【Shaodong Geographical Name Dictionary】Heitianpu Town, located in the north of Shaodong County, east of Lianqiao Town, south of Huangpiqiao Township, Songjiatang, Dahetang Subdistrict Office, west of Niumasi Town, north of Xinshao County Chenjiafang Town, Taizhimiao Township border. Kurodapu Town has always been an important town in Baoqing Province, and in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was the first of the four famous shops in Baoqing Province, and once had the reputation of "East Road Black Field Shop". The traffic location advantage of Heitianpu Town is obvious, and it is 2 kilometers south of Shaodong New Railway Station. Through Luting Avenue, Jianshe North Road, Mingzhu Avenue, Hengbao Road, Jinlong Bridge and the county town and towns are connected, Loushao Railway, Huaishaoheng Railway, Shanghai-Kunming Expressway, 320 National Highway, 223 Provincial Highway in the east-west direction through the border.
(Zidong College)
The ancient yidao road from Shaoyang to Changsha is commonly known as Baoqingfu Dadong Road. Starting from Shaoyang City, traveling seventy miles east to the junction of the northern part of present-day Shaodong County and Xinshao County, there is a post station called Heitianpu.
From the Western Han Dynasty to the Ming and Qing dynasties, Shaoyang gradually completed the post road. On the post road from Shaoyang City to Sifang, Heitianpu on East Road, Wufengpu on South Road, YankouPu on West Road, and JukouPu on North Road are known as the "Four Famous Shops of Baoqing". The shuttle of merchants on the post road brought the prosperity of Kurodapu, and people sometimes said that "more than a thousand guests a day, eight hundred people stay overnight". When li Zonghan, a qing dynasty literary scholar, stayed at Kuroda Shop, he also wrote a poem that reads, "Kuroda people are quiet and cruel, and they travel in vain to travel at night without being frightened.". According to historical records, in the twenty-fifth year of Qing Jiaqing (1820), Kurodapu had 54 shops such as Nanzao, Cloth, Medicine, Restaurant, inn and so on, and was one of the most prosperous market towns on Dadong Road at that time.
Regarding the origin of the place name of Kurodapu, legend has it that during the Tang Dynasty, there was a spike shop here to repair spiked shoes for passing merchants. There is an ancient fir tree next to the spike shop, and there is a downwind ball on the tree, which shines every night, illuminating the spikers to make spikes, so people call this the light shop. Later, a thief passing by this place stole the downwind ball, and the night of the spike shop was dark, so it was renamed Kuroda Shop. But the legend is a legend after all, not necessarily reliable, because according to another version, the name of Kurodapu did not exist until the Yuan Dynasty. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Baoqing guarded the general Tang LongDao, who presided over the reconstruction of Dadong Road, and set up a new post station and camp here. After the station was repaired, his men asked him to name it. Tang Longdao thought about it and said that pedestrians set off from Shaoyang City at dawn, and it was just evening when they arrived here, and the sky would be dark, so this place would be called Black Sky Shop. Because of the harmony between "heaven" and "field", this place was later called Kuroda Shop. The latter claim seems more credible.
In fact, during the Two Song Dynasties, this place was once called Fir Shop. The Song Dynasty poet Chen Youyi, who came to Shaoyang to visit another poet, Zhou Jingzhi, wrote two poems while passing by this place. One is "Will go to the cedar to look at the savage dwelling": "Spring wind desert savage dwelling, if you can make poetry I am not as good." Several trees cover the official road, and a tree of peach blossoms reflects the grass. The other is "Xiaofa Fir": "Gu ze spring is light, Gao Lin is dewy." One after another, the world's affairs, the lonely water's edge. The guest withered his sideburns, and the Tian family was born from his life. There are poems that are still forgotten, but there is no wine but thoughts. According to the Qing Dynasty philologist Deng Xianhe, the fir shop in these two poems is the later Kuroda shop.
Judging from the description in Chen Youyi's poems, the fir shops of the Song Dynasty were still quite desolate, but the place names of the fir shops went down in history because of Chen Youyi's poems. In the "Records of Xinjiang" in Qing Daoguang's "Baoqing Fu Zhi", after the place name of "Kuroda Pu", it is specially recorded that "there are ancient fir shops". He also quoted the famous Scholar of the Qing Dynasty and Ningxiang Huang Benji's "Hunan Wuzhi: Three Long Things Zhai Chang Shu": "From Xiangxiang Yongfeng City into Shaoyang Realm, there are two ancient fir plants, frost skin faded, iron pole high support, large more than ten fences, high ten zhang, small branches under the whisk, there is a dragon claw hollowing out the momentum. The dead wood of the earth people has been dead for a hundred years, and it is still standing as iron. Ten miles, there are two fir trees, tall and similar, wrinkled skin and bald leaves, business is fragile, but not as good as the left dry plant can enter the painting realm. The "Baoqing Fu Zhi" also spared no expense in including chen and yi's two poems and dozens of poems of the people of the time. The circulation of these precious pens and inks has added a lot of cultural undertones to Kuroda shop.
(Locust Flushing Water Diversion Project)
Kuroda's evolution from an ancient inn to a place of humanity began with the advent of a shogunate. Due to its location at the southern end of the famous "bandit nest" Longshan Mountain Range, Kurodapu was once plagued by bandits, so the Qing Dynasty government set up an inspection department here. Although the Inspection Department was a local military organization, its two inspectors during the Daoguang years enthusiastically advocated running the school, thus opening up the kuroda shop side. In the early years of Daoguang, Kuroda Inspector Jiang Yong advocated the establishment of a volunteer school (free school), and xie Junchen, a local, took the lead in donating five acres and two cents of land. Later, due to Jiang Yong's resignation, the Yixue could not be completed. In the seventh year of Daoguang (1927), he succeeded Inspector Shen Dengwu to relay the school and advocated the construction of the East Academy, which received a positive response from locals Xie Ruping and Liu Qingxi. Liu Qingxi was seventy years old, and his family had planned to make him a birthday. After learning the news of the donation to revitalize the university, he resolutely persuaded his family to cancel the birthday banquet and generously donated eight acres of land to run the school, which was rumored to be a beautiful talk for a while. Under their influence, people from all walks of life enthusiastically donated and raised more than 60 acres of school fields.
Zidong Academy was originally built in Kurodapu Maple Pass, the name of the school was written by the local calligraphy celebrity Xie Gangwu, and the two sides of the school gate were equipped with "Zishui Source Association, Dongshan Road High", which is quite cultural. The college has 3 heads, the affairs of the college are presided over by the mountain chief (principal), the appointment of people is the teaching, and the manager is set up to manage the affairs. Most of the students are the children of rich families, and the content of learning is mainly Confucian classics. Teaching and studying occasionally or explaining the scriptures, students mainly read by themselves, they can ask the scriptures at any time, and the propositions of the mountain chiefs write essays on the tenth day. Essay January 1 general evaluation, the top give rewards. As one of the most prestigious colleges in Shaoyang at that time, Zidong Academy also attached great importance to social welfare, and poor students in the surrounding villages, even if they did not study at Zidong Academy, could also go to the academy to receive essays.
In the sixteenth year of Daoguang (1836), the government abolished the Kuroda Shop Inspection Department. Tang Renjie, an employee of the college, wrote to request that the old site of the Inspection Department be transferred to Zidong College to run the school, and the government government permission was obtained. Zidong College was then relocated to the old site of the Inspection Department. The Maple Pass school building was converted into a gazebo, named the Shuxiang Pavilion, for passers-by on the post road to rest. For more than 20 years, the college was closed for a while. In the Xianfeng Decade (1860), the locals Yao Xiyong and Xie Shuchi advocated the restoration of Zidong Academy, which was supported by the government, and later raised more than 500 acres of school land, and the academy was restored, and it continued to study until the Guangxu period. During the Republic of China period, Zidong Academy was transformed into a new-style school. In 1935, due to insufficient funds, it was closed again. Later, Chen Guangzhong, commander of the 63rd Division of the Nationalist Army, donated 2,000 yuan of French tender and resumed the school in 1937.
From the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, Zidong Academy produced many elite figures, such as He Jinsheng, the leader of the anti-foreign religious movement in the late Qing Dynasty, Kuang Husheng, the student leader of the May Fourth Movement, and Xie Boyu, a pioneer of the Communist Party of China. An interesting phenomenon is that these elites are almost all revolutionaries. The deep reason for this is not only related to the strong and domineering personality characteristics of Shaoyang people, but also related to the spiritual pursuit of "high morality" of Zidong Academy.
In addition to the sound of books, Kuroda Shop is also full of humanistic care. In the era of underdeveloped traffic, passers-by wanted to find a place to rest when they were tired, and when it rained, they wanted to find a place to avoid the rain. The gazebo next to the mountain road is a symbol of the quaint folk customs of a place. Located on the main road of traffic, Kuroda Shop used to have many pavilions, and some of the pavilions were also taken care of. The Shuxiang Pavilion on the former site of Zidong College is rented to a family and taken care of by the residents. The college has made a stipulation that every year from the Dawn to the Mid-Autumn Festival, residents must burn tea and supply water to facilitate the convenience of pedestrians. In order to subsidize the lack of living conditions of the households, Zidong College gave the residents a small amount of land. Unfortunately, the Shuxiang Pavilion no longer exists.
(Kangfu pavilion)
The Kangfu Pavilion and Huifeng Pavilion that have survived to this day have become a local scenery. Located on the Kangfu Ridge, kangfu pavilion is famous for its four pairs of yanglian. The Yang Lian of the South Gate is: "Recreation and affection, passing by and thinking of the prosperous world; Fu Cai relieved difficulties, and pedestrians enjoy the south wind." The north gate of the Yang Lian is: "Kang Quli drove, suspended the horse's foot; Fuling is more lush, try to see the Dragon Mountain." The link on the inner wall of the pavilion is: "It is difficult to calm down the upper ridge, it is difficult to calm down the mountain, sit for a few minutes, calm the breath; lift the husband to rest the shoulders, the porters want to breathe, slow down a few steps, rest the shoulders." On the other side of the inner wall of the pavilion, there is also a link: "The forest stone here is quite good, and the horse ring is stationed, temporarily washing the dust and looking at the eyes; since the ancient Guanshan Mountain is difficult to cross, just feel the time to promote things, so as to take advantage of the powder wall to send leisure." "When you are resting in the pavilion, you can enjoy these links by the way, which is endlessly evocative and emotional. Kangfu Pavilion is now listed as a municipal cultural relics protection unit.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Shaoyang County was divided into 18 townships and 56 capitals, and Kurodapu belonged to Anshangdu. In the 24th year of the Republic of China, the armor protection system was implemented, and Kuroda laid Baoshan Township. After the establishment of Shaodong County in 1952, Kurodapu was the seat of the 15th District Office. In 1958, Kurodapu People's Commune was established, which was changed to a township in 1984 and a township in 2013. Although it is a township in Shaodong that was relatively late to withdraw from the township and set up a town, the economic development momentum of Kurodapu is gratifying, and it has now formed two major industrial clusters of wood processing and garment processing. Due to the proximity to the county seat, as the development direction of Shaodong County moves east to north, it is expected that it will not be long before Kurodapu will be integrated with the county seat.
Humanistic convergence, using these four words to describe Kuroda Shop, is very appropriate. (Text/Xie Zhidong)
(Jin Yuting)