"Wine crown Qianren country, Yandeng Chiyu River", take you to see the development of Moutai wine in three periods

When it comes to Guizhou, everyone can't help but think of wine, otherwise how can there be this famous sentence of "wine crowns the country of Qianren, yandeng Chiyu River" has been circulated. The former sentence is about the name, the last sentence is about the earth, and this so-called earth refers to the "Red River".

Do you know where the Chiqiu River refers? In fact, it is our Chishui River.

As for why the Chishui River got this name? This is because our Chishui River will become very rapid during the Dragon Boat Festival, and thus become red. So people at that time called it the Red River.

When it comes to chishui river wine, it is the "Moutai wine" that is far from being known as nature. Today, I will take you to talk about the development history of Moutai.

First, the budding period of Moutai wine: the earliest Moutai liquor shochu

When it comes to the earliest Moutai sake brewery, everyone may think of the "Yamato Shobo", which is found in the donation list of a chemical furnace built in the eighth year of Qingjia (1803) in Yangliuwan, Moutai.

But in fact, "Weisheng Wine Factory", which was found on the road stele of the debut of the three-hundred-ladder section from Maotai to the county seat, was engraved with the number of Moutai Weisheng wine in the forty-ninth year of the Qianlong Dynasty (1784).

According to various indications, Moutai wine developed in the Han Dynasty until the beginning of the Qianlong Qing Dynasty, which took more than a thousand years to initially complete and produce a unique wine body. However, Moutai wine at this time belonged to the product of capitalism at that time.

Second, the development period of Moutai wine: the governor of Guizhou opened up the Chishui River

In the sixth year of Qianlong (1741), the Qing government designated Moutai as one of the four major ports for Sichuan salt to enter Qian.

In the eighth year of Qianlong (1743), Zhang Guangsi, the governor of Guizhou at that time, felt that the transportation of Sichuan salt was very difficult, especially "the Yunnan copper and qian lead were transported into Beijing by land every year, and every festival was lofty mountains and mountains, Wudao sheep intestines, driving transportation was difficult, and the foot cost was huge."

So he wanted to dredge the Chishui River to develop shipping, and ordered local officials to investigate the river channel and recruit workers, after listening to the opinions of all sides. In the 10th year of Qianlong (1745), the middle and lower reaches of the Chishui River were finally opened, after which Moutai gradually became an important place for the distribution of Sichuan salt in Guizhou.

After this, Moutai also came to several poets one after another, and after tasting Moutai wine, they all praised it, so the name of Moutai wine gradually passed out.

Du Zhen Shiyun: "Shu salt goes to Guizhou, Qin merchants gather in Maotai" describes the salt merchants in Shanxi and Shaanxi at that time, accumulating huge sums of money, setting up a number to operate here, and the former fishing village soon became a bustling commercial market town.

The rapidly developing capitalist tendency in the salt transport business has contributed to the development of capitalist production methods in the brewing industry in Moutai Town. Zheng Zhenshiyun: "Wine crowns the country of Qianren, and salt ascends the Chiyu River", which is exactly the portrayal of the two young buds of capitalism in the salt transportation and sour wine industry in Moutai Town at that time.

Third, the ripening period of Moutai wine: Moutai spring, Moutai roasted spring

By the eighth year of the Qing Dynasty (1803), it was certain that there were more than one or two brewing houses and workshops in the Yamato Shobo, which were "similar to the donation and repair of the Willow Collapse Furnace".

The fine wine they made was taken out of the country by Qin merchants and salt workers and boatmen and publicized, and it was famous inside and outside the province.

By the time of Qing Daoguang, the annual output of brand-name liquors such as "Moutai Spring", "Moutai Roasted Spring" and "Huisha Maotai" produced in Moutai Town had reached more than 170 tons.

In the nearly one hundred years of the three dynasties of Qian, Jia and Dao, the development of Moutai wine has not only improved the development of Moutai wine brewing technology, but also the internal production mode of the wine industry has also developed to a certain extent.

Fourth, China was forced to reform: three Moutai liquor shops were gradually established

It was not until after the First Opium War in 1840 that China gradually became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society due to the invasion of foreign capitalism.

In the ten years from the fourth year of Qing Xianfeng (1854 AD) to the third year of Tongzhi (1864 AD), the people of all ethnic groups in Guizhou launched a vigorous old democratic revolutionary movement to overthrow the feudal system, resist the invasion of foreign capital, and prevent the colonization of China, and held an armed uprising of the peasants of the Yellow and White Armies.

They conquered Meitan and marched into Zunyi, shaking the north of the Wu River. Between May and November 1858, Shi Dakaibu, the wing king of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, also moved from Sichuan to the Qianbei region, "taking the road to Renhuai County,..... With no intention of attacking the city, he went around the village of Maotai in Zhongshan and passed through the Bijie Festival in western Guizhou."

As a result of the reactionary Qing government's obstruction of the Taiping Army's wing king Shi Dakaibu into Sichuan and the suppression of the Rebellion of the Miao Yellow and White in Guizhou, the town of Moutai was subjected to military excesses and became ruins, and all these burning houses were burned down, so the brewing of Moutai Town was interrupted.

After the failure of the Xiantong Peasant Revolt in the 1860s, the Moutai brewing industry followed this law.

In accordance with the law of capital concentration, which inevitably appears in the primitive accumulation stage of capitalism, the original more than twenty burning houses (factories or workshops) were gradually replaced by the three major distilleries of Chengyi, Ronghe and Hengxing through various channels such as "sale" and "restoration".

It was invested and operated by hua taowu, Shi Rongxiao, Wang Lifu, Bureau Bingheng, Lai Yong, and other national capitalists who were transformed into former merchants or landlords.

The original diminutive wine workshop was transformed into a large-scale distillery, became an early new industrial manufacturer in northern Qianbei, and began the initial development of national capitalism in Guizhou.