The same is the pig, some people raise sows can produce more than 15 pigs per litter, and some people raise sows but can only produce a few piglets. At present, the price of pigs is at a high level, and a weaned pig can sell for more than 1,000 yuan. If the number of litters produced by a litter is different by 5, the income is five or six thousand yuan, not a small amount. Most pig farmers want their sows to be productive, but they don't have a way to do it, and they even use the wrong method. Today, let's talk about how to increase the number of sows and make the farm more profitable!
Several factors affect the number of litters in sows:
1. Genetic quality
Excellent boars with strong physique, energetic energy, strong libido, good semen quality and offspring of 3-8 sows with a large number of litters and a large weaning nest should be selected for breeding purposes. Selected individuals must have typical characteristics of this variety.
2. Body shape and appearance
Gilts reserved for breeding should have a flat or slightly inclined back, high and open limbs, a large and loose abdomen, and poor fertility for sows with excessive abdominal contractions. The nipples are neatly arranged and full, there can be no blind nipples, paraperms, etc., and the effective number of nipples is 6-8 pairs. The vulva is moderately sized and droopy.
3. Reasonable selection
Breed selection provides the basis for selection, and reasonable selection produces excellent offspring, which also provides conditions for breed selection. Inbreeding should be prevented when selecting, so as to avoid early death of embryos or inferior offspring, affecting the economic returns of pig farms. The preferences of pig producers in the region and surrounding areas should also be taken into account to determine hybrid combinations. It is usually customary to use local pig breeds with early selective maturity, large number of ovulation and strong adaptability as the mother, and select pig breeds such as Duroc, York, and Changbai as the father to produce binary or ternary hybrid piglets to improve the competitiveness of the product market.
The age and number of fetuses of sows have a greater impact on the reproduction rate. Usually sows have fewer litters in the first litter, the second litter begins to increase, the reproduction rate of 3-8 litters is the highest, and the reproduction rate begins to decline after 9 litters (different breeds vary slightly). In the basic sow herd of the general pig farm, 35% of the sows aged 1.5-2 should be accounted for, the sows aged 2-4 should account for more than 50%, the sows over 4 years old are below 15%, and the average fetal number of sows in the whole field is controlled at 4-5 births. The utilization period of the sow individual should not be too long, and the sow herd should be updated according to the proportion of 20%-25% every year, the elderly sow should be eliminated in time, and the gilt should be supplemented in a timely manner to ensure the reasonable age and fetal structure of the breeding group sow, so as to effectively improve the reproduction rate.
Effective measures to increase the number of sows:
1. Careful management
Establish a normal management system; often keep the house clean and dry, moderate light and movement and fresh air is conducive to promoting sow estrus ovulation; regular weighing to adjust the amount of feed, so that the sow maintains the physical condition of the breeding.
(1) Accurate identification, timely breeding
Whether the estrus identification of sows is accurate and whether the mating time is appropriate has a great impact on the fertility rate and the number of litters. In order to achieve timely breeding, it is necessary to consider the ovulation law of the sow in estrus and the time it takes for sperm and eggs to live in the sow's reproductive tract. The best time for breeding is 8-12 hours after the sow has a static reflex, but due to differences in breed, age, nutritional status, season and individual ovulation time, it should be flexible when determining the mating time.
(2) Appropriate matching methods and breeding times
It is best to breed 2-3 times during a estrus period of sows, which can significantly improve the fertility rate and littering. In actual production, farms (households) can choose the appropriate method according to conditions and needs.
The promotion and application of new breeding technologies has played a huge role in improving the fertility of sows, such as the promotion of the application of b-ultrasound machines in pig farms and artificial insemination technology. The application of b-super machine can determine whether the sow is successfully bred at more than 20 days of counterweight.
2. Reasonable nutritional level
Gilts are in the growth and development stage, and the sows are in a state of intense production all year round, so the sows should be supplied with comprehensive nutrients before the normal mating of sows (that is, the breeding preparation period) to maintain a moderate breeding condition.
(1) Control of the stomach
The mating condition that is conducive to sow estrus, ovulation, and conception is 7-8 adults. If the sow is overweight, the appearance of "crotch meat" or "jaw meat" often leads to abnormal estrus, a decrease in the number of ovulation, a low fertility rate, and a small number of litters. If it is too thin, the stomach is less than 60%, the sow spine and ribs are exposed, it is difficult to have normal estrus and conception, and the overly thin sow often carries a certain disease, and even must not be eliminated prematurely. The first method of controlling the condition is to look at the feeding of the fat, and the feeding amount should be appropriately increased for sows with many litters and high lactation rates and sows with poor prenatal fat; for sows with fewer litters, good skin conditions and low lactation rate, the feeding amount should be controlled.
(2) Adopt the method of short-term optimal feeding
Before breeding, thinner sows and gilts, short-term excellent feeding before breeding, as soon as possible to achieve breeding condition and normal estrus, ovulation; long-term addition of Longchang bile acid in sow feed, bile acid as a digestive solution, can improve the sow's digestion and absorption of nutrients in the feed, as a drainage liquid can remove the accumulated toxins in the pig's body, give the sow a "bath" from the inside to the outside, improve the health of the sow, effectively improve the fertility of the sow, improve the economic benefits of the pig farm.