As for the commentary on "learning and learning, not saying what you want", it was wrong from the beginning of Zhu Xi.
Zhu Xi notes in the Commentary on the Four Books:
If you learn and practice it from time to time, you will learn it well, and the joy in your heart will not be able to advance
This explanation doesn't make sense in two ways
First, the context is incoherent
The Analects begin with three progressive relationships of being human, rather than simply piecing them together, which will be detailed later.
Second, it does not match the idea in the book
The entire analects of the Analects are actually a "novel" that revolves around the 12 words of "Zhi Dao, According to Virtue, According to Ren, and Yu YuYi"
"Art" refers to the six arts, and today it refers to "skills, skills"
Confucius ranked the study of skills and knowledge at the end of his life, and put the construction of character in the first place
This is the consistent philosophical idea of the Analects, so how can we emphasize the importance of reading at the beginning of the chapter?
Obviously, Zhu Xi's interpretation is contrary to the master's advocacy
If Zhu Xi's explanation is wrong, then how can it be understood to be correct?
Let's hear what Wang Yangming has to say.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > have aspired to be gentlemen and should be engaged in learning</h1>
When I was studying Wang Yangming's diligent study (from "Dogma Shows the Dragon Field Beings"), I heard such a story.
One girl was assigned to work as a secretary in a state-owned enterprise after graduating from college.
One day his leader arranged a task for her to inform the departments to meet in the conference room at two o'clock in the afternoon the next day.
The girl called and issued a notification as soon as she received the task.
The next day, the leader walked into the conference room and saw that there were about half of the people sitting inside
The meeting lasted for half an hour and people came in one after another
The girl was anxious, but seeing the leader's light and breezy appearance, her uneasy heart was slightly soothed
Who knows that after the meeting, everyone has not been dissolved, the leader is facing the microphone, the words are round, and the eyes are not squinting,
Asked the girl word for word:
"Xiao Zhang, how did you get this notice?"
The girl faced this dilemma for the first time, and the direct look and rebuke of her superiors made her helpless
She cowered and slowly got up from her seat
Just wanted to explain something
When the words came to the lips, a thought suddenly flashed in my mind
Only to see her ponder for a moment, swallowing the words she originally wanted to defend
Then he replied calmly:
"I know the leader and promise there will be no next time."
Since then, girls have no longer just been called to inform
Through a lot of and meticulous understanding, she grasped the little nine-nine behind those who loved to be late
Some people are used to running to the toilet before the meeting to smoke
She stood at the door of the men's toilet 5 minutes early and shouted
Some people are late to go out because of something
She went to the other party a day in advance to emphasize and communicate
Some people think that meetings are a waste of time
She went to confirm the importance of the meeting
------
In short, no one has been late since
Five years later, at the age of 30, she became the company's youngest vice president
So everyone was very curious, when they were questioned by the leader
What kind of thoughts flashed through her
There is such a miraculous power that changes the trajectory of the whole person's life?
After many years, finally one day, the girl brought up this matter
She said that the leaders at that time attacked her in front of the whole company
Her first reaction was to be wronged and wronged
She did pass the notice down to every department
And the whole department adds up to more than 80 people
She is a small clerk, how can she manage so many people to arrive late or leave early?
So she wanted to stand up and defend herself
But at the moment of opening his mouth
A sentence flashed through her mind, and that sentence was:
The moment you say "okay," getting everyone there on time is the only mission at the moment.
Call to notify, only 1% of the task is completed!
This thought came from nowhere
But it did benefit her a lot
Since then, it has been a big or small matter arranged by the leader
As long as she agrees, she will definitely eliminate all difficulties, all difficulties
Not for anything else, just for that one "okay"
It is a promise guaranteed by personality!
Wang Yangming said that he had aspired to be a gentleman and should engage in learning
This "learning" is not learning textbooks and reading four books, but is a kind of human learning.
From the experience of life, there is a good experience in doing things,
Learn this kind of learning, your pleasure is not to laugh, but to understand the heart of the smile.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > who is not diligent in learning, must not be determined yet</h1>
Wang Yangming also mentioned two kinds of people in the diligent study chapter
One kind of person is called intelligent vigilance, and the other is called diligence and humility
There is a strange phenomenon
But all the villains are mostly intelligent and alert
Some of the gentlemen may be stupid, but there are absolutely no stupid people among the villains, and some are even very talented
In history, all the people who committed great treachery and great evil, which one is not only eight buckets high, left and right
For example, Shen Kuo has been hailed as "the most outstanding figure in the entire history of science in China."
Oil was what he found
In particular, his masterpiece "Mengxi Pen Talk" is a collection of scientific achievements of the previous generation
It is known as the encyclopedia of ancient China
If it weren't for his book, Chinese might never have known about the great invention of printing
It was actually created by a cloth cloth BiSheng
Shen Kuo's contribution to the history of Chinese science is no less than Sima Qian's achievements in history
But Shen Kuo is an authentic villain
He was originally good friends with Wang Anshi
When Wang Anshi was prime minister, he followed him and actively took sides
It was heavily valued and reused by Wang Anshi
When Wang Anshi failed to change the law and lost his position, he immediately stood up and resolutely drew a line with him and bitterly criticized the shortcomings of the new law
Shen Kuo and Su Shi also had a good relationship
Su Shi was sent to Hangzhou as a general judge for opposing Wang Anshi's change of law
Shen Kuo went to Hangzhou to inspect the construction of farmland water conservancy
Before leaving, he asked Su Shi for a new work
Su Shi was immersed in the mellow mash of his old friends
I didn't think much of it, and personally copied a copy and gave it to him
Who knew that Shen Kuoyi returned to the capital
Immediately looking for excerpts from the poem, I deliberately found some sentences that detracted and slandered the New Deal
After being "annotated", it was quickly presented to Song Shenzong and Wang Anshi
It laid the groundwork for the later "Wutai Poetry Case"
Although the culprit of Su Shi's involvement in the Wutai poetry case is Wang Anshi
But Shen Kuo is the initiator behind it
Although Shen Kuo has the historical status of a scientist
But later generations weakened his political deeds because of his character
Mr. Yang Ming saw it very clearly
In the text he said to his disciples
The more talented a person is, the easier it is to use his talents on crooked ways
Even if such people are superficially mixed up like fish
But among your classmates, don't you despise him behind his back? Wouldn't you hate him?
On the contrary, those who look stupid and slow
Self-defeating, peaceful and easy
Not so much though
But isn't it more respectable and loved?
Finally he exhorted bitterly
When you understand this, you can clarify the content of diligent study
Confucius's "habit" is not a review, it is a practice, it is a confirmation
In dealing with people, in the process of doing things, boldly confirm the truth of being a person
The so-called gentleman does something and does not do something
How to be a person with capital letters is Confucius's original intention
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > true gentleman, and confidants are hard to find</h1>
There are friends who come from afar
The word "far" does not mean far away
But it is difficult to describe a confidant
Not just Confucius
We all feel this experience
As the old saying goes, "Life has to be a confidant, and death without regrets"
Sometimes it includes our husbands, children, and even parents
Although you are close, you are not necessarily the one who knows you best
Throughout his life, Confucius traveled around the world, tired like a dog that lost his family
Although disciples are widespread all over the world
But how many people can really read him?
Even Zilu sometimes complains
"Gentlemen are also poor?"
Until 500 years later, Dong Zhongshu promoted Confucius Studies
Sima Qian wrote the Records of History in praise of Confucius
These five hundred years of loneliness, is not "there are friends from afar who do not say anything"?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > a true gentleman who doesn't complain</h1>
Confucius's next sentence goes on to say: "Man does not know but is not ashamed, is he not a gentleman?"
People who really do learning, real gentlemen, even if no one understands you in their lives, they will not complain about others
Usually we encounter injustice, and we will curse the darkness of the world
When you encounter a blow, you scold others for being sorry for yourself
But Confucius said that a true gentleman, who does not complain about the heavens, will only ask himself:
Why can't I stand up?
Why can't I?
I reflected on myself and started looking for problems from myself
There will be no thought of complaining in your mind
Confucius often said, "The little man asks for everyone, and the gentleman asks for himself."
Wang Yangming also said, "If you can't do something, you should ask for yourself."
The purpose is to cultivate a strong heart
It is a kind of mental intriguation, and it is also an act of villains
Not being sullen is to oppose internal friction and change one's life against the sky
Action is the best medicine to cure internal friction
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > concluding remarks</h1>
After reading the first three sentences, we can understand what is being said later in the Analects
The Analects is actually a novel, and Confucius has been depicting it for us
How a true gentleman should live