In 347 AD, when Later Zhao, which had been established in the Central Plains, was fighting under the rule of the tyrant Shi Hu, in Shudi, the State of Chenghan, one of the Sixteen Kingdoms seen by Li Xiong of the Huan Dynasty, had been quietly attacked by the Eastern Jin general Huan Wen. However, the power of the Kryptonians did not die, and there was another clique of the Kryptonian tribes that were still struggling to survive in the most chaotic northern Central Plains at that time. The leader of this force was Gong Hong, who was also the founder of the former Qin Empire, one of the Sixteen Kingdoms.
Gong Hong (苻洪), also spelled Guangshi (廣世), whose real name was Pu Hong (蒲洪), has been a chieftain of the Yu clan for generations. From the Rebellion of the Eight Kings to the Rebellion of Yongjia, during this period, Gonghong and the Yu tribe to which they belonged were always in the stage of self-preservation, and they basically did not participate in that period of chaos. In 310, Liu Cong, the second emperor of Former Zhao, sent emissaries to issue an edict appointing Gonghong, making him a general of Pingyuan, but Xianghong did not accept it. Instead, he called himself The Lieutenant of the Guardian School, the Assassin of Qinzhou, and the Duke of Luoyang. The first of these posts is a military post; the second is a civilian post, the chief inspector; and the third is a knighthood. From this, we can more or less see that at this time, What Gong Hong actually wanted to do was to protect himself. However, it was also obvious that he dared to pretend that he was dissatisfied with the Western Jin Dynasty and Former Zhao at that time, and even the war at that time.
In 319, Liu Yao proclaimed himself emperor in Chang'an, at this time the Western Jin Dynasty had been extinguished, and only Former Zhao was left in the northern dynasty, and at the instigation of his people, Gong Hong surrendered to Former Zhao and was given the title of Marquis of Yi.
After Xiang Hong returned to Liu Yao, he did not usher in the peace he wanted. In 328, former Zhao Emperor Liu Yao was captured in a battle with Later Zhao and later killed, and Gong Hong led the Qi people to retreat to Longshan to protect themselves. In 329 AD, Shi Hu, who was then the general of Later Zhao, led his troops to attack all the way and collected the old land of Former Zhao. When the soldiers were approaching the city, Hou Zhao was appointed to supervise the Liuyi military and champion general.
In 333, Shi Le died and was succeeded by the crown prince Shi Hong, but soon Shi Hu usurped power and abused the government, perhaps Beng Hong felt the danger again, and called himself yongzhou assassin history, and went west to cling to the Han regime of Qianliang, one of the Sixteen Kingdoms. Shi Hu then sent his Han general Ma Hong to attack Shi Hong, who again surrendered to Shi Hu. Everyone must have been disdained by The Repeated Villainous Acts of Gong Hong, but the subsequent history reveals two important messages to us.
The first message was that the strength that Xiang Hong could control at that time was not weak, otherwise with Shi Hu's brutality, he would not accept the re-surrender of a repeat person.
The second message stemmed from the suggestion made to Shi Hu by Gong Hong after the surrender. Shi Hu suggested that Shi Hu fill the perimeter of the capital with the Qiang and Qiang tribes in Guanzhong to ensure the safety of Later Zhao's rear. And Xiang Hong assured Shi Hu that he had great prestige among the Haoqiang, Qi, and Qiang tribes in Guanzhong, and if Shi Hu agreed to this suggestion, they would all agree. As a result, Shi Hu agreed, and more than 100,000 households of the Guanzhong and Qiang ethnic groups moved to the Kanto region en masse.
For Shi Hu, letting Zhihong leave the Guanzhong area that he had been operating for many years was obviously moving the foundation of Zhihong, so letting the Zhihong family move inland could enrich the population around the capital city on the one hand, and it was more conducive to controlling Zhihong on the other hand. And why did Xiang Hong make such a suggestion? In fact, the purpose is obvious, it is still to protect their own people, to keep them away from the core of the war, and to survive in the rear, which seems safer so far.
In the chaotic world, cowardice and escape may be able to obtain temporary peace, but it is not the way to survive, for the safety of the clan, Gong Hong chose to make himself a "repetitive villain", but this is definitely not the real Gong Hong.
When the tribesmen moved into the safer rear, he could finally be himself. And there is no doubt that the best way to protect the clan at this time should be to ensure the interests of the Later Zhao State. Therefore, Gong Hong began to fight for Shi Hu everywhere. There are few records in the history books of which battles Xianghong specifically participated in, but we know that Zhihong was extremely valued under Shi Hu's tent and made many military achievements, and Shi Hu made him the Duke of Pingxi County, while under Shi Hong's tent, there were more than 2,000 generals who were sealed by Shi Hu, which was a very terrible military force.
Ran Min once commented on Shi Hu, saying that he was brilliant in intelligence, that the generals were willing to fight to the death for him, that his sons were outstanding, and that the 50,000 elite soldiers under Himhong were stationed near the capital and should be eliminated, otherwise it might affect the stability of the country. However, Shi Hu did not accept Ran Min's persuasion.
Perhaps his greatest strength was benevolence, for which he gained the support of his clan and thus retained his strength, becoming a military force to be reckoned with during the reign of Later Zhao Shihu. But in the midst of chaos, The biggest flaw of Gong Hong is also benevolence. Since in the history books, Hehongdo is mentioned as an appendage of Shi Hu and his grandson Zhijian, only two of his benevolent performances are recorded. The first performance of benevolence, Gong Hong almost lost his life, and the second benevolent directly lost his life.
His first act of kindness is recorded at the end of the Book of Jin, Zaiji, Chapter VI. It is well known that Shi Hu is an absolute tyrant, and Xiang Hong is actually not accustomed to Shi Hu's cruelty, so he advises Shi Hu. He first used what the Holy Lord should do and what the king of the subjugated country would do to make Shi Hu pay attention to his words and deeds, and then directly pointed out that Shi Hu often went out to hunt luxuriously, robbed people's wives and daughters, took 100,000 harems, built a lot of civil engineering, did not build roads, and severely punished and cruel laws, and urged Shi Hu to pay attention to improvement. In this suggestion, Gong Hong broke through the limitation of only focusing on the safety of the clan and turned his attention to the world. In front of the tyrant Shi Hu, it is necessary to have confidence to say these words, but it also takes courage. After the advice, the history books recorded that Shi Hu was displeased, but he was afraid that GongHong's strength was too strong, so he just turned around and went back to the palace to sleep, and did not accept or cure Gonghong's sins. It can be imagined that if it were not for the strong military strength of ZhiHong himself, I am afraid that only this time, Xianghong would already be a dead man.
The second mercy of Ran Hong was after Ran Min usurped the throne, and at this time Zhi Hong had broken with Ran Min and nominally surrendered to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, claiming to be a great general, Da Dan Yu, and the King of Three Qin. On his way, Ma Hong encountered the Han general Ma Qiu on his way back to Beijing on ran min's orders, and before that, Ma Qiu had killed the Hu general near his garrison in response to Ran Min's "Order to Kill Hu". In an encounter with Ma Qiu, Ma Qiu was captured. Gong Hong's subordinates had advised Ma Qiu to kill Ma Qiu, because judging from the fact that Ma Qiu killed the Hu generals at the first time in response to the "Killing Hu Order", he was a person who hated the Hu clan and could not be used by Gong Hong, because Gong Hong was a Hu person, and he was also a Hu person. However, Gong Hong still kept Ma Qiu in the army and made him his own military division. Soon, Ma Qiu set up a banquet to entertain Gong Hong, poisoned him in the wine, and poisoned and killed Him.
In 350 AD, He Hongxue was 66 years old.
Before his death, Gong Hong left a last word to Shizi Jian Jian: "The Central Plains are not occupied by your brothers, the terrain in Guanzhong is dangerous, and after I die, you will immediately enter the pass to the west." Obviously, this was not Gong Hong's original plan, because not long ago he also said to Dr. Hu Wen: "I led an army of 100,000 people to occupy a geographically superior place, and it was easy to destroy Ran Min and Murong Xianbei, and Yao Xiang's father and son were also in my calculations, and it was easier for me to take the world than it was for Han Gaozu to win the world." On the verge of death, Gong Hong put away his ambitions and thought again about how to protect his tribe.
His descendants obeyed his last words and marched westward into the pass, where his son would establish a state, Former Qin; his descendants also inherited his former ambitions, and soon after, Gong Hong's grandson Jian Jian would bring the Former Qin Empire to unify the north. However, the sad thing is that many of the descendants of ZhiHong will also inherit the "fault" of Xianghong's benevolence to the enemy, and the tragedy of Xianghong will be staged.
ps. The last article wrote Ran Min, xiaobian I have been questioned a lot, it is estimated that this article is going to be said by many people to beautify foreign people. Here I say a few words: First of all, I am a Han nationality, and I have no intention of beautifying foreign nationalities, because in today's people, these five Huduo have been integrated into the Han nationality; secondly, I just want to talk about the history in my eyes from the perspective of people, not seeking everyone's approval, but objectively the historical attitude I hope; finally, Xiaobian is not a historian, so it is inevitable that there will be omissions in the examination, and everyone is welcome to correct it.