Soon it will be the beginning of the winter of the ninth, and many strawberry stubble fruits of berries are ripening and picking. Two stubble fruit buds have been extended, in such a stubble period, management should pay attention to the management of the fruit, can not ignore the management of strawberry plants, today we will share it, how to manage strawberries at this stage?
Flowers and fruits
First, to ensure a reasonable temperature
The temperature mentioned here includes two aspects, one is the temperature in the shed, and the other is the temperature of the soil in the shed.
Some time ago, the temperature in the south is higher than usual, some places such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other night temperatures can also be guaranteed at about 10 degrees, some berry friends at night also put the vent in the shed closed to death, in fact, the night temperature is too high for strawberry growth is not good, such a night temperature can not close the vent. The following are the different temperature requirements of strawberries at each stage of growth, you can refer to.
Budding period: 25 °C ~ 26 °C during the day, 10 °C at night; the temperature should not be too high at night, more than 13 degrees will lead to axillary bud germination and degeneration, and the development of the female stamens is hindered.
Flowering period: 23 °C ~ 25 °C during the day, 10 °C at night;
Fruit expansion period: 20 °C to 25 °C during the day and 6 °C to 7 °C at night;
Harvest period: 23 °C ~ 25 °C during the day, 5 °C at night is appropriate.
If the plants in the shed appear to be thriving, a lower temperature management can be adopted, suitable for 20-23 degrees during the day 6-8 degrees at night, if the plant is weak and small, the temperature can be appropriately increased, and 22-24 degrees during the day it is suitable for 8-10 degrees at night. High temperatures are used to promote plant growth.
The second is to maintain a reasonable soil temperature, the appropriate temperature for strawberry root growth is about 20 °C, the length of the root below 15 °C becomes slower, and the nutrient absorption below 10 °C is limited (especially the absorption of phosphorus, so pay attention to the appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer at low temperature time).
When watering in winter, the water temperature outside the shed is very low, at this time, if you use cold water outside the shed to water, it is easy to cause the ground temperature to be too low to hurt the root, and once the capillary root that absorbs nutrients is damaged, it is prone to many physiological diseases, such as yellow leaves, falling flowers, etc. Excessive one-time watering should be avoided, and do not water before the cold tide. It is best to build a cistern in the greenhouse or put in a few more large buckets, and first raise the temperature of the water through the reservoir before watering.
Control the temperature
Second, humidity management
After the plant is budding, the humidity in the shed should be appropriately reduced, especially the relative humidity during the flowering period should be 40-50%, the humidity is too large, the strawberry anther prescribing rate and germination rate are low, which is not conducive to strawberry pollination and fertilization; the relative humidity in other periods should be controlled at 60% to 70%. Overcast fog, rain and snow weather, low temperature, poor light, poor ventilation conditions in the shed, resulting in excessive humidity in the shed, bringing an ideal environment to diseases such as gray mold and white powder. When the humidity in the greenhouse is too large, we can use ventilation to regulate it.
Third, reasonable leaf beating and flower thinning
During the strawberry fruit picking period, plant management should be strengthened, and old leaves, dead leaves, diseased leaves, axillary buds and creeping stems should be removed in time. Removing leaves is conducive to ventilation and light transmission, reduce unnecessary nutrient consumption, reduce the occurrence of gray mold, so that the fruit can fully see the light, but the leaves should not be too much, as long as the plant grows normally, the leaf function is sound, and the conditions of ventilation and light transmission are met, the leaves can not be removed. In contrast, the seedlings that often go to the old leaves grow vigorously, while the seedlings that do not go to the old leaves bloom more and stubble continuously. However, this also varies from variety to variety, and Sweet Charlie must pick old leaves to stimulate the differentiation of flower buds.
The leaves that are plucked should be bagged out of the greenhouse in time and treated centrally, and should not be stacked in the greenhouse, causing the spread of diseases and insect pests. If you find that there are powdery mildew and other diseased leaves, you should also remove them in time, and put them into the bag as soon as possible after removal, and take them out of the greenhouse in time.
Beat the leaves reasonably
Rational flower thinning can reduce the consumption of nutrients and promote plant growth. If the excess flowers and fruits are not removed in time, it will affect the growth of strawberries and cause premature plant aging. Depending on the growth of the plant, 5-8 fruits are retained per inflorescence, and the number of fruits retained by each strawberry plant should also be considered comprehensively considered by factors such as strawberry varieties, colonization density, and soil fertility.
Generally speaking, the first inflorescence of "Zhangji" varieties can leave 6-7 fruits, the first inflorescence of "Red Face" varieties can leave 3-4 fruits, and the second and third inflorescences can leave more fruits in moderation. When the young fruit is green, the deformed fruit and the diseased and insect fruit are removed in time, which can make the fruit shape neat and the rate of commercial fruit increase.
Fourth, it is a reasonable supply of fertilizer water
Fertilization in production should be comprehensively considered according to the growth of plants and different growth periods and soil fertility, do not blindly, and achieve a balanced and appropriate amount due to seedlings.
First, the equilibrium water-soluble fertilizer plus root-rooting fertilizer is applied, because the first stubble of the plant consumes a lot of nutrients, and the nitrogen in the balance fertilizer can provide material guarantee for the growth and development of stems and leaves, and nitrogen is also an important component of the formation of protein in strawberries and chlorophyll in leaves, laying the foundation for the yield of stubble fruit. However, the amount of application should not be too much, if the partial application of nitrogen fertilizer will lead to the flavor of the strawberry fruit is lighter, the color is not good. If a large amount of high-potassium fertilizer is applied at this time, other elements cannot be satisfied, and it will not be long before the plant growth is bound to weaken.
Therefore, the first stubble fruit has been harvested, should be applied to the balanced water-soluble fertilizer 4-8 kg + em bacteria soybean fermentation liquid, or balanced water-soluble fertilizer 4-8 kg plus humic acid fertilizer or seaweed fertilizer, etc., in the case of sufficient organic matter to apply fermentation microbial fertilizer, not only can promote root growth, but also in the rhizosphere to form a beneficial bacteria protection circle, inhibit the occurrence of root diseases. This prolongs the fruiting period and prevents premature attenuation.
The second is the use of foliar fertilization, and nutrients quickly enter the plant through the leaves, which can effectively solve the problem of nutritional deficiency in strawberries. Strawberries have a large demand for calcium, and can be applied several times alone with calcium-containing foliar fertilizers, such as calcium-magnesium-boron fertilizers, and can also spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, amino acids, chitin foliar fertilizers, which can not only supplement nutrition, but also improve the stress resistance of plants.
Early stages of gray mold
Fifth, timely prevention and control of diseases and insect pests
Strawberry flowering and fruiting period, gray mold and powdery mildew high incidence, in the daily tube we have to enter the shed every day to carefully observe, seize the early stage of the disease, in the north, especially in the morning after pulling the curtain to the front of the shed, under the air outlet, near the door of the plant to carefully observe, to see if there are any spots on the buds and fruits on the stems and leaves, whether there is a peculiar smell. Because these places have low temperature and high humidity, they are high incidence areas of disease. If there is an abnormal situation, then this is generally the initial stage of the disease, and there are only sporadic plant diseases, at this time, after removing the diseased leaves and even pulling out the diseased plants, topical medication can control the disease in the smallest range, which can greatly reduce the amount of medication.
The prevention and control of insect pests can be used to trap thrips, aphids, whiteflies, etc. using yellow plates and blue plates, and can be applied from the buckle film. At the same time, it is necessary to make full use of biological agents for prevention, such as nocturnal moths corufleurella, aphids, thrips can choose ethyl polybactericide, neem, matrine and so on. Red spiders control by dropping predatory mites. To ensure the safety of strawberries.