He Qijia – The twelfth monarch of the Shang Dynasty

　He Qijia ,birth and death year unknown, oracle bone as 戋甲, son of King Tai peng of the Shang Dynasty, younger brother of the Shang King Zhongding and WaiRen, the twelfth monarch of the Shang Dynasty. He succeeded to the throne after the death of his brother WaiRen. During the reign of He Qijia, the Shang Dynasty declined again, and in desperation, he moved north to Yuxiang (present-day Neihuang, Henan) to alleviate the internal and external difficulties. He Qijia also sent troops to conquer the Lan and Ban fangs in the southeast, and with the help of some Fang states, the rebellious princes were able to regain their stability. He died of illness during his 9-year reign and was buried in Xiang.

　　He Qijia (河亶甲), also known as 戋甲, was the son of King Tai peng of the Shang Dynasty, and the younger brother of King Zhongding of the Shang Dynasty and Wai Ren. After the death of King Wairen of Shang, He Qijia succeeded him as monarch of the Shang Dynasty. In the first year of the reign of Heqijia, when the shang dynasty's power was declining again, Heqijia moved the capital from Huan to Xiang (present-day Neihuang, Henan) in order to alleviate the contradictions within the royal family. In the third year of Heqijia, the Shang Dynasty, with the help of the Fang state Peng Guo, made the Pi state submit to the Shang Dynasty. In the fourth year, He qijia sent troops to conquest the eastern tribe Lanyi. For five years, the he was a man of the people. He Then ordered Pember and Weber to lead an army to conquer the Banfang, and the Banfang submitted. In this way, the Jurchens were isolated, so they also submitted to the Shang Dynasty, and Nagong was declared a vassal. In the ninth year of the reign of He, He qijia died and was succeeded by his son Zu Yi.

　　When He qijia took the throne, there were internal and external troubles and contradictions, and he had to move the capital to reverse the unfavorable situation. This move has alleviated the contradictions within the royal family to a certain extent. After a little tidying up, He qijia successively launched a war against Lan Yi and Ban Fang. During his reign, He Qijia contributed to the stability of the Shang Dynasty and laid the foundation for the subsequent revival of Zu Yi.

　　Merchants have moved many times, and history contains the saying of "the first eight and the last five". The identification of these specific sites is of great significance for reconstructing the history of the Shang Dynasty and solving related academic problems, but most of these sites have not yet been confirmed by archaeology, and the phase where Heqi jia lived is one of them. The three books "Bamboo Book Chronicle", "Shang Shu Prologue" and "History of Yin Benji" all say that Heqi Jia moved to Xiang. Regarding the burial place after the death of Heqijia, there are three legends: First, Xiang (in present-day Huang County, Henan Province); 2. Tangyin (present-day Tangyin County, Henan Province); 3. Near Yin (present-day south bank of Huanshui).

　　One said in present-day Anyang. Tang Duyou's Tongdian Vol. 178 Xiangzhou Article: "Xiang prefecture (相州, in present-day Li'anyang County), Yin Wanghe Qijia Juxiang, that is, its land also ... Later Wei Daowu placed Xiangzhou and took the righteousness of the River Qijia Juxiang". Song Wang Yinglin's "Tongjian Geographical Interpretation" quotes the "Class Essentials": "Ben Yin Ruins in Anyang County, the so-called Northern Mongolian; The city of Qijia is five miles and forty steps, on the south bank of the Huanshui River. Song Luoqin's "Lu Shi Guo Ming Ji IV" mentions both the residence of Heqijia in Neihuang, and also mentions that the ancient city of Heqijia and the tomb of Qijia are in Anyang. Song Lu Da Lin said that the many Pieces of Shang Dynasty Bronze Ware recorded in the Archaeological Map were "obtained from Yi", and when volume IV records a bronze vessel, it says: "I heard that this vessel was obtained next to the tomb of the Tongjia on the shore of huanshui. "It is said that it was in Xiang County, Pei County, that is, in the south of present-day Xuzhou, Jiangsu, and the north of Suzhou, Anhui. Ding Shan has this saying in the "Ancient Bamboo Book Chronicle" that has the Heqi Jia Zheng Lan Yi Incident, which is considered together with the Zhongding Qianyi and Mongolia areas. Chen Mengjia and others followed suit. As for the "Pei County Xiang County Theory", it is not advisable to attach it to the Xiang Mountain near Fu Liji, and scholars such as Zou Heng have made incisive arguments for this.

　　The Tang and Song dynasties were most popular with the "Anyang theory", but with the discovery of the Anyang Xiaotun oracle bone and the confirmation of the Yin Ruins as the capital of Pan Geng, this theory died and seemed to be a conclusive conclusion. At present, researchers mostly take the "Neihuang theory" as the right, but in the place where the Neihuang Shi zaihe Jia lived, no large-scale and similarly aged Shang cultural sites have been found, and the Shang Dynasty sites found in this area are very small, and it is unlikely that they are all. In this way, the exact location of xiangdu becomes an open case. Where exactly is Xiangdu? The regional archaeological survey of the Huanhe River Basin and the excavation of the Huanbei Garden Zhuang site (located about 3.5 kilometers north of Anyang City, Henan Province) by the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and other units have provided important clues for exploring the appearance of the River Qijia.