hazel thorns were not broken." The wood charm mountain ghost, both dim and morning, wild rat city fox, windy and rainy", as if it had become a ruin. In the face of the desolate scene of "the song blowing is unknown, and the Car is not seen", Jia Pu, as a parent official, has a sense of responsibility and has taken a series of measures that are conducive to the people's livelihood. He first "repaired the city guo, as a museum, a city of regulations, and Lifang Street". From the beginning, we should build the infrastructure of the county town so that the people can have a stable living environment so that they can live and work in peace and contentment. At the same time, in view of the situation of "sparse soil and sparse people, and low profits" at that time, "opening up the road of breeding goods, appeasing the way of the child, seeking to increase the cost, and increasing the number of townships", preferential policies were given to support economic development. With a good production and living environment, coupled with good policies, people in exile are naturally happy to return, so "the city is born with the appearance of Danluo", and the people "help the old and the young, and return to the city". On this basis, Jia Pu began to develop education, promote Confucian culture, respond to the call of the imperial court, build monasteries, persuade the people to be good, and make society more stable.
After 5 years of governance by Jia Pu, on the site of The Old City of Guyin, a brand-new Laiwu County town was erected, and even Zhao Taixuan, the master of the neighboring Qianfeng County, was envious and sighed: "Servants are in charge of their neighbors, and they are beautiful and inferior." ”
Although the Tang Jing building in Caijia Town has been weathered by thousands of years and traumatized by war, most of the inscriptions are still recognizable. The font is a letter of letters, the upper inheritance of the Yuan Wei knot body, the rate is not wild, the lower Yang Sui is rigorous, the work is not board, the pen is free to close, not exciting, both dignified and strong, but also simple and vivid. The text is vertically lined up and horizontal, with vertical lines between the lines, and the size of the characters is natural, very harmonious and appropriate, which can be called a treasure of calligraphy art.
From the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, the scriptures were all over the country and could be seen everywhere, so in the ancient Golden Stone Books and Local Chronicles, the figure of the Scriptures was almost invisible. It was not until Ye Changchi's "Yushi" book, first written in the year of Guangxu Gengzi (1900), that it was listed as a separate chapter and was well known. However, due to Laiwu's remote location and inconvenient transportation, and the fact that the temple where the Caijia town jingzhuo is located has long been lost, and the jingzhuo is surrounded by houses, making it in a narrow and closed alley, coupled with the lack of local people who spread the tao, ye Changchi's sutra building is not included in the rubbings.
The Sutra of Zunsheng Dravidian was widely circulated during the Tang and Song dynasties, and a large number of sutras were built
The belief in the buddha's supremacy over dravidianism arose in the areas of Chang'an and Luoyang in the early Tang Dynasty, and gradually spread throughout the north and south of the great river under the joint efforts of emperors, nobles and monks. The rise of the Sutra of The Venerable Dravidian is closely linked to the Manjushri faith on Mount Wutai. Wutai Mountain began with the construction of the Zunsheng Dravidian Sutra in the Tang Dynasty, reached its peak in the Song Dynasty, and continued to be built in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, with more than 30 seats.
According to the preface to the Buddha's Sutra and the Biography of Guangqingliang, the Buddha Poli of Shamen in North India came to Mount Wutai to worship Manjushri in the first year of Tang Yifeng (676) and met an old man on the mountain. The old man said that all sentient beings in the Han Dynasty created many sin karmas, and the monks often violated the precepts, and only the Sutra of Honor and Victory could eliminate the sin karma of sentient beings, remove all the sufferings of evil paths, and avoid going to hell. After learning that Buddha Polli had not brought the Sutra of Victory, the old man instructed Buddha Polly to go back to the Western Regions to retrieve it, and after retrieving it, it was circulated in Han China. Buddha Polly went back to get it. Later generations believe that the old man whom Buddha Polly met at that time was the incarnation of Manjushri.
After entering the Middle Tang Dynasty, social turmoil, the people did not have a good life, and the belief in hell was popular among the government and the public. For the people who were extremely afraid of the miserable state of hell in the turbulent years, the "Sutra of Victory" fulfilled the people's desire to get rid of the fear of hell at that time, and was copied by people and became popular.