Then we had the first part yesterday, and today we brought the next part to you aquarists, and some aquarists asked me: "Why do you want to do it in two parts?" Isn't there 30? "For such a vulgar question, I just want to answer you a word, because I am lazy, and that's it!!! Next, we will bring you the remaining 15 common diseases of ornamental fish!!!
16. Fish leeches
Signs of infection: the damaged fish are very upset, rubbing on hard objects, trying to get rid of the parasite. On closer inspection, leeches reveal worm-like leeches, up to as little as 30 mm long, sticking to the fish.
Infection Details: There are about 300 species of leeches, mainly from freshwater. They are worm-like creatures with a suction cup at each end of their segmented bodies. Fish leeches either move, stretch and contract the body in a stretching motion, alternating the use of suction cups as attachment points. Or swim in the same stretching motion. A suction cup hides a mouth that can cause trauma, through which leeches suck large amounts of blood from their hosts. There is an anticoagulant in the saliva of leeches that allows blood to flow unhindered from the wound. Leeches are hermaphrodites, i.e. each leech has both male and female organs, although it appears that two leeches mate together. On aquatic plants, leeches lay their eggs in egg sacks about 4 mm long, which is the most likely way they are carried into aquariums or ponds. Leeches not only weaken the fish, but also are carriers of blood flagellars, such as trypanosomiasis, and leeches are the cause of secondary infections, such as fungal and bacterial sepsis.
Treatment: A 3% salt solution is usually effective in removing leeches. Pull down leeches that did not fall off during soaking. However, to avoid causing undue harm to the fish, do not remove leeches until treated with saline. Some aquarium anti-crustacean parasite treatment agents can effectively remove leeches. To clean the pond, try placing a piece of raw meat in a glass jar in the water to attract leeches. However, this method is relatively cumbersome. Sometimes it is possible to use dimethoates (0.25 mg - 0.4 mg / L, continuous bathing for 7-10 days).
17. Fish lice
Signs of infection: Fish lice are disc-shaped parasites, between 8-12 mm in diameter, in a variety of colors, from light green to brown. They can be seen sticking to the body of the fish and the fins.
Infection Details: This parasitic crustacean has eight feathery legs that they swim with to find their host fish. The small tail is used to grasp the direction and contains reproductive organs and respiratory organs. On the ventral surface of the worm, two powerful suction cups allow the lice to stick firmly to the scales of the host fish. Between the two suction cups is a needle that injects anticoagulants into the fish and sucks blood and tissue from under the skin with a beak linked to the needle. There are about 200 species of fish lice worldwide. The most common are leaf-shaped mackerel, white-based mackerel and Japanese mackerel. Fish lice usually spawn in early summer, on rocks or other surfaces due to solids. After about a month the larvae hatch and swim freely until they find the host fish. When full, the larvae migrate haphazardly from one fish to another, sometimes for days without eating. After five or six weeks of hatching, they can reproduce. Fish lice are suspected to be possible to transmit diseases such as edema.
Treatment: Fish lice can be removed with forceps. If necessary, gently rub it with a cotton swab dipped in thick brine, or soak it in brine, to help get rid of them. An alternative method is to add a new aquarium anti-crustacean treatment agent to the water. The enemy worm is effective, but it should be used in accordance with the regulations.
18. Fish pox blister disease
Signs of infection: when this disease occurs, the fish body appears small, milky white spots, the surface is slippery, there may be streaks deposited with melanin, protruding 1-2 mm on the skin, and gradually enlarging. Spots may merge, exposing large areas of the skin to aggression. The vegetations are fairly hard and may appear reddish gray as they age.
Infection Details: It is currently believed that fish pox blisters is mainly caused by a specific virus.
Treatment: If the affected fish are allowed to live in a clean, healthy environment, the symptoms should disappear after 8-12 weeks. Symptoms may also recur, but it is almost impossible for a truly healthy fish to recur. In the spring, fish that were not previously infected with the disease are introduced into ponds where they have already developed the disease, and these fish may become ill.
19. Tuberculosis
Signs of infection: There may be a wide variety of signs. The aggrieved fish show loss of appetite, become restless and lose their proper color. Later in the course of the development of the disease may become emaciated, form bulb-like eyes, with defects in the skin. Spinal deformation may also occur. Some fish often die suddenly without showing obvious signs.
Infection Details: The bacteria that cause tuberculosis, branching bacterium, and other species often appear in fish, but they do not necessarily cause harm to fish unless environmental conditions are unfavorable. This bacterium can infect humans, so be careful not to swallow the water in the aquarium when sucking water through the siphon, and wash your hands thoroughly after repairing the aquarium.
Treatment: In the early stages of the disease, the use of anti-tuberculosis drugs has been shown to be effective, but once the disease has progressed, it does not seem to work. Since bacteria grow fastest at 25 degrees, raising the water temperature is not the recommended treatment. But by allowing fish to live in a clean environment, their natural resistance can prevent disease from occurring. Take away sick and dying fish at any time, otherwise there will be cannibalism, which is certainly a way for the disease to spread in the aquarium.
20. Gill flukes (ringworm)
Signs of infection: Healthy adult fish often parasitize small amounts of gill flukes without any sick reaction, and they are difficult to detect with the naked eye. With a good magnifying glass, in strong light, careful inspection can find flukes on adults and fry. Severely infected fish show typical symptoms: increased respiratory rate, cracked gills. Newly hatched fry, around the 7th day after hatching, can be seen as whitish clumps around the gills.
Infection Details: Ringworms and their associated species are monocultural trematodes, small, worm-like organisms up to 1 mm long. It develops entirely in one host. Parasites rely on an attached suction cup to firmly fix themselves to the gills, and the suction cups are surrounded by hooks, and there are 2 to 4 grappling hooks in the center, which vary depending on the species. All species reproduce by storing resistant eggs, which hatch into free-roaming larvae that parasitize to new hosts. Eggs can overwinter, causing infection in the spring of the following year. Healthy fish generally manage to control an infection. If the fish are not in good condition, the infection can become very serious and the parasite spreads to major parts of the body.
Treatment: Adult fish are treated by soaking them in 3% salt water; or with antiparasitic treatment drugs. If juveniles are infected, try adding 15-50 mg/L of formalin to water.
Twenty-one, six front whipworms (head perforation)
Signs of infection: the damaged fish first lose their appetite, then their color deepens and they begin to swim unevenly. Long Qi is a colorful immortal! Other fish have small holes in their heads, and parasites protrude from the holes like whitish substances. Parasites can also be found in fresh excreta. As the disease progresses, the fish becomes emaciated and the hole becomes larger due to the rotting of the flesh.
Infection Details: Six anterior whipworms are visible under a microscope, a single-celled parasite with eight flagellar hairs. Little is known about the reproductive cycle of the parasite. But in crowded environmental conditions, the parasite can spread with the bait. They multiply in the intestines and travel through the bloodstream to all the internal storage organs of the body. Injured fish may become emaciated and die without showing any superficial damage. Wounds on fish are very quickly affected by a second infection caused by fungi and bacteria.
Treatment: There are special agents on the market to treat the six-front whipworm. This disease reacts to menidazole and dimetrimidazole administered by bait and water (must be a veterinary formula). Success requires early treatment and the use of appropriate antifungal and antibacterial drugs to address the problem of a second infection.
22. White spot disease (multi-seeded melon worm)
Signs of infection: Fish with the disease try to close the fins and rub them against hard objects. The parasites are exposed in white, needle-sized spots on the mane and on the body. White spot disease should not be confused with similar small white nodules that appear on the chest and gill discs of male fish in the breeding period, especially goldfish.
Infection Details: Multi-soned melon worms are single-celled flagellar parasites that reach a diameter of 0.2 to 1 mm when mature, with typical curved nuclei that rotate constantly through a lot of cilia. Fish are infested with parasites that can move freely during the highly mobile period. Within two days of release they must find a suitable host or they will die. Once they reach the fish, they quickly pierce the outer layer of skin, living between the skin and subcutaneous tissue, feeding on body fluids and skin cells. They stay in the skin and grow for 3 weeks, depending on the temperature. In fact, they stop growing below 10 degrees, growing fastest in tropical temperatures. When the parasite matures, it burrows out through the skin and falls to the bottom of the aquarium, sticking to a solid surface. Here they become encapsulated in gelatinous sacs, or sacs, and begin to divide inside. Within 15 to 20 hours, up to thousands of free-swimming ciliate larvae are released into the water and cycle again in the aquarium. Apparently, parasites can glue themselves to the fish and lurk until the fish becomes weak in some cases.
Treatment: White dot net is a very good drug to use, because the effect is very strong, basically in time to find the white spot as long as the white dot net is poured into the white dot net the next day will fall down. After the white dot falls, be sure to change the water, and then put the medicine to consolidate it to prevent the sudden outbreak of the white dot.
23. Fish spores
Signs of infection: the fish appear to be emaciated, but the abdomen is swollen. Especially in the later stages of the disease, when small white nodules appear on the skin, skin defects occur. Infected fish swim abnormally.
Infection Details: Fish spore is a fungal-induced disease that spreads through the body and severely damages internal organs. Infection begins with ingested spores, which may be spores on a catfish caught as bait, or spores that remain on an open wound.
Treatment: If fish spores enter the advanced stages, then the treatment cannot be successful. But it is possible to revive the newly infected fish. Bait immersed in phenoxyethanol can successfully treat the disease. Attempts have been made to raise the temperature to 38 degrees, but cannot be identified as a proven treatment. If the fish have to be destroyed, ensure that the aquarium and all equipment are thoroughly disinfected before they can be used again.
24. Bacterial sepsis
Signs of infection: redness on or on the skin of part or entire body of the body. At first the fish behaves normally, but soon the fish becomes abnormal and eventually dies.
Infection Details: When waste products accumulate to a high degree in the water, the natural defenses of healthy fish against bacterial infections may be destroyed. Separate red patches appear on the fish body, and without treatment, the erythema may spread and the infected fish die quickly.
Treatment: It is necessary to maintain a clean environment, which can affect the effect of treatment at an early stage. If it is already in the middle of the period, then quickly hit gentamicin to suppress the spread of the disease, because bacterial sepsis is a more complex disease, so sometimes it can only go with the flow.
25. Tumors
Signs of infection: internal tumors are detected only when the fish stretch the body. External tumors appear as prominent lumps in the affected fish.
Infection Details: The tumor may be benign and confined to a certain area, or it may be cancerous. Most tumors are incurable. Sometimes abnormal thyroid growth occurs that is occasionally curable.
Treatment: Thyroid tumors require specialist identification. A prolonged bath in a 5 mg/L potassium iodide solution can cure the disease, but unless fish have a special significance, it is usually appropriate to dispose of fish humanely.
26. Lymphatic cysts
Signs of infection: small white nodules appear on the skin, especially on the manta. As the nodules grow, they develop cauliflower-type tumors, up to 2 mm wide.
Infection Details: Lymphatic cysts are caused by viral infections that can be transmitted from one fish to another. Sometimes the disease is confined to a few individuals, and sometimes it can destroy an entire group. In the early stages, the tumor may be mistaken for white spots, but after a few weeks, the cauliflower-type appearance becomes apparent. Infected fish become emaciated and eventually die, sometimes they may heal themselves.
Treatment: First trim the infected manta, then coat rivanol or deinsone acetone compounds. Bathing with a mixture of formalin and peacock green can successfully treat the infection, but this is largely impossible. Because lymphocysts develop slowly and the treatment process can be slow, it is wise to euthanize sick fish and transfer healthy fish out of the aquarium for at least two months, while thoroughly disinfecting the original aquarium.
27. Sarcoidosis (iodocariasis)
Signs of infection: Infected fish show rice-grain-like sacs on the gills and on the skin, ranging from needle-sized spots to pea-sized spots. Some species of iodophylla form endocysts, and its associated sporangia may disrupt the balance mechanisms of the fish they parasitize. For example, the brain myxosome, which causes the so-called rotational disease of the mackerel.
Infection Details: Spores are single-celled animals, and spores produce huge numbers of spores as a mode of reproduction, which are transmitted from one fish to another. The life cycle of spore worms varies from breed to breed, but most follow the same pattern. The spores are ingested by fish and become amoeba-type organisms in the intestinal system, where they look for ways to enter the blood and lymphatic system. The organism multiplies and pierces all the internal organs, eventually forming sacs in the intestine and on the skin, and eventually in the intestine and skin. When the external sacs crack or the fish die, millions of spores are released into the water, thus beginning a new cycle of infection.
Treatment: The best approach is to destroy the heavily infected fish and thoroughly disinfect the aquarium or pond. Putting bispora-deficient catfish with leprosy into clean, weakly acidic water is said to cure the disease quickly and effectively, and this may be effective, and perhaps changing the environment in a similar way can also have an effect.
28. Eye protrusions
Signs of infection: abnormal prominence of the fish's eyes. (Note: Some fish, especially goldfish, are born with prominent eyeballs.) ）
Elaboration of infection: The development and contagiousness of the disease depend very much on the cause, which is often difficult to determine. Swollen eyeballs can be caused by a variety of causes, including fish tuberculosis, white spots, edema, insect cataracts (caused by various trematodes, such as multiple trematodes), and bacterial infections.
Treatment: Gentamicin is injected to increase the resistance of the fish, and the fish can be taken out and coated with chlortetracycline eye ointment, which is effective for some eye protrusions. Sometimes some fish can heal themselves, but the cycle is very long.
29. Skin flukes (three generations of worms)
Signs of infection: In severe infection, the fish rubs against hard objects, the skin becomes opaque and may become inflamed. A less severe infection may not show any symptoms that are easy to detect.
Infection Details: Skin flukes are flukes up to 0.8 mm long. They attach themselves to the skin of fish (occasionally on gills) through suction cups with two hooks in the center, feeding on skin cells. When viewed under a low-power microscope, the trematodes on the skin debris can be clearly seen. Three generations of insects are monocultural trematodes, i.e. the entire life cycle is in one host. Adults produce live larvae, which is an unpredictable phenomenon of parasitic life, and even the larvae have younger larvae developing in its body, and this bug has another worm in the body, and so on.
Treatment: Fish soaked in a 3% salt solution get rid of the parasite. Fish live in clean environments with good filtration conditions, which has the potential to minimize infection.
30. Fish maw disease (loss of bladder disease)
Signs of infection: Fish cannot control their position in the water and sometimes only do their best to rise from the bottom. Sometimes it is impossible to leave the surface of the water, or even upside down on the surface of the water. If the problem is not caused by other diseases, the problem may be a dysfunction of the fish.
Treatment: For this condition, there is no effective treatment. Since the disease is induced by cold water, a slight increase in temperature is put into salt to adjust the osmotic pressure, and if you are lucky, you can be cured.
The above is the treatment of 30 kinds of common parasites and diseases of fish, I don't know if you aquarists have learned? If you have learned it all, then congratulations, you are the Huatuo of the fish world