Arab Empire (XII): Mamun
Abu Musa Mohammed bin Harun Rashid (arabic: أبو موسى محمد بن هارون الرشيد, translit. abū mūsā muḥammad ibn hārūn al-rashīd787-813), honorific name al-amin. The twenty-fourth caliph of Islam and the sixth caliph of the Abbasid caliphate.
Muhammad Amin, the son of Caliph Al-Harun Rashid and his wife, Zhobaid, was made crown prince and made Amin the governor of the west, while al-ma'mun, Amin's half-brother, was made the second crown prince, the governor of the east, and stationed in Mulu, the capital of Khorasan.
In 809 Rashid died on the march, Amin was located in Baghdad, and soon after, Amin deposed Mamun and installed his eldest son, Moussa, as his heir. In the same year, Mamun attacked him, and civil war began, with the Arabs supporting Amin and the Persians supporting Mammon. On 26 September 813, Mamun captured Baghdad, Amin was killed, and the civil war ended.
Ma Meng was located in Mulu and took the position of Sect Leader. The garden-shaped miyagi castle established by Mansour was also destroyed during the civil war.
Abbas Abdullah Mamun bin Harun bin Muhammad bin Abdullah (Arabic: أبو عباس عبد الله الممأمون بن هببرون بن محمد بن عبد الله, Latinized: abū 'abbās 'abd-allah al-ma'mūn bn hārūn bn muḥammad bn 'abd-allah, September 14, 786 – August 9, 833), Generally abbreviated as Mamun (or Maimon, Maimon, etc., Arabic: المأمون, Latinized: al-ma'mūn), the twenty-fifth caliph of Islam, the seventh caliph of the Abbasid dynasty of the Arab Empire (reigned 813-833), the second son of Harun Rashid, the brother of Amin, and his father Harun, known as the two most famous caliphs of the Abbasid dynasty. His main contribution during his reign was the patronage of culture and the arts, and the launching of the famous "Centennial Translation Movement" in Arab and world history, which brought Abbasic culture and Arab Islamic culture as a whole into their heyday.
During the lifetime of his father, Harlan Rashid, his half-brother Amin was crown prince and Mamun was the second crown prince. In 809, his father died, and Amin succeeded to the throne, abolishing the throne of Mamun and installing his own son as the crown prince. Civil war broke out. Eventually supported by the Persians, Mamun captured Baghdad in September 813, killing his brother and becoming the seventh caliph.
The Arab Empire during Mamun's reign had begun to decline militarily, becoming independent and shrinking rapidly in scope of its hegemony. But Marmont was known as an enlightened monarch who promoted academic development and had a great influence on the later European medieval Renaissance.
Mamun expanded the library built by his father in Baghdad and named it the "Wisdom Museum", enabling his officials and courtiers to engage in ancient Greek academic research and translation of Greek texts. Mamun also recognized the teachings of the "Mutasila" school, the pioneers of Islamic speculative theology, and ordered the expulsion of judges who did not follow this doctrine and the establishment of interrogation bodies dedicated to investigation. What's more, he replaced the black flag of the Abbasid dynasty with the green flag of Shiites to show respect for the first Imam of Shiites, the fourth orthodox caliph Ali, and his descendants, and to win the support of Shia Muslims. For the Abbasid caliph who carried forward the orthodox (Sunni) faith, Mamun could be said to be a rather heretical caliph.
After ascending the throne, the Mamun general Fadler conquered Central Asia and once again established the rule of the Arab Empire in Central Asia. During the Mamun era, the Arab Empire was the undisputed number one power in the world at that time, and the declining Byzantium and the Chinese Tang Dynasty were difficult to compare. However, the Empire of The Mamun era also had notes that were not in harmony with the heyday, such as the increasingly lavish and wasteful court, and the Babek "Red Army" revolt that broke out in 816, which is believed to have led to the decline of the Arab Empire.
Mammon's contribution to world civilization was mainly in the cultural and academic aspects. The famous "Centennial Translation Movement" in Arab and world history was carried out, thus bringing Abbasic culture and Arab Islamic culture as a whole into its heyday. His thirst for knowledge and scholars reached the point of fanaticism. His emissaries searching for knowledge and scholars galloped along the empire's extensive avenues, covering Byzantium, Persia, India, and elsewhere. He asked scholars to translate Greek texts into Arabic and pay them the same weight of gold as the translations (which is perhaps the most expensive fee in the history of the world), and many precious and long-obliterated ancient Greek texts were revived, and later, these Greek classics were transmitted back to Europe and became a great source of knowledge for the Renaissance movement. Marmont himself has presided over academic conferences and participated in their discussions as a scholar on many occasions.
It is worth mentioning that Mamun concentrated the academic treasures found by generations of caliphs in a magnificent academic center, called the "Palace of Wisdom". The Palace of Wisdom integrates the functions of library management, scientific research, translation and education, influenced by it, and later in West Asia, North Africa and other places, there have been many imitations of the "Palace of Wisdom", such as the University of Córdoba in Spain, the University of Al-Azhar in Cairo, etc. From the 12th century AD, the boom in the establishment of universities began to become popular in Europe, tracing back to the roots, Ma meng's Wisdom Museum should be the first contribution.
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