Parasitic diseases are common in sheep

　Boer goats are herbivores, and if they are not careful in their daily feeding management, they often bring serious economic losses due to parasite infections. Sick sheep were light and emaciated, grew slowly, and productivity decreased; heavy ones died.

　　The prevention and control of parasitic diseases lies in strengthening the breeding management of sheep, paying attention to the hygiene of sheep houses, clean forage, and clean drinking water; enhancing the quality of sheep groups and improving resistance; treating sick sheep and eliminating pathogens inside and outside the body; fecal treatment, environmental insecticide, and eliminating pathogens in the external environment; and regular preventive deworming of sheep.

　　According to the characteristics of the parasite's life, it is generally dewormed once a year from April to May and from October to November. After a week of drug deworming, it is advisable to repel the larvae in the body so that the larvae in the body can be expelled. After deworming, attention should be paid to the collection of sheep manure, and centralized accumulation of fermentation treatment to prevent the spread of pathogens and cause repeated infections.

　　The various internal and external parasitic diseases to which Boer goats are susceptible and their specific treatments are described below.

1． Flaky trematodiasis

　　Flaky trematodiasis is one of the most predominant parasitic diseases in sheep. Caused by hepatic flaky trematodes and large flukes parasitizing the hepatic bile ducts. The disease is distributed all over the world, and our country is all over the world. It mainly harms sheep and cattle, and people can also be infected. Anaemia, acute or chronic hepatitis and cholangitis in infected goats, accompanied by systemic intoxication and nutritional disorders, are quite harmful, especially in young animals, which can cause mass deaths.

　　[Pathogen] Liver flaky flukes are brownish red when fresh, flattened, with a cone-like protrusion at the front, followed by the protrusion as the "shoulder", and the size of the worm is (20 to 35) mm× (5 to 13) mm. The eggs are (130 to 150) microns in size × (63 to 90) microns, oval, yellow or yellowish brown, the egg cap is not obvious, and the egg is filled with yolk cells and one embryo cell. The morphology of large-scale trematodes is similar to that of hepatic flaky trematodes, but its body is long-leaf-like, with a size of (33 to 76) mm × (5 to 12) mm, and the "shoulder" is not obvious. The eggs are large, (144-208) microns × (70-109) microns.

　　The eggs are excreted with the bile human intestine through the host feces, and the caterpillars hatch after 10 to 15 days under suitable conditions. Hairy larvae swim in the water, encounter the intermediate host vertebral snail (small snail, etc.), that is, drill into the human body, develop into a cystic lice, thunder cymbal to tail cystic escape from the snail, in the aquatic grass or water to form cysticer, sheep after eating infection. Child worms pass through the intestinal wall to the abdominal cavity in sheep, parasitize through the hepatic envelope of human liver and bile ducts, and may also pass through the mesenteric vein or the opening of the total bile ducts in the human liver. It takes 2 to 4 months for cystic butterflies to develop into adults, and adult parasitic lifespans of 3 to 5 years.

　　[Epidemiological characteristics] The epidemic of this disease is closely related to the infection of pasture contaminated by feces of diseased animals and the intermediate host of vertebral snails, so the disease is endemic, mostly occurring in low-lying and swampy areas of pastures. Water in the ground area after rain can increase the chance of infection in sheep, especially in rainy years or warm seasons with long droughts and rains, which can often promote outbreaks and epidemics of the disease. Summer and autumn are the main infectious seasons of the disease. Infection can occur while grazing grass or drinking raw water.

　　[Symptoms and lesions] cases of acute infection in sheep are caused by simultaneous infection of tens of thousands of cysticers, mostly in late summer and autumn, but are rare, sick sheep show elevated body temperature, bloating, ascites, severe anemia, and severe cases can die within a few days. Chronic cases are more common, more common in winter and spring, the diseased sheep are highly emaciated, the mucous membrane is pale, anemia, the eyes, face, jaw and subthoracoabdo are edema, and exhaustion dies.

Acutely infected patients have hepatomegaly, there is cellulose deposition on the liver envelope, bleeding, dark red worm passage with coagulated blood and very small child worms, there is blood-stained fluid in the abdominal cavity, adult worms cause chronic cholangitis, chronic hepatitis and anemia in the bile ducts, early hepatomegaly, later atrophy and sclerosis, dilation, thickening, thickening or blockage of the bile ducts, incision to see insects and dirty and thick liquid.

　　[Diagnosis: Comprehensive determination based on symptoms, epidemiological data, stool examination, and postmortem autopsy.] Stool examination can be done by washing and settling or nylon silk bag egg collection. Seeing only a few eggs and appearing asymptomatic can only be regarded as carrier worms. Acute cases are confirmed by autopsy finding a large number of larvae in the liver. In recent years, immunological methods such as intradermal allergic reactions, indirect hemagglutination tests, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent tests have been used for diagnosis.

　　[Prevention and control] There are more drugs for the treatment of flake trematodiasis, and (1) nitrochlorophenol can be used, 4 mg to 5 mg per kilogram of body weight, taken once a day, which is ineffective for children. (2) Thiodichlorophenol, 80 mg per kilogram of body weight to 100 mg, once taken daily, is effective against adult worms. (3) Propionimidazole is 10 mg to 15 mg per kilogram of body weight, once taken orally, it is effective for adult worms and has a certain effect on child worms. (4) Trichlorobenzol (hepatic leech net), 10 mg per kilogram of body weight, once taken orally, is effective for adult and child worms. (6) Bromophenol phosphorus (leech net), 12 mg per kilogram of body weight, once taken a day, is effective for adults and children. (6) Biacetamide phenoxy ether (colizyl), 100 mg per kilogram of body weight, once taken orally, is mainly effective against children.

　　[Prevention] (1) Regular deworming, once a year in spring and autumn. If grazed all year round, deworming can be carried out 3 times a year. In acute cases, deworming may be readily available. Animals grazing on the same pasture are best dewormed at the same time to reduce the source of infection. (2) Do a good job in fecal management fermentation treatment and snail removal. (3) Maintain animal drinking water and forage hygiene. In endemic areas, raw aquatic feed is not fed and raw water is not drunk. Prevent grazing and drinking water in low-lying grasslands.

　　2． Anterior and posterior tbmchinosis

　　Anterior and posterior disc trematosis is caused by a variety of anterior and posterior disc fluke parasitism on the rumen and bile duct wall of anti-animals such as sheep, and the damage of adult insects is generally not very serious, but if a large number of child worms parasitize in the true stomach, small intestine, bile ducts and gallbladder during migration, it can cause serious diseases characterized by refractory diarrhea, and even a large number of deaths. Young and mature sheep are the most susceptible to infection, with severe disease and many deaths. The disease is distributed worldwide, China is all over the place, the south is more common than the north, and the infection rate and infection intensity are very high.

　　There are many kinds of anterior and posterior cavorchia, and the size, color, shape and internal structure of the insect body are different. The size of the worm ranges from a few millimeters to more than twenty millimeters, the flesh is red or off-white, the hypertrophy is conical, cylindrical or rice-grained, and the abdominal suction cup is at the rear end of the worm body, larger than the mouth suction cup, and some have a belly pocket. The horns are smooth. The eggs are grayish white, oval-shaped, and the yolk cells are often assembled at one end, with an egg cap, and the size is (136-142) microns× (70-75) microns.

　　The life history is similar to that of hepatic patchy trematodes, in which hairy cymbals invade the middle of the human body in the middle of the host, small vertebral snails or pointed round snails, the tail explores the snail body, attaches to the aquatic grass to form cysticers, and the sheep are infected by swallowing aquatic weeds with cysticers attached to them. The child worm first parasitizes under the small intestine, bile duct, gallbladder and true gastric mucosa, and finally migrates to the rumen to develop into adult worms.

　　[Epidemiological characteristics] This disease is more common in summer and autumn, especially in multi-faceted or flood years, in this season for a long time in the lake beach grazing, feeding on flooded grass sheep are the most susceptible to infection, of which eating grass fiercely, large amount of food young adult sheep serious disease, or even death.

　　[Symptoms and lesions] Adult worms parasitize the rumen and are less harmful. However, when the child worm migrates into the small intestine, bile duct, gallbladder, and true stomach, the harm is serious. Sick sheep present with stubborn diarrhea, feces into a porridge with fishy odor, emaciation, high anemia, pale mucous membranes, thin blood, subdynal edema. In later stages, he lay on the ground and died of exhaustion.

　　Cases caused by childhood insects present a highly depleting cachexia status. Lymphadenopathy of the anterior shoulder and knee wall is enlarged, and the large omentum and mesentery are thickened and filled with gelatinous infiltrates. True gastric mucosal edema, bleeding spots and child worm attachment. The intestinal wall is severely edematous, there are hyperemic areas or bleeding spots on the surface of the mucous membranes, and the intestines are filled with watery contents. Or necrosis and fibrous inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, the intestines are full of fishy odors and thin feces, and there are many child worms in the small intestine. The liver is slightly swollen or atrophied, the gallbladder is significantly enlarged, and there are child worms in the inside, and there are also child worms in the bile ducts.

　　[Diagnosis] The diagnosis can be made based on the seizure of eggs in the stool or the detection of a large number of child worms by post-mortem autopsy.

　　[Control] Phototype trematodiasis. Cloniclosamide, 75 mg to 80 mg per kilogram of body weight, once taken orally, is very effective for children.

　　3． Schistosomiasis in Japan

　　Schistosomiasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the mesenteric vein and portal vein system of the Japanese schistosomiasis parasitism, commonly known as schistosomiasis. It is mainly endemic in Asia and is widely distributed in China, covering the yangtze river and the provinces and regions south of it. The disease has long endangered people and livestock in the affected areas, seriously affecting human health and the development of animal husbandry.

　　[Pathogen] Japanese schistosomiasis hermaphroditic, nematodes-like, often in a hermaphroditic state. The male is stubby, milky white, 12 mm to 20 mm long, the abdominal suction cup is larger than the mouth suction cup, from the back of the abdominal suction cup, the two sides of the worm body are rolled up to the ventral surface to form a female groove. The female is slender, gray-brown, 15 mm to 26 mm long, and the mouth suction cup and abdominal suction cup are smaller than the male. The eggs are short oval, without egg caps, pale yellow, (70 to 100) microns in size× (50-80) microns, with a thin shell, small spines on one side, and the eggs contain developed hairy cymbals. Adults lay eggs at the parasite site, partly with the blood flow to the liver, and partly retroactively to the intestinal wall, forming nodules. After the nodule ruptures, the human intestine is excreted with the host feces. The eggs hatch in the water to hatch hairy crickets, drill the middle host snails, and produce a large number of tail cymbals through the help of cells and daughters, and escape the snail body. When livestock are exposed to water, the skin or oral mucosa is invaded, and the fetus can also be infected via the placenta. Through blood circulation, finally to the mesenteric veins and portal veins develop into adult worms. Generally, it takes 30 days to 40 days from the skin infection of the cymbal to the adult to lay eggs, and the adult life span can reach more than 20 years.

　　[Epidemic characteristics] People, livestock and wild animals with insects continue to excrete a large number of insect eggs, polluting pastures, rivers, lakes, paddy fields and low wetlands, etc., becoming a source of infection. Wild animals are a non-negligible source of infection in the natural source of the epidemic. Buffalo plays an important role in the schistosomiasis epidemic. Snails are the necessary intermediate hosts for schistosomiasis development, suitable for growing in the wet and overgrown soil of small rivers, lakeshores, rice fields, mountains and plains, and april to May and September to October are the main seasons for their activities and breeding, which is also the season for the snail to release a large number of tailed larvae. When sheep graze and drink water, they are infected when they come into contact with "epidemic water". Flocks of sheep grazing on the beaches have a large range of activities, so sometimes the positivity rate is high.

　　[Symptoms and lesions] Sheep are mainly manifested as progressive wasting, the rib marks of the sick sheep are exposed, the hair is coarse, and the luster is lost, and the white wool turns gray due to the dirt. Sick sheep can see the mucosa is pale, stool becomes soft, fecal particles stick to each other into a mass, often have mucus, mucous membranes, and even blood, some sick sheep have dry cough, shallow and fast breathing, severe cases lie on the ground, often look back at the abdomen. Acutely infected sheep end up dying of multiple failure. Mildly infected sheep have no obvious symptoms except for their thinner body shape and slightly softer fecal bulbs.

　　Eggs are deposited in the liver, intestines and other tissues to form egg nodules. Initial hepatomegaly, the surface and depths of the liver are filled with yellow-white nodules, and the liver is atrophied or hardened in the late stages. Egg deposition can be found in all sections of the intestine, with the rectal segment lesion being the most serious, scarring, small ulcers and thickening of the intestinal mucosa can be seen, sometimes there is granuloma, the mucosa of the large intestine has different degrees of diffuse bleeding, and blood is excreted with feces. When squeezing the portal vein and mesenteric vein, hermaphroditic cuddles can be detected.

　　[Diagnosis] In endemic areas, a preliminary diagnosis can be made based on clinical symptoms and analysis of epidemiological data, but the diagnosis and detection of mildly infected animals depends on pathogenic examination and serological tests. The most commonly used method of pathogenic examination is fecal hair butterfly hatching, which is the main basis for confirming the diagnosis. Serological tests are often used as an adjunctive diagnosis and are used in censuses by means of loop egg sedimentation tests, indirect hemagglutination tests, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent tests.

[Prevention] At present, the commonly used therapeutic drugs are: (1) viquolinone, 40 mg per kilogram of body weight, once taken daily, with significant efficacy. (2) Nitrothiocyanamide, 60 mg per kilogram of body weight, once taken daily, the effect is indeed.

　　[Prevention] (1) Investigation and treatment of diseases. (2) Hunting wild mammals (such as rodents) as a reservoir for insects to avoid future diseases. (2) Check the snail to extinguish the snail. (3) Fecal management, take harmless treatment. (5) Safe water use. (6) Safe grazing and safety protection.

　　4． Moniz taeniasis

　　Moniz taeniasis is a disease caused by the parasitism of Mones taeniae and Tessativae besperitii in sheep and is often endemic. In particular, the harm to lambs is serious, not only affecting growth and development, but even causing mass deaths. Distributed all over the world, China is also widely distributed, the vast pastoral areas almost every year a lot of lambs die of this disease, agricultural areas have a local epidemic.

　　[Pathogen] Extended Moniz tapeworm band, milky white, 1 m to 6 m long, 16 mm wide, with 4 suction cups at the head segment, no apical protrusions and hooks. The eggs are triangular or circular, 50 microns to 60 microns in diameter, and contain a six-hooked pear-shaped vessel. The Tapeworm beetle is wide, up to 26 mm, and the eggs are mostly square and hexagonal, with a diameter of 70 microns to 95 microns. Ground cockroaches are intermediate hosts for Mones taeniae. Pregnant nodes and eggs excreted with host feces are swallowed by ground mites. Six hooked mites in the body of the ground mite after about 40 days to develop into a mature cysticer-like cysticercosis, the sheep eat grass when the mite swallowed this place, the ground mite is digested, released like a cysticercosis, adsorbed on the small intestine, after 37 days to 50 days to develop into an adult insect. Adults survive for 2 to 6 months, after which they usually excrete themselves.

　　[Popular features] 1. The infection rate is highest in lambs aged 5 to 7 months, and the infection rate gradually decreases with age. Prevalence shows a certain seasonality, with the peak of infection generally in the spring and summer. Due to the ecological habits of ground mites, sheep are very susceptible to eating ground mites and infections when they eat low wetland pasture grasses in the early morning and after rain or young grasses that have not been reclaimed in early spring.

　　[Symptoms and lesions] Mild infection does not show obvious symptoms. When the infection is severe, there is a decrease in appetite in the early stage, like to drink water, diarrhea, feces mixed with milky white pregnancy joints, followed by anemia, thinness, rough fur, some have convulsions and gyrations and other neurological symptoms, later often lying on the ground, head back, often do chewing exercises, systemic failure and death. Autopsy reveals cloudy fluid in the chest and abdominal cavity, small bleeding spots in the intestinal mucosa, endocardium, and pericardium, and catarrhal inflammation of the small intestine, sometimes dilated, puffed or instilled, and twisted.

　　[Diagnosis] On the surface of the fecal balls of the sick sheep there are yellow-white gestational nodules, resembling cooked grains of rice. A smear examination of the pregnancy node reveals a large number of characteristic eggs. Eggs in feces can be detected using saturated brine flotation. A combination of symptoms and epidemiological features confirms the diagnosis.

　　Commonly used deworming drugs are: (1) niclosamide, 75 mg to 80 mg per kilogram of body weight, once taken orally. (2) Thiobidichlorophenol, 80 mg to 100 mg per kilogram of body weight, once taken orally. (3) Praziquantel, 10 mg to 15 mg per kilogram of body weight, taken once a day.

　　[Prevention] Mite eradication and preventive deworming are the focus of preventive measures. Combined with pasture conditions, sowing high-quality pasture and renewing the pasture can reduce or eliminate ground mites. The herd does not graze in the early morning and evening after the rain, avoiding the iniquity of ground mites. The herd is dewormed once from the house feed to grazing, and the second "pre-maturation deworming" should be carried out at an interval of about one month after the start of grazing, and the benefits are obvious.

　　5. Cerebral polycephaly

　　Cerebral polycephaly is a disease caused by the parasitism of multi-headed tapeworm larvae of dogs in the brain or spinal cord of polycephaly in sheep and the like. It is a heavy parasitic disease that harms lambs. The worldwide distribution has been reported in all provinces, cities and districts of China, but it is mostly endemic and can cause animal deaths.

　　[Pathogen] Cerebral polycephalic larvae are milky white translucent vesicles, round or oval, peas as large as eggs, and there are many protocephalic liceps with integrated clusters on the walls of the sacs, with 100 to 250. The capsule is filled with liquid. Sheep are infected by swallowing multiple tapeworm eggs, and the six hooked larvae burrow into the intestinal mucosa, follow the blood flow to the brain and spinal cord, and develop into polycephaly after 2 months to 3 months. Dogs swallow sheep brains and spinal cords containing polycephalics, which are adsorbed on the intestinal wall and develop into mature tapeworms over 41 to 73 days.

　　[Epidemiological characteristics] Pastoral or non-pastoral areas, as long as there is a habit of raising dogs, sheep may be infected, and there is a possibility of infection throughout the year.

　　[Symptoms and lesions] 1 week to 3 weeks after infection, the body temperature is elevated, similar to the symptoms of encephalitis or meningitis, severe cases often cause death, and the symptoms of the animals disappear and appear healthy. Typical symptoms occur from 2 to 7 months of infection, with abnormal movements and abnormal posture. When the worm parasitizes on one side of the cerebral hemisphere, the head tends to the affected side and makes a circle movement on the affected side, blinding the contralateral eye. When the worm parasitizes in the anterior part of the brain, the head hangs low against the chest or the forelimb is raised on foot or rushes forward, and falls to the ground or stands still when it encounters an obstacle. When the worm body parasitizes in the cerebellum, hypersensitivity, easy panic, faltering gait, imbalance, spasms, etc. Parasitizing the lumbar spinal cord, paralyzing the posterior body and pelvic organs, and eventually dying of high emaciation or injury to important nerve centers.

　　There are meningitis and encephalitis lesions in the early stages, and the cysts are visible in the later stages or on the surface, or embedded in brain tissue. The skull at the parasitic site is thinned, soft and the skin is raised.

　　[Diagnosis] In the endemic area, a preliminary judgment is made based on its specific symptoms and medical history. Autopsy of sick animals to confirm the diagnosis with dignity.

　　Surgical removal is performed, but parasites in the posterior and deep parts of the brain are more difficult. In recent years, treatment with praziquantel and imidazole propylthiazole has yielded more satisfactory results.

　　[Prevention] To prevent this disease, sheepdogs should be regularly dewormed, and the excreted dog feces and insect bodies should be buried deep. The end hosts such as wild dogs and wolves should be hunted to prevent dogs from eating the brain and spinal cord of sheep, cattle, etc. containing brain multi-headed larvae.

　　6． Blood spear nematode disease

　　Blood spear nematode disease is caused by the parasitism of twisted blood spear nematode parasitizing the true stomach and small intestine of ruminants such as sheep, and the pathogen is highly pathogenic and often mixed with other hairy nematodes. Distributed worldwide, our country is everywhere. The infection rate of sheep can reach 70% to 80%, and the livestock economy has brought very serious losses.

　　[Pathogen] Twisted blood spear nematodes are hairy, reddish, with a thin tip of the head, a small sac, a back spear inside, the male is 15 mm to 19 mm long, the intersecting umbrella is developed, and the dorsal ribs are human shaped. The female is 27 mm to 30 mm long, and the red and white lines can be seen in the eye, and the pudendal gate is located in the posterior half of the worm's body, with a pronounced pubic cover. The eggs are colorless, thin shell, (75 to 95) microns in size× (40 to 50) microns, and contain 16 to 32 embryo cells. The eggs are excreted with the host feces, hatching the larvae to develop into sheathed infectious larvae by molting, and the sheep are infected by eating grass and drinking water to swallow the infectious larvae, and develop into adults after 3 to 4 weeks.

[Popular characteristics] The popular seasons in various places are mostly in late summer and early autumn. Low-humidity pastures are conducive to the spread of the disease, and sheep are more susceptible to infection when grazed in the morning and evening on cloudy days after dewy grass or light rain. Sheep have a "self-healing" phenomenon against twisted blood spear nematodes.

　　The acute type is rare, characterized by the sudden death of fat lambs, pale conjunctiva of dead sheep's eyes, and high anemia. It is generally subacute, showing significant anemia, pale conjunctiva of the eye, edema of the lower and lower abdomen, coarse hair, emaciation, mental atrophy, grazing and outlier, severe lying down, often with constipation knots, or alternating diarrhea and constipation. The course of the disease is generally 2 months to 4 months, and it dies of cachexia, and those who do not die become chronic, and the course of the disease is as long as one year. Autopsy reveals hydrops in the chest and pericardium, edema of the true gastric mucosa, small wounds and ulcers, a large number of worm bodies twisted into a mucus-like mass, and catarrhal inflammation of the mucosa of the small intestine.

　　[Diagnosis] Patients with different severities of the above symptoms in the flock can be suspected of the disease, but the diagnosis must be confirmed by fecal examination of the eggs, and further stool culture is done to check for infectious larvae with characteristics, or in the case of endemic sheep, the body of the insect is detected by hunting and dissecting the severely diseased animal.

　　The drugs available for treatment are: dithioimidazole, 5 mg to 10 mg per kilogram of body weight; levamisole 6 mg to 8 mg per kilogram of body weight; thiabenzole 30 mg to 70 mg per kilogram of body weight, one oral dose; ivermector 0 per kilogram of body weight. 2 mg once subcutaneously.

　　[Prevention] Prevention should be carried out regular preventive deworming, generally once in the spring and autumn, and in winter to expel dormant larvae in the mucous membranes to eliminate the ovulation climax in the spring, and deworming should be carried out when switching to pasture land. Do not graze on low-humidity pastures and avoid eating dewweeds in summer. Pay attention to drinking water hygiene and properly dispose of feces.

　　7． Esophageal nematode disease

　　Esophageal nematode disease is caused by a variety of adult and larvae parasitizing the intestinal lumen and intestinal wall of a variety of esophageal nematodes. Some larvae can form nodules in the intestinal wall, so they are also called nodules. It is distributed worldwide and is widespread throughout our country. Causing sheep productivity to decline, and even death, nodule lesions often affect casing processing and discard, causing serious economic losses.

　　[Pathogens] Colombian esophageal oral nematodes, microtubus esophageal nematodes, coarse-striated esophageal nematodes, etc. parasitize the cecum and colon of sheep, the body of the worm is small, the oral margin is sometimes crowned, the cephalic sac at the tip, the cervical groove, the cervical papillae and the flanking membrane. The male has a well-developed copulating umbrella with a pair of equal-length croscing spines. The female vagina is located near the anterior anus and the ovulation organs are well developed and kidney-shaped. The eggs are oval, colorless, and (73 to 89) microns in size × (34 to 45) microns in size. The life history is similar to that of the twisted spear nematode, but after the larvae enter the sheep, they form nodules in the intestinal mucosa and then return to the intestinal lumen and develop into adult worms.

　　[Epidemiological features] Infection rates are highest in spring and autumn. It is particularly susceptible to infection in the early morning, after rain and when grazing in foggy weather. Host infection is caused by the capture of grass and drinking water contaminated with infected larvae.

　　[Symptoms and lesions] Mild infection does not show symptoms. In severe infection, it causes persistent diarrhea in lambs, the stool is dark green, contains a lot of mucus, sometimes with blood, the sick sheep bows, the hind limbs are stiff, abdominal pain, growth and development are blocked, and finally collapse and die. Autopsy shows that there are many nodules on the wall of the large intestine, nodules are 2 mm to 10 mm in diameter, contain pale green pus, and there are small holes that communicate with the intestinal lumen, causing ulcerative and purulent colitis. Insectoids can be found in new nodules.

　　[Diagnosis and control] refer to spear nematode disease.