Emperor Liu Yu of the Song Dynasty (16 April 363 – 26 June 422), courtesy name Deyu , courtesy name Ji Nu , was a Han Chinese whose ancestral home was Suiyuli ( present-day Tongshan , Jiangsu ) in Pengcheng County , and was born in Jingkou ( present-day Zhenjiang ) , and had twice made great contributions to the Northern Expedition to retake Luoyang and Chang'an. Outstanding politician, reformer, and military man, the founding prince of the Liu Song Dynasty. In the third year of Yu Long'an, he joined the army to revolt, calmed the internal war, and successively eliminated Liu Yi, Lu Xun, Sima Xiuzhi and other separatist forces, so that the southern region had a unified situation that had not been seen in a hundred years. It devoted itself to the Northern Expedition and eliminated the states of Huanchu, Western Shu, Southern Yan, and Later Qin. During his administration, he learned the lessons of the former dynasty's tyrants and tyranny, curbed the merger of the powerful and powerful, implemented the local judgment, straightened out the rule of officials, reused the cold door, lightly dispensed with the thin endowment, abolished the harsh laws, and improved the political and social situation. He made significant contributions to the economic development of Jiangnan and the protection and development of Han culture, and was known as the "First Emperor of the Southern Dynasty".
Chronology of the characters
In 363 AD, Liu Yu was born.
In 404, Liu Yu quelled Huan Xuan's rebellion and became the last vassal of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
In 409, Liu Yu went north and destroyed Southern Yan.
From 405 --- 415 AD, Liu Yu eliminated the major separatist forces in the south, unified the south, and achieved the unprecedented unification of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasty.
In 416, Liu Yu again went on the Northern Expedition and defeated Later Qin.
In 420, Liu Yu established himself as The Jin Dynasty and established the Liu Song Dynasty.
In 422, Liu Yu fell ill and died.
Biography
Emperor Gaozuwu of song (363 – June 422), courtesy name Liu Yu (劉裕), courtesy name Zhiyu (字德縣), was born in March of the first year of Xingning. His ancestors were a native of Pengcheng (present-day Xuzhou, Jiangsu), and later his ancestors moved to Jingkou (present-day Zhenjiang, Jiangsu), where Liu Yu was born. According to the Book of Song: Benji of Emperor Wu, Liu Yu was the twenty-first grandson of Liu Jiao, the younger brother of Liu Bang of Han Gaozu, the Prince of Chuyuan. The founder of the Song Dynasty during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, known in history as Emperor Wu of Song. Outstanding politician, outstanding military figure, and commander in China's history. Liu Yulong'an joined the army in the third year (399), and in 413, Liu Yu destroyed the rebellion of Yizhou. Internally, he went south to defeat Lu Xun and retake Guangzhou; conquered Jiangling and killed the divider Liu Yi; took Chengdu and destroyed the divider; and directly attacked Xiangyang and drove out the divider Sima Xiuzhi. After the fall of Yixi in the thirteenth year (417), on July 10, 420 (June 14 of the first year of the reign of Emperor Wu of Song), Liu Yu deposed Sima Dewen, the Gong Emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and established himself as emperor, with the state name of Great Song, The Capital Jiankang, and the Southern Dynasty began. A series of reform measures were carried out before and after emperor, which further cracked down on the corrupt and dark aristocratic and scholar forces, improved the political and social conditions, laid a solid foundation for the rule of Yuan Jia, and also laid the rudiments of southern dynasty politics. He was praised by the great thinker Li Zhen of the Ming Dynasty as "the prince of the rejuvenation of the chaotic dynasty".
Biography
After Liu Yu put down the Huanxuan Rebellion, starting from the fifth year of Yixi (409 AD), he led troops to conquest and carried out a unified war to eliminate the separatist forces. He successively attacked Southern Yan (around present-day Henan and Lu), killed Murong Chao, the king of Southern Yan, and retaken Qingzhou; defeated Lu Xun and retaken Guangzhou; conquered Jiangling and killed the divider Liu Yi; took Chengdu and destroyed the divider Yu Zhong; and directly attacked Xiangyang and drove out the divider Sima Xiuzhi. In the eleventh year of Yixi (415 AD), since Huan Xuan rebelled, all the major separatist forces in the south were destroyed, and the south was unified. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, all of it was ruled by Liu Yu's forces. The Eastern Jin Dynasty has long since ceased to exist in name only.
Performance in power
During Liu Yu's reign, he learned the lesson of the former turkic tyrants and tyranny, suppressed the merger of the powerful and powerful, and took many measures to consolidate the throne, which also showed the governing ability of this entrepreneurial king.
In terms of official rule, Liu Yu stipulated in March of the second year of the Yongchu Dynasty (421) that "the capital of Jingzhou shall not exceed 2,000 people, and the number of officials shall not exceed 10,000; the number of officials in the prefecture shall not exceed 500, and the number of officials shall not exceed 5,000." Soldiers are not limited here" (Book of The Book of Song and Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty). This was due to the fact that in the last years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, officials were indiscriminately placed, which brought a heavy burden to the people, and Liu Yu promptly stopped this. In terms of the legal system, Liu Yu also reformed the harsh criminal law since the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and in the first month of the third year of the Yongchu Dynasty (422), he issued an edict that "the punishment is not serious, and all are originally surrendered" ("Song Shu Wu Benji"). Liu Yu was very concerned about the lives of the people, and ordered tax reductions and exemptions on many occasions, such as in August of the same year, "renting cloth for two years" (Book of Song? Emperor Wu of Benji)." When pacifying Liu Yi, he also ordered tax reductions and exemptions. All slaves who had been requisitioned for the needs of the war were also returned.
Although Liu Yuben traveled in the army and did not have much literacy, he attached great importance to education. In the first month of the third year of the Yongchu Dynasty (422), he issued an edict: "The founding of the ancients, the teaching is the first, the promotion of the wind and the training of the world, Mo is still here; Therefore, from the Sheng King, until modern times, Mo Bu Dun revered the art of learning and built the Order. Since the beginning of the past, the horses are in the suburbs, the flag is rolled up, and the day is not time to give. Therefore, the school was abandoned, the chanting was defiant, the military was kept, the beans were hidden, and the wind of training and seduction would fall to the ground. Later generations were afraid of the wall, so the old man sighed at Zi Zhen. This "National Wind" is therefore Yongsi, and "Xiaoya" is so nostalgic. The present king is slightly far away, the Huayu Zaiqing, the man who looks up to the wind, and the sun and the moon are in the hope. Cheap Bo Yan Zi, Tao Award Tong Meng, Select Confucian Officials, Hongzhen Guoxue. The Lord examines the old texts and implements them in a timely manner" (Book of Song?) Emperor Wu of Benji)." Thus consolidating the rule of the Song Dynasty, but also improving the social atmosphere. He was the emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Southern and Northern Dynasties, who was quite accomplished, the most accomplished, and the most accomplished. The reforms he made promoted the progress of society and promoted the development of history.
In the second year of Yuan Xi (420), he was proclaimed emperor. At the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the masses rose up, the scriptures were scattered, he led his troops into the customs, widely collected the map books, plus the fuzang owned, only 4,000 volumes. He also ordered that the books of the red shaft green paper and the ancient characters should also be collected for posterity. It laid the foundation for the national collection of books in the Southern Dynasty and song dynasties. Reigned for 3 years, the temple number Gaozu.
Character reviews
The Battle of Shuishui in the Qin and Jin dynasties in 383 AD was an important turning point in the history of the Sixteen Kingdoms of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. After the war, the north was once again divided, war sprang up, and the Eastern Jin regime in the south did not cheer up in the face of the lucky victory, and the warrior clan represented by the Sima clan was extravagant and drunk, dismissed the wise ministers, and acted according to the people, so that "the Jin government was lax, the program was not disciplined, the Hao clan was longitudinal, and the small people were poor." Contradictions within the ruling clique, class contradictions, and national contradictions are intensifying day by day. At this time, Liu Yu, a landlord of the Hanmen Shu clan who was not attracting attention, "rose up from the cold", relied on military merit and the military power of the Northern Province in his hands, and stepped onto the stage of history, and he and the people around him formed a group of Han people warriors, creating a situation in which the Han people were in power. In 420 AD, the Eastern Jin Dynasty was destroyed and the first dynasty of the Southern Dynasty, the Liu Song Dynasty, was established. In the twenty years from Liu Yu's entry into power to become emperor, he adopted a series of effective measures in the political, economic, and military fields, vigorously rectifying the maladministration during the Jin Dynasty, strengthening the centralization of power, eradicating separatist forces, and striving to develop the economy. His son Liu Yilong (Emperor Wen of Song) continued Liu Yu's policies, and finally the "reign of Yuan Jia" appeared in the era of great rule in the period of division. At that time, the great statesman cui hao of the Northern Wei Dynasty once compared Liu Yu with Cao Cao, and he pointed out: "Liu Yu's peace and chaos, Sima Dezong's Cao Cao also." Wang Fuzhi, a thinker in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, believed: "Yuzhi is a contribution to the world, and a martyr to Cao Cao." The modern master Mr. Lu Xun said that he was the only monarch worthy of recognition in the Southern Dynasty.