The same is the pig, some people raise sows can produce more than 15 pigs per litter, and some people raise sows but can only produce a few piglets. At present, the price of pigs is at a high level, and a weaned pig can sell for more than 1500 yuan. If the number of litters produced by a litter is 5, the income is a difference of seven or eight thousand, not a small amount. Most pig farmers want their sows to be productive, but they don't have a way to do it, and they even use the wrong method. Today's article will talk about how to increase the number of sows and make the pig farm more profitable! Spot a spot, right?
1. Genetic quality
Excellent boars with strong physique, energetic energy, strong libido, good semen quality and offspring of 3-8 sows with a large number of litters and a large weaning nest should be selected for breeding purposes. Selected individuals must have typical characteristics of this variety.
2. Body shape and appearance
Gilts reserved for breeding should have a flat or slightly inclined back, high and open limbs, a relatively large and loose abdomen, and poor breeding power of sows with excessive abdominal contractions. The nipples are neatly arranged and full, there can be no blind nipples, paraperms, etc., and the effective number of nipples is 6-8 pairs. The vulva is moderately sized and droopy.
3. Reasonable selection
Breed selection provides the basis for selection, and reasonable selection produces excellent offspring, which also provides conditions for breed selection. Inbreeding should be prevented when selecting, so as to avoid early death of embryos or inferior offspring, affecting the economic returns of pig farms. The preferences of pig producers in the region and surrounding areas should also be taken into account to determine hybrid combinations. It is usually customary to use local pig breeds with early selective maturity, large number of ovulation and strong adaptability as the mother, and select pig breeds such as Duroc, York, and Changbai as the father to produce binary or ternary hybrid piglets to improve the competitiveness of the product market.
The age and number of fetuses of sows have a greater impact on the reproduction rate. Usually sows have fewer litters in the first litter, the second litter begins to increase, the reproduction rate of 3-8 litters is the highest, and the reproduction rate begins to decline after 9 litters (different breeds vary slightly). In the basic sow herd of the general pig farm, 35% of the sows aged 1.5-2 should be accounted for, the sows aged 2-4 should account for more than 50%, the sows over 4 years old are below 15%, and the average fetal number of sows in the whole field is controlled at 4-5 births. The utilization period of the sow individual should not be too long, and the sow herd should be updated according to the proportion of 20%-25% every year, the elderly sow should be eliminated in time, and the gilt should be supplemented in a timely manner to ensure the reasonable age and fetal structure of the breeding group sow, so as to effectively improve the reproduction rate.
In addition, sows with serious reproductive diseases in the basic sow herd should be eliminated in a timely manner to avoid unnecessary cost expenditure.
1. Reasonable nutritional level
Gilts are in the growth and development stage, and the sows are in a state of intense production all year round, so the sows should be supplied with comprehensive nutrients before the normal mating of sows (that is, the breeding preparation period) to maintain a moderate breeding condition.
The first step is to control the emotions. The mating condition that is conducive to sow estrus, ovulation, and conception is 7-8 adults. If the sow is overweight, the appearance of "crotch meat" or "jaw meat" often leads to abnormal estrus, a decrease in the number of ovulation, a low fertility rate, and a small number of litters. If it is too thin, the stomach is less than 60%, the sow spine and ribs are exposed, it is difficult to have normal estrus and conception, and the overly thin sow often carries a certain disease, and even must not be eliminated prematurely. The first method of controlling the condition is to look at the feeding of the fat, and the feeding amount should be appropriately increased for sows with many litters and high lactation rates and sows with poor prenatal fat; for sows with fewer litters, good skin conditions and low lactation rate, the feeding amount should be controlled. Short-term optimal feeding methods can also be used. Thinner sows and gilts before breeding, using short-term excellent feeding before breeding, can achieve breeding physical condition and normal estrus and ovulation as soon as possible, and improve reproductive performance. Short-term preferential feeding time begins 15 days before breeding for sows and 10 days before breeding for gilts. Short-term optimal feeding method: one is to feed in sufficient amounts at regular intervals; the other is to feed 2.5-3.0 kg of concentrate per day according to the skin.
2. Careful management
Establish a normal management system; often keep the house clean and dry, moderate light and exercise and fresh air are conducive to promoting sow estrus; regular weighing to adjust the feed feeding, so that the sow maintains the breeding condition.
1. Accurate identification and timely breeding
Whether the estrus identification of sows is accurate and whether the mating time is appropriate has a great impact on the fertility rate and the number of litters. In order to achieve timely breeding, it is necessary to consider the ovulation law of the sow in estrus and the time it takes for sperm and eggs to live in the sow's reproductive tract. The best time for breeding is 8-12 hours after the sow has a static reflex, but due to differences in breed, age, nutritional status, season and individual ovulation time, it should be flexible when determining the mating time. 2. Appropriate matching method and number of breeding
It is best to breed 2-3 times during a estrus period of sows, which can significantly improve the fertility rate and littering. In actual production, farms (households) can choose the appropriate method according to conditions and needs.
The promotion and application of new breeding technologies has played a huge role in improving the breeding power of sow baskets, such as the promotion of the application of pig farms b super machine, artificial insemination technology, etc. The application of b-super machine can determine whether the sow is successfully bred at more than 20 days of counterweight.
1. Artificial insemination technology
Pig artificial insemination is the most effective means to accelerate the improvement of pig breeds, through artificial insemination technology, the excellent boar quality genes can be rapidly promoted, thereby promoting the renewal of breeds and the improvement of commercial pig quality and its neatness. Using artificial insemination, breeding difficulties caused by excessive weight in breeding boars or abnormal reproductive tracts of sows and boar preferences can be overcome. Breeding is carried out according to production needs, which is conducive to the utilization of high-quality breeding pigs and the full play of hybrid advantages. The use of artificial insemination techniques can effectively reduce the spread of exposure to sexually transmitted diseases, especially reproductive organ diseases. The processed boar semen can be stored for a certain period of time, and can be used for feminization and breeding of sows at any time, especially it is convenient to use reproductive technologies such as repeated sperm and mixed sperm, which is conducive to improving the fertility rate and littering of sows.
2. Rational use of reproductive hormones
Gilts from the initial love period to the first estrus breeding or the process of giving birth to the next pregnancy of the sow, there is no internal secretion of reproductive hormones in the body, but the sow often due to nutrition, stress, disease and other feeding management factors lead to reproductive hormone secretion disorders in the sow body and can not complete normal reproductive activities. Therefore, the rational use of reproductive hormones can effectively improve the fertility of sows and improve the economic benefits of pig farms. Reproductive hormones commonly used in pig production include pregnant horse serum, pg600, oxytocin and so on.
Summary: In addition to doing the above points, we also need to work harder on breeding management. During pregnancy, various stress factors should be reduced, moldy, deteriorated, too cold feed should be prohibited, and the environment should be kept quiet, clean and dry. Pig farm keepers should have a sense of responsibility, and constantly learn feeding management techniques, and carefully make breeding records.