Yu Xin was a literary scholar during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty praised Yu Xin in many poems, such as "Fresh Yu KaiFu, Junyi Bao joined the army." "Yu Xin's articles are older and more successful, and Ling Yunjian's pen is longitudinal." "Yu Xin was the most depressed in his life, and the poetry of the twilight years inspired Jiang Guan." Because yu xin's literary works did not appear in primary and secondary school chinese textbooks, this made him not much famous now, far less than Tao Yuanming. In fact, Yu Xin can be called a masterpiece of the literature of the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
Yu Xin was born in a cultural family of the Southern Dynasty, whose family was "Seven Dynasties Ju Xiu Cai" and "Five Generations of Anthology", and his father Yu Yiwu was a more famous poet at that time. Yu Xin lived in this environment and was able to read a wide range of books. In 527, Yu Xin, who was only 15 years old, was elected as the crown prince Xiao Tong's Eastern Palace lecturer. After Xiao Tong's death, Xiao Gang (Liang was made crown prince, and Yu Xin served as a doctor of eastern palace scribes.
Yuxin in this period can be described as a spring breeze and a smooth career. This period was the early days of Yu Xin, and his poetic style was as beautiful and colorful as other poets of Qi Liang. At that time, Yu Xin and Xu Ling became representatives of Qi Liang literature, and their poems were widely circulated, and people called them "Qi Liang Body".
Historically, the evaluation of Qiliang literature is not high, and it is believed that it is just the so-called sound of silence. However, Qi Liang literature has an important role in promoting the development of Chinese poetry. During the Southern Dynasty, people began to pay attention to the study of the rhythm of poetry, and the representative of which was Shen Yue's "four voices and eight diseases" theory. Yongming literature and Donggong literature are exhausted in musical rhythm, which in itself has important significance for the development of poetry. At the same time, it also laid a solid foundation for Yuxin's literary creation in the later period.
Yu Xin's early poems were scattered a lot because of the later Hou Jing Rebellion. The so-called "Once upon a time in Yangdu, there are fourteen volumes. The value is too clear and chaotic, and there is no one to save. As for Gangneung, there are three more volumes, that is, arms, word for word. "And according to the research, there are about 30 songs that can be handed down. Yu Xin's early poems were mainly endowed with decent poems and Ying Zhao poems, and the literary achievements were generally not high, but there were many fresh and unconventional sentences, and their style was very close to the Song Zhiqing, Shen Qi, Du Zhenyan and others in the early Tang Dynasty.
Le Gong has more time to hesitate, and Wangyuan temporarily returns to public opinion. The mingling tomb is absolutely silent, and the flying cover is through the canal. The flowers of the laurel pavilion have not fallen, and the leaves of the tung gate are semi-sparse. The lotus wind frightens the birds, and the bridge shadows gather fish. The sunset contains mountain air, and the clouds return with rain. - "Bong Ho Shan Chi"
After Yu Xin went into exile in the north, he brought the palace poetry to the north, and created a large number of palace poetry, which the Northern Dynasty called "Yu body". At that time, the upper emperors of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, such as Emperor Ming of Northern Zhou, King Teng, and King Zhao, were very fond of Yu Xin's palace poetry, and Yu Xin created a large number of works that corresponded to it in order to gain the trust of the Emperor of the Northern Dynasty. Yu Xin's representative works of palace poems created in the Northern Dynasty include "Twenty-four Songs of Wing Painting Screens", "Feng bao Zhao Wang's master in the Dao Zhi poem", "Fenghe Wang's five rhyme poems on the way" and so on. Due to the influence of the new environment of the Northern Dynasty, the palace poetry of the Northern Dynasty has already carried the heroic atmosphere of the North.
Admiral Dongping, first set up Jiang Bing. Bending the bow and moving the stone, vibrating drums and boiling sand. General Yokokai, the name of the Long Wind Horse. The rain breaks and the clouds return to a sign. The dark rock is wet towards the stone, and the empty mountain is lit up at night. Low bridges and streams cross, narrow roads in the middle of the flowers. Jinche is built with the festival, and Yuxuan is different from the camp. Female in the army, Lady City outside the cyprus. Villains are obedient, and the wrong way is blocked. In a few months, Shibata ripens, and he years golden stoves. Mourning guan plug song, hissing horses do not part. The prince is a treasure, and he does not rely on balance. - "Feng Bao Zhao Wang's Master in the Dao Zhi Poem"
In 548, the Liang Dynasty broke out the "Hou Jing Rebellion", and Xiao Gang ordered Yu Xin to lead more than a thousand officials of the palace Chinese to camp in the north of Suzaku. After Hou Jing's army arrived, Yu Xin hurriedly retreated. After the capital was captured, Yu Xin fled to Jiangling and threw himself into the tent of Xiao Xuan, the king of Xiangdong. In 552, Hou Jing's rebellion was quelled and Xiao Xuan took the throne. In 554, Yu Xin was ordered to send an envoy to Western Wei, and just after he reached Chang'an, the Western Wei army captured Jiangling, Xiao Xuan was killed, and Soon Southern Liang was destroyed. Yu Xin was forced to stay in Chang'an because of his literary talent, and became an official of The Western Wei-Northern Zhou.
The changes in the situation of the destruction of the country and the death of the family had a huge impact on Yu Xin, and his poetic style also began to undergo a huge change. The Book of Zhou records that Yu Xin "although his position is prominent, he often thinks of his hometown". He often wrote these complex emotions into his poems, making his poems become vigorous and desolate, Du Fu said that "Yu Xin articles are old and more successful, Ling Yunjian's penmanship is longitudinal" and "Twilight poetry empowers Jiang Guan", which refers to this characteristic of his later works. Because Yu Xin's poetry has the musical background of the early palace poetry, the later poetry is more mature. It can be said that the poetry of the late Yuxin period was the product of the fusion of the poetry of the Southern and Northern Dynasties at that time.
Representatives of yuxin's later poems are "Twenty-Seven Songs of Pseudo-Yong Huai", "Sending Wang Lin", "Farewell to Zhou Shangshu" and so on. "Twenty-Seven Songs of Yong Huai" is the work of Yu Xin's imitation of the Nguyen book five-character poem "Eighty-two Songs of Wing Huai". Most of these poems are works that trace chaos, lament their lives, stay in the north, and miss their hometowns, and their styles are tragic and desolate, and they already have the atmosphere of Tang Dynasty poetry, and have a certain influence on the poetry creation of Chen Ziang, Zhang Shuo, Li Bai, Du Fu and others.
Yu Guan cut off the message, and the Han envoy passed through. Hu Di shed tears, Qiang Di broke the intestine song. Waist reduction hormone, do not tear damage transverse waves. The hatred never stops, and the red face is no longer much. Reclaim the sea during the dead wood period, and the green mountains look at the broken river. - "The Seventh of the Wing". Shake the autumn into anger, desolate and resentful. Crying xiangshui bamboo, crying bad Qiliang city. Heaven died in an angry battle, and the day was on duty. Straight rainbow towards the base, the long star fell in the night camp. Chu Ge rao hate song, the south wind more dead sound. A glass of wine in front of you, who talks about the name after him. - "Imitation of Huai Qi XI" The depression is far away, and there is a lot of misery and dust. Closing the door to Baidi, the city shadow into the Yellow River. Autumn wind Farewell Su Wu, cold water to send Jing Ke. Whoever speaks the world, gets up in the morning and sings in the tent. - "The Twenty-Sixth of the Twenty-Sixth" Yangguan Wanli Road, not a single person returned. Only the geese by the river, flying south in autumn. - "Farewell to Zhou Shangshu" The Road of Yuguan is far away, and the Messenger of Jinling is sparse. Alone a thousand lines of tears, open the king's book. - "Send Wang Lin"
After Yu Xin arrived in the Northern Dynasty, he had an understanding of the geography and humanistic customs of the mountains and rivers in the north, and began to write some poems with a more open realm, washing away the old habits of the rich, making people feel fresh and natural. Among them, the representative works are "Yan Song Xing", "Yang Liu Song", and "Night Listening to And Pounding Clothes", which had a great influence on the Tang Dynasty's Border Plug poetry.
Daibei cloud qi is dim in the day, and there is no compound root in the thousands of miles. Cold birds cross the Liaoshui River, and mulberry leaves fall on the thistle gate. There are no arrows and bamboo at the top of Jinyang Mountain, and there is no water source in the city of Lile. The vassal state has been away from the residence for a long time, and the Yangguan voice is absolutely powerful. Yuan Delu flew an arrow and held the book of Sending Thoughts to Yan. Du Liao had its own general, and the cold wind Xiao Xiao was born with water patterns. Concubines frightened Ganquan foot beacon fire, Junqi Yuyang less cloudy. Since the general came out of the willow, it is difficult for the swingster to stay alone in the empty bed. Panlong Mingjing fed Qin Jia, warded off evil and sent incense to Han Shou. The spring equinox swallows can come for a few days, and the silkworm sleeps for a long time in February. Luoyang gossamer hundreds of miles, the Yellow River spring ice thousand pieces wear. The color of the peach blossom is as good as a horse, and the new opening of the elm is like money. Pu Tao a cup of a thousand days drunk, nothing nine transfer immortals. Ding took Jin Dan as a few clothes, which could make HuaBiao a thousand years. ——Yu Xin "Yan Song Xing"
There are hundreds of willow branches by the river, and there are long strips hanging on the ground. The river rushes to the roots, and the wind and waves in the river blow. Poor phoenix in the nest, born and separated for no reason. As soon as the stream chak went to the heavenly pool, the weaver girl branch machine should be seen and followed. Whoever speaks from the shadow of several countries, directly uses a small branch in the southeast. In the past, the prince went out of Nanpi, where to find Xuanwupi. The horse gallops northwest, curving left and right to look up at the moon branch. Even the money barrier mud crossed the water to ride, and the white jade hand board fell on the plate. Junyan's husband had no intention of getting angry, and asked Yanshan nadebei. Phoenix new pipe Xiao Shi blows, zhu bird spring window jade female peep. Red onyx of the wine glass, purple glass of the eclipse snail. A hundred years of frost dew is dying, once the name can not be done. It must have been King Huai who made a mistake in his calculations, and did not have anything to repeat Zhang Yi. It is better to drink high yang pool and turn away at dusk. Who under Wuchang City saw the move, it can be known before the Guandu camp. Under the flying feathers, the non-complex silk horsetail hangs. To leave a song with the plum blossoms, blow the flute pipe together. - "Willow Song"
Autumn night pounding, Fit Nagato Castle. Tonight, nagato moon should be as bright as day and day. Small beards are woven with a round waist. The autumn anvil is in a hurry, and the pestle changes into a new sound. The stone anvil is more than loud, and the tongfu pestle is silent. Mingshi out of Huayin, virtual tong cai fenglin. North Hall thin waist pestle, South City Girl anvil. There is no drum for beating the knot, and the tuning does not require the piano. And knotted with wisps, double wear long-life needles. Advocate the building to say goodbye to complaints, and the solicitation of customers is worried. Concentric bamboo leaves, double to double full. The skirt is not long, and the sleeves of the shirt should be short. Long Wen skeleton scissors, phoenix wings wrapped around the tube. The wind and rhyme, the mourning sound is broken. New sounds swirled around the night wind, swirling through the air. The Changle Hall should be heard and sentenced to the Zhaoyang Palace. [Flower beard drunken eyes valerian, dragon zi fine text red.] Wet fold through the sunset dew, blow clothes overnight wind. The jade step wind turned sharply, and the snow on the Great Wall should be mined. The new silk is ready to be sewn, and the fine brocade line must be sewn. The sound is annoying Guangling scattered, and the pestle is urgently fishing and yang. The crescent moon moves golden waves, and autumn clouds flood over. Who pity the conscripts, tonight in jiaohe. The sun parted, and linjiang sang sadly. Fu Ling mourns this song, and the red face is still a few. - "Listening to the Dress at Night"
Yu Xin not only achieved great success in poetry, but also was the best writer of the Southern and Northern Dynasties in terms of rhetoric. In the early days, Yu Xin wrote down "Spring Endowment", "Tanabata Endowment", "Lamp Endowment", "Candle Endowment", "Mirror Endowment", "Mandarin Duck Endowment", "Swinging Son Endowment" and other palace endowments, "Body Objects and Measuring Brightness" Yu Xin's endowment used both the Bixing technique, relying on material romance, borrowing scenery lyricism, focusing on the expression and expression of the spiritual world. At the same time, although the early endowment is a palace body endowment, it also avoids the simple "body object" and takes the erotic feeling as the sect, lays out the comparison, and renders the beauty of the momentum.
Three days of curved water to Kawazu, day and night by the river more than the gods. Under the trees, cuppers, sand heads crossing the water. Wear thin, narrow sleeves and a beaded neck scarf. The head of the Baizhang Mountain is inclined to slope, and Sanyu is not drunk and Mo returns home. The water shadow in the pool is hanging in the mirror, and the clothes in the house are not as fragrant as flowers. ——Excerpt from "Spring Endowment"
Yu Xin's lexical literature also reached its peak in the Northern Dynasty. After the fall of Later Liang, Yu Xin wrote his own famous work through the ages, "The Southern Fu of the Sorrowful River". The endowment "links family lineage with national history, integrates personal encounters with national disasters, summarizes the history of the Liang Dynasty from prosperity to decline and its own experience from south to north, condenses the sorrow of the homeland and the people suffering from the turmoil, the feelings are deep and moving, the style is desolate and majestic, it is a long and huge work in the history of Chinese lexicon, it is an epoch-making masterpiece, with epic scale and boldness, it is a monument in the history of endowment, and occupies an important position in the history of the development of words, fu and the entire history of literary development."
It is to know and swallow the Liuhe, and it is inevitable to avoid the inflammation of the Xuandao; mixing a cart of books will not save the disaster of Pingyang. alack! Mountains collapse and fall, and they are on the luck of peril; it is iterative in spring and autumn, and there will be sorrow in the past. Providence can be sad and sad. ——Excerpt from "The Order of the Southern Fu of the Sorrowful River"
Historically, the evaluation of the "Southern Fu of the Wai River" is very high, and it is generally believed that the endowment is the pinnacle of ancient Chinese lexical literature and the master of the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Lin Shu commented, "Zishan's "Southern Fu of the Sorrowful River" is not called Fu, and should be regarded as the blood and tears of the doctor of the subjugated country. Later poems such as "Northern Expedition", "Eight Lamentations", "Hanging Ancient Battlefield Texts", and "Peach Blossom Fan • Lamenting Jiangnan" were all created under the influence of "Wai Jiangnan Endowment".
If there is no in Jiangling, it is the beginning of the disaster of Jinling. Although borrowing external forces from others, they rise from within the walls. The Lord of Chaos is neglectful, and the Sect of Zhongxing is not worshipped. Uncle Xi Xi, the same see Yu Zi. The Jingshan magpie flew and the jade shattered, and the snake on the shore was born and died. Ghosts and fires are in the pinglin forest, and the ghosts are swimming in the new city. Liang Gufeng migrated, Chu Shi Qin died; if there is no abolition, why should it be prosperous? After having a concubine, it will be bred in ginger. Lose my artifact, and live as the king. The great virtue of heaven and earth is born, and the great treasure of the saint is known as the throne; with the sons of rogues, they lift up Jiangdong and abandon them all. Pity the family of the world, but the anti-qi of the southeast; with the head of the quail and give Qin, why is the heavens drunk? ——Excerpt from "The Southern Fu of the Lamentations"
In addition to "The Southern Fu of the Wai River", Yu Xin's creations in the Northern Dynasty also include "March 3rd Forest Garden Horse Shooting Fu", "Qiongzhu Forest Fu", "Dead Tree Fu", "Sadness Fu", "Elephant Drama Fu" and so on. His "Dead Tree Endowment" depicts different scenes of the big locust tree in different periods, at first lush and full of vitality, and later because "the mountains and rivers are blocked, drifting away from the parting" The locust tree has become "weeping and weeping, hurting the roots and draining the blood", which is borrowing the withering glory of the tree to compare the tragedy of losing one's country and losing one's home and being displaced from a foreign land. "Sadness" writes about the disasters caused by Hou Jing's rebellion to the people, creating a kind of blood and tears intertwined, sad and desolate mood, which have high achievements in the history of literature.
In Xi Jinling, the world was in chaos, the five rooms were swinging, and the people were destroyed. The brothers were divided into five counties, and the father and son were separated from the three states. The earth is boiling in Yuan Cao, and the human jackal is in Chu Han. Or there are trees that are plagued, tibetan clothes are in distress, there is no mulberry arc, and the garnet hall is empty first. The only hill of man, Ting Sui Qianqiu, Bian Shao yong hate, Sun Chu long sorrow. Zhang Zhuangwu's heart was sick, and the tears of Yangnancheng flowed. Pains relay body, search for the world. Heavenly Dao Si Ci, human love. The dragon under the knee is destroyed, and the beads in the palm are broken. Shiba withered first in the room, lan sheng ting and fleas. The repair of life is short, and the mourning is full. The crane sounded lonely, and the ape groaned and broke its intestines. Between The Two Bo, the road is like Xin'an. The vines are furrowed, and the coffins are covered. No tree is sealed, but thorns are thorny. The sky was miserable and colorless, and the clouds were pale and cold. ——Excerpt from "Sadness"