About author:Zhang Dangshe, intermediate professional farmer, intermediate technician, (Northwest Horticulture) front-line expert. Participated in the 2016 Shaanxi Qianxian Vocational Farmer Fruit Tree Class Training, and obtained the Intermediate Vocational Farmer Certificate and Intermediate Technician Certificate. Published 17 manuscripts in Northwest Horticultural WeChat and magazines, and became a first-line fruit tree expert. (Zhongnong Music) published 30 stories that touched my heart in 2017, was specially interviewed by Xianyang Radio and Television Column, and this year was rated as an excellent front-line expert by (Northwest Horticulture).
In the spring production management of apple orchards, the main work is to clarify the focus of the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in orchards: wintering diseases and insects hidden in those parts of the orchard, are those diseases and insect pests through the garden, reduce the number of diseases and insect pests throughout the year, to provide favorable conditions for the production of high-quality fruits in the whole orchard, the following I combined with the actual production of some of the key work of orchard disease and pest control, for the reference of fruit farmers and friends.
Apple orchards have fixed wintering places for various diseases and pests, and their wintering places are relatively concentrated, and they should seize the favorable opportunity to implement effective prevention and control measures before the germination of fruit trees in spring. These pests and diseases are concentrated in places where the performance is more obvious. In the spring, as the ground temperature rises, the focus of orchard qingyuan should be placed on these aspects:
1. Germs that overwinter on the branches of the victim. Those who overwinter with mycelium and conidia have rot disease, dry rot, and black star disease.
2. The germs that overwinter on buds and scales, fruit moss and dry branches include mold heart disease, powdery mildew and black star disease.
3. Germs that overwinter on deciduous leaves. Those who overwinter with mycelium or conidia include brown spot disease, rotiform disease, and spotted leaf litter.
4. Germs that overwinter on sick (zombie) fruits. Those who overwinter with mycelium are anthrax, brown rot, and black rot.
Orchard spring pest work can not be relaxed, clear the second garden, once before germination, once placed after budding. The main pests controlled by Qingyuan are mainly manifested in the following aspects:
1. Pests that overwinter in the branches, top buds and nearby, wart buds that overwinter with eggs, and top leaf curl moths and white leaf curl moths that overwinter with larvae.
2. Pests that overwinter on annual twigs. Overwintering with eggs are apple red spiders, yellow buds and canopy caterpillars. Larvae and old mature larvae overwinter with bulbous solid borers, apple-branched celestial calves, and yellow thorn moths. The pupae overwinter with the apple sword moth.
3. Pests that overwinter in deciduous leaves, fallen fruits and grasses. Pupae overwinter with the top of the leaf curl moth, golden striped moth. Adults overwinter include the macular leaf curl moth, the silver leafminer moth, the apple leaf curl moth, and the two-star leafhopper.
4. Pests that overwinter in the soil or rhizomes under the canopy. Larvae and old mature larvae overwinter with apple aphids, scarab beetles, and peach heartworms. Adult insects overwinter with apple-haired scarab beetles, black-velvet scarab beetles, and hawthorn red spiders.
The above points are the hidden parts of the overwintering diseases and insect pests in the apple orchard, knowing the specific wintering places of the diseases and insects, the fruit farmer friends do not believe in the prevention and control of diseases and insects in the spring, reducing the base of diseases and insect pests is the focus of the spring orchard, as a fruit farmer, hurry up and take action, seize this favorable opportunity in the spring, do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in the orchard in the spring, and create conditions for this year's orchard to produce high-quality fruits.
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