Professor Gong Yanming's handwritten information card.
The intelligent robot of the Keju Museum
The scores of this year's Jiangsu college entrance examination were announced last week, and recently in the exhibition hall of the China Imperial Examination Museum in Nanjing, an intelligent robot was added, and spectators and tourists can "check the scores" of more than 100,000 jinshi in the ancient Chinese imperial examination. Created by Zhonghua Bookstore, the "Database of Successive Dynasties" is the most comprehensive information on ancient Chinese "Xueba" so far, behind which is the academic project "General Catalogue of Chinese Dynasties Dengke" that Professor Gong Yanming of Zhejiang University spent more than 20 years painstakingly. The Yangtze Evening News reporter tried the system in the museum and found a lot of interesting stories about the ancient Jiangsu Xueba.
Yangzi Evening News/Yang Eye reporter Zhang Kewen/Photo
Jiangsu produced a total of 73 Jinshi Keyuan During the Kangxi Dynasty, Jiangsu people had "ten examinations and nine crowns"
The Sui Dynasty first opened the Jinshi Branch, which is regarded as the beginning of the Chinese imperial examination system, for example, Fang Xuanling, a famous minister in the early Tang Dynasty, was a Jinshi of the Sui Dynasty Jinshi Branch. However, the Tang Dynasty began to rank jinshi, and the first title was Sun Fujia, a Xingtai man from Hebei province who was five years old by Tang Gaozu Wude.
Zhuangyuan is the first place in the entrance examination, which can be called "the bully of learning". The "Database of Successive Dynasties" can "check the scores" of more than 100,000 Jinshi from the Sui Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty according to keywords such as name, subject, place of origin, and era. After searching, it was found that a total of 567 Jinshi members were born in Chinese history. Defined by today's administrative divisions, there are 73 Jiangsu people in the database, accounting for 12.9% of the total number of historical leaders. The first Jiangsu Zhuangyuan was Gui Renzhao from Suzhou in the late Tang Dynasty, and the last Jiangsu Zhuangyuan was Zhang Xiao, a Nantong native of the Qing Dynasty and a famous industrialist in modern times.
If divided by the times, the Jiangsu people dominated the national "examination forum" undoubtedly in the Qing Dynasty. The database shows that in the Qing Dynasty, there were 114 Jinshi Keyuan, of which 45 were from Jiangsu, accounting for 39.5%. In particular, in the 10 consecutive jinshi examinations from the 33rd to the 57th year of the Kangxi Dynasty, 9 Jiangsu Champions were produced, the only exception being Wang Jingming was a Jiading person, but in fact, Jiading County was also subordinate to Suzhou Prefecture at that time.
Brother, father and son, uncle and nephew
Suzhou has the highest number of Jinshi keyuan in the province
From the perspective of Jiangsu Province, the number of Jinshi keyuan born in Suzhou is absolutely in the province. According to the current administrative division, 42 of jiangsu's 73 jinshi keyuan are from today's Suzhou. Followed by 9 people in Changzhou, 7 people in Nanjing, 5 people in Wuxi, 4 people in Yangzhou, in addition to 2 people in Nantong and Xuzhou Zhuangyuan, and 1 person each in Zhenjiang and Huai'an Zhuangyuan.
The strength of Suzhou talents has emerged as early as the Tang Dynasty. In 869, Gui Renzhao of Suzhou became the first Jiangsu Champion, and five years later his younger brother Gui RenZe was re-enlisted in the Jinshi Branch Zhuangyuan. The database can be found, and the two of them have 3 older brothers, and they have also won the jinshi. After another 18 years, Gui Renze's son Gui Yan also won the title. In 901 and 905, the Gui and Gui brothers, who were also from Suzhou, successively passed the examination. In just 36 years, Suzhou has given birth to two pairs of "brothers" and a pair of "father and son". In the late Qing Dynasty, Suzhou produced weng tonggong and weng zengyuan, two "uncles and nephews".
Jiangsu's "Wu Zhuangyuan" Nanjing has the largest number of people
In the Song Dynasty, there were also "resurrection matches" for failed candidates.
"Wu Zhuangyuan" is the first place in the martial arts examination, which began to appear in the Song Dynasty, but both the status of the candidates and the difficulty of the examination are inferior to those of the Jinshike. According to the database, there were 10 Wu Zhuangyuan in Jiangsu by the Qing Dynasty, including 3 in Nanjing, 2 in Suzhou, Yangzhou and Taizhou, and 1 in Nantong. It is worth mentioning that the place name of "Sanyuan Lane" in Nanjing Xinjiekou originated from Wu Zhuangyuan of the Ming Dynasty's "Lianzhong Sanyuan" and the famous anti-Wu general Yin Feng, whose residence is in the area of today's Sanyuan Lane. However, the database records Yin Feng's place of origin as Fengyang, Anhui, so it is not classified as Wu Zhuangyuan of Jiangsu Nationality.
In addition, the Song Dynasty also set up a "resurrection contest" for candidates who repeatedly failed the entrance examination in the jinshi examination- the special name examination. In this item, Jiangsu has 1 person in Suzhou and Wuxi who each won the first place in the examination.