Occurrence law and integrated control technology of large cherry real bee
Huang Yaping and others
Large cherry is a dominant fruit tree species in Tianshui area, the fruit color is gorgeous, sweet and sweet, early on the market, known as a treasure in the fruit, deeply loved by consumers. As of 2018, Tianshui large cherry area of 0.6 million hm2, output of 55,000 t, output value of 1 billion yuan, large cherry industry has become one of the important pillar industries to promote farmers' income and rural economic development. However, the types of pests and diseases that harm large cherries are on the rise, and the big cherry fruit bee is another important pest that harms large cherry fruits in our city in the past two years after cherry fruit flies. According to relevant data, cherry real bees are mainly distributed in Beijing, Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi, Sichuan and other provinces of cherry production areas, the degree of harm is more serious than the cherry fruit fly, the insect pest from the young fruit stage began to harm, the fruit after the harm completely lost the commodity value, the insect fruit rate is generally 5% to 73%, serious up to 90% or more. In 2018-2019, the "Tianshui Large Cherry Real Bee Control Technology Research and Demonstration" project was implemented, which conducted a comprehensive and systematic experimental study on the hazards, occurrence rules and control technical measures of the big cherry real bee, in order to provide a basis and reference for the prevention and control of the big cherry real bee.
1 Morphological characteristics of large cherry wasps
According to the identification of Professor Wang Dun of the College of Plant Protection of Northwest A & F University, the large cherry wasp ( ) endangering the Tianshui area belongs to the order Hymenoptera, leaf bees. Adults are about 5 to 5.5 mm long, with a wingspan of 10 to 14 mm, no ventral stalk, black and slightly metallic luster; broad head, large compound eyes, black, 3 monocular yellowish brown slightly amber; broad antennae are whip-like, a total of 9 segments, the first and second segments are coarse and short black, the rest of the segments are yellowish brown; the wing membrane is transparent, the wing veins are yellowish brown; the antennae, lip base, and tibial segments of the foot are yellow-brown; the male foot segments are black, and the female foot basal segments are yellow. The eggs are oblong and oval, milky white and transparent. The larvae have 5 instar stages, the hatching larvae are 1 mm long, the head is dark brown, the body is white and transparent; the second instar larvae are 1.6 to 3.6 mm long, the head is reddish brown, the body is white; the third instar larvae are 3.7 to 5.3 mm long, the head is brown, the body is yellowish white; the fourth instar larvae are 5.4 to 8.3 mm long, the head is light brown, the body is yellowish white; the fifth instar larvae are 8.4 to 9 mm long, the head is light brown, the body is yellowish white, 3 pairs of thorax and foot are developed, the gastropods are 7 pairs underdeveloped, the femoral feet are 1 pair underdeveloped, and the body sides are wrinkled and protruding. Cocoon pupae are filamentous leather, 4.3 to 6 mm long, cylindrical, brown, and have soil grains on the surface. Nudibranchs are initially pale yellow and then turn black, 4.2 to 5.8 mm long.
2 Symptoms and occurrence of hazards
2.1 Hazard symptoms The large cherry fruit mainly harms the large cherry fruit, the adult insect lays eggs under the epidermis of the flower tray before the big cherry blooms, after the egg hatches, the hatching larvae moth from the top side of the fruit into the fruit, the moth entrance becomes a brown wood-bolted dot with the growth of the fruit, the larvae eat the seed core, seed kernel and pulp after the fruit, the infested fruit is filled with insect feces, the larvae bite through the peel after ripening, and there are 2 mm round fruit holes on the fruit. After the damage, the top of the fruit becomes red prematurely, easy to pinch flattened, the fruit stops growing, and some fruits fall off in advance.
2.2 Occurrence law The large cherry wasp occurs in 1 generation in 1 year in the Tianshui area, and the old mature larvae form cocoons in the soil for more summer and wintering, and in late March of the following year, the large cherry begins to feather out of the late March period, and the feathering ends before the final flowering period. The feathered adults mated to lay eggs on the flower tray, 1 flower laid only 1 egg, the egg stage was 6 to 8 days, the hatching larvae mothed into the young fruit around April 10, the moth hole was located on the side of the suture line at the top of the fruit, the moth mouth was very small, light brown, there was 1 larva in 1 young fruit, and the larvae mothed into the epidermis and then fed the core, kernel and flesh along the suture line to the base of the seed nucleus. From larval borer to fruit removal for about 20 days. After the old mature larvae are defruited, the larvae that fall to the ground crawl on the ground, looking for soil cracks or loose soil to drill into the summer and overwinter, and when entering the soil, the head is drilled first, inverted, creeping in, and cocooning at 3 to 10 cm in the soil. Due to the rush of the fruitless larvae to burrow into the ground after landing, the position of the cocoon is mainly distributed within 0.5 m from the base of the trunk to the periphery under the vertical projection of the canopy. The annual above-ground activity period is about 40 days.
3 Integrated control techniques
3.1 Agricultural control Autumn combined with fertilization, deep overturning of tree trays, destroying the growth environment of overwintering larvae to kill overwintering larvae; before the overwintering pupae of large cherry bees, level the orchard land, lay plastic film, and compact around to prevent the unearthed feathered adults from flying out; clean up the fallen fruits in time, and in the fruit growth period, find the insects and fruits at any time to remove, centralized treatment, do not bury deeply.
3.2 Physical control Before the germination of large cherry buds, the orchard hangs a yellow plate, and applies honey to trap the adult bees of large cherry, 50 to 100 yellow plates per 667 m2, and 1 to 2 sheets per tree, which can also prevent pests such as aphids and fruit flies The headline number Qingqian Willow was first launched.
3.3 Pharmaceutical control At the initial flowering stage and after the flowering of large cherries, spray the tree with pollution-free insecticide 5% perchloromethylvitamin microemulsion or 0.3% matrine emulsion to prevent adult insects from laying eggs and larval borers; before the pests are defruited, the land is leveled, and 48% poison tick emulsion is sprayed under the tree 200 times the liquid, and then shallow rakes are put into the soil to kill the larvae that land into the soil after fruit removal.