Chapter 1 Principles of Landscape Design for Garden Plants
Section 1 Garden Plant Categories
This section is the most difficult to write, which requires you to describe the plant in the most concise and vivid language, and the overall overview requires precision and objectivity. This is the general program of the application of garden plants. There are also many technical terms, but to popularize them, you must also try to understand them as easily as possible.
Garden plants are a general term for garden trees and flowers. According to the classification method of usual garden applications, garden trees are generally divided into trees, shrubs, vines one, two or three categories. Flowers give the common impression of herbaceous flowers.
The term flower is used to refer to ornamental herbs, herbaceous or woody ground cover plants, flowering shrubs, flowering trees and bonsai. All in all, garden plants cover all plants of ornamental value (Figures 1-1, 1-2)
Figure 1-1 Rich Living Materials. From trees to shrubs, from leaf viewing to . Flower viewing. The parameters of form, the artistic composition of color, and the fine combination of texture.
Garden plants in themselves refer to living organisms with forms, colors, and growth laws, and for landscape designers, they are a symbol. Application and classification according to the length, thickness, color, texture, etc. of symbol elements.
If you use the plant's growth type, classification law and . Applying the law, garden plants can be divided into six types: trees, shrubs, herbaceous flowers, vines, lawns and ground cover (Fig. 1-3 to 1-5).
Figure 1-2 The rich plant landscape not only adds infinite vitality and vitality to the city, but also creates the Garden of Eden suitable for human habitation.
Each type of plant can form a different form of space and structure, which is either monolithic or group.
Qiao Benduo is a large volume, with a clear trunk, because of the difference in height, so it is often subdivided into three categories: small joe (height 5 to 10 meters), middle joe (height 10-20 meters) and big joe (height of more than 20 meters). However, its landscape functions are all used as the division, enclosure, barrier, decoration, guidance and beautification of plant space.
Figure 1-3.The lawn expands the flat green space, and with its unique turquoise, low and soft effect, it becomes the best substrate for other buildings or sketch landscapes
Xiao Qiao is moderately tall and closest to the upward viewing angle of the human body, so it is called the main constituent tree species of urban living space.
Zhongqiao has the function of enclosing small and medium-sized buildings or building groups, and "assimilating" the hard landscape structure in urban space, organically unifying and coordinating the urban spatial environment as a whole.
Big Joe's urban landscape is applied under special circumstances, such as embellishing and setting off tall buildings or creating changes in light and dark spaces, guiding tourists' sights, and so on. In addition, there are also many beautiful flowers in the trees, such as kapok, phoenix wood, wood cunning, etc., mainly using its forest landscape or single point scene, which has the advantages that other types of plants cannot match.
Tall shrubs are also beyond the human line of sight because of their height, so in landscape design, it is mainly used for landscape separation or space encirclement.
For small-scale landscape environments, it is used to shield the line of sight and limit the scope of different functional spaces. The combination of large shrubs and trees is often an application combination that defines the scope of space, organizes a more private activity space, and can shield and isolate the bad external environment.
The posture of shrubs mostly uses flowers and leaves as the main design reference elements. The beauty of the flowers is the most fascinating, and the colors of each country are fragrant and colorful.
Leaf watchers have a long ornamental period and are also widely introduced and adopted, such as evergreen shrubs and colored leaf tree species. The spatial scale of small shrubs is the most intimate, and its height is below the line of sight, and it is mostly used in space design to form the functions of low walls, fences and parapets, so it has a crucial impact on the user's behavior and activities in the space and landscape appreciation. And because of the continuity of the line of sight, coupled with little change in light and shadow, it is easy to form a semi-open space from the function. Usually such materials will be treated in large quantities (Figures 1-6 to 1-7).
Fig. 1-6.The use of arborvitae groups to form an enclosed space is a common means of space treatment in gardens (Yalta, Ukraine)
Fig. 1-7.The eight immortal bushes are arranged at the beginning of the original road, which is fascinating, using the allure of flowers to people
The main ornamental and applied value of herbaceous flowers lies in their diversity of colors and their binding to ground cover plants. Not only does it enhance the coverage effect of the surface, but it can also form a unique flat composition effect.
Figure 1-8 A large number of shrubs are used for surface greening to increase the amount of greening line of sight.
Figure 1-9. The neatly built shrubs form patterns, which were used in classical Western gardens to express the symbol of the conquest of nature, and have now become a gardening style
The visual effect of most herbaceous flowers is expressed by contrasting the contour lines of the pattern with the shadow effect in the sun, so these plants focus on the advantages of volume in application. There is no advantage of plant configuration in terms of "quantity". There will be no "qualitative" changes in the plant landscape. To highlight the amount of herbaceous flowers with patterns. In addition to the use of artistic techniques to deploy the changes of light and shadow, the auxiliary facilities are also very necessary. Methods often used in urban landscapes, such as flower beds, flower beds, flower landscapes, flower belts, overhanging pots, etc., to highlight the characteristics of their application value (Figure 1-10)
Figure 1-10
Vines are mostly based on walls, parapets or other supports to form vertical hanging or oblique vertical flat composition, so that it can form a more natural sealing and enclosing effect, and play a role in softening the attachment (Fig. 1-1 to Fig. 1-13)
The classification meaning of lawn and ground cover is different, lawn was originally a type of ground cover, because the development of modern lawn has been a professional category that cannot be ignored, and the lawn here specifically refers to the modern lawn with its leaf color or leaf quality as a unity. Ground cover, on the other hand, is dedicated to supplementing or dotting the underside of trees, at the edges of trees or other decorative low-rise herbaceous plants, shrubs, etc., and is characterized by strong adaptability. Lawns and ground cover plants have the same spatial functional characteristics. i.e. the view of the people. and the direction of motion does not produce any shielding and obstructing effects, which can constitute the natural continuity and excess of space (Fig. 1-14 to Fig. 1-17)
Figure 1-14
Figure 1-16, Shade-tolerant plants under the forest, such as jade hairpins, moss grasses, etc. (Moscow Botanical Garden)
Figure 1-17.Adaptable and highly ornamental ground quilts are often used for side greening. (Melbourne Institute of Sport, Australia)
Henan Divine Comedy landscape finishing, thank you readers for guidance and support.